supposed to have derived their name Duffen, a British word siguifying deep or low, because they inhabited for the most part a plain encompassed by hills.

Whether the name on the stone be that of an individual or of a nation, it certainly is, says Mr. Bray, of British origin.

On the reverse side are the letters G. C., which Mr. Bray presumes may stand for Galba Cæsare. But I can see little to induce us to follow Mr. Bray in this, except in his quoting from Shakespeare the following lines:

"Figures pedantical, these summer flies

Have blown me full of maggot ostentation:
I do forswear them."

To be continued.

tive of B is so ascertained without resorting to any external proof.

"External corroboration is however found abundantly in the substantial agreements of the results with those derived from the Irish lapidary Ogham texts, many of which 'echo' formulæ found in Latin inscriptions, and in one Ogham legend in South Britain. The manuscript keys to the Ogham alphabet preserved in the Irish books differ in one material respect from the South British, and from the generality of Irish lapidary texts, but agree with the Scottish examples; and the South British texts being older than the manuscripts, an inference arises that the Scottish Oghams are more recent than the others."

The following represents the Oghamic inscription on the stone:

The stone is irregularly square, and probably represents some old boundary mark.

There are three names in three lines, and the inscription may be read as being in memory of Dobunnius Faber, the son of Ennabarrus ; or, according to Mr. Bray, of Dobunnius the smith, the son of Ennabarrus; or of Faber, the son of Ennabarrus, one of the Dobuni.

Faber in later ages was no uncommon name, and meant a skilful workman in any art (more particularly in metal; for Faber has more especial reference to a smith or worker of iron). It would be of paramount importance in barbarous ages, that a man's trade or occupation would naturally become, not only an addition, but in itself a proper name; and probably it is so in this case, just as that of Smith in our own. It is also probable, Mr. Bray thought, that the first name in the inscription may have been that of his people.

According to Henry (p. 32), a part of the Dobuni submitted to the Romans. These were probably the subjects of Cogidunus, who became a great favourite of Claudius and succeeding emperors for his early submission and steady adherence to their interests.

Camden says that the Cassii had conquered the Dobuni before the arrival of Cæsar, who made the prince of this country commander-in-chief of the forces of the whole island.

This tribe inhabited Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire. They are supposed to have derived their name Duffen, a British word signi

fying deep or low, because they inhabited for the most part a plain encompassed by hills.

Whether the name on the stone be that of an individual or of a nation, it certainly is, says Mr. Bray, of British origin.

"The inscription," Dr. Ferguson says, "is remarkable as being all in Roman capitals a criterion thought to bespeak a higher antiquity than where capitals and minuscales are intermingled, as is the case in most of the 'bi-literals' of South Wales." (Pres. Royal Irish Academy, Nov. 29th, 1873.)

Hübner has given only the Roman inscription in page 10 of his recently published work, Inscriptiones Britannia Christianæ, 1876, and appears not to have been able to obtain a drawing of the Ogham inscription upon the same stone, of which he knows neither the form nor dimensions, remarks, "In angulo litteræ Celticæ scriptæ sunt, quarum imaginem nancisci non potui. Formam lapidis depictam non habui mensuramque eius ignoro. S. Ferguson, Archæol. Camb. sec. iv. 5, 1874, p. 92 et I. Rhys, ibid, p. 173, cf. p. 334 adn. Is mihi ectypum misit litterarum, quod hic repetendum curavi. Litterarum Celticarum has tautum

Rhys legit, diverse a religuis; ut mihi significavit per litteras. Idem lapide denuo inspecto filli potius quam fili legendum putat."

On the reverse side are the letters G. C., which Mr. Bray presumes may stand for Galba Cæsare. But I can see little to induce us to follow Mr. Bray in this, except in his quoting from Shakespeare the following lines:

"Figures pedantical, these summer flies

Have blown me full of maggot ostentation:
I do forswear them."

The next stone to which I shall draw attention is that which was found some few years since lying over a little brook close to Fardel farm-house, once the mansion and inheritance of the family of the celebrated Raleigh. We are indebted for the preservation of this interesting stone to the care of the late Sir Edward Smirke, who gave a description of it in the Transactions of the Royal Institution of Cornwall for 1861. It is to this article I am indebted for most of the information respecting it. The stone has been removed through his instrumentality from the yard at Fardel to the British Museum, where it is now preserved. It is six feet three inches long, two feet ten inches broad, and seven inches thick.

This was the first stone found in England with an Ogham inscription. A few have been noticed in Scotland, and also in Wales, where the inscription of the stone at St. Dogmaels assimilates to this. It also shows an interesting interchange of the Roman Filius with the Irish Mac, for while the Roman inscription on the face reads "Sangranus filius Cunotami,"

the Ogham writing on the margin of the stone is

"Sangramnus maqi Cunotami."

On the Fardel stone before us, the Maq is introduced both in the Roman and the Ogham inscriptions.

SASSANVI

On one side of the stone is engraven the word "Sangranui," and on the other "Fanoni Maqvirini ;" but it has been read somewhat differently in the Ogham inscription, where the fifth letter appears to be equivalent to "q" and the seventh to "c." The "u" is morcover omitted, as it does not necessarily follow the letter "q," as is the case in the Roman language. Thus instead of Maqvirini, we have Maqiqici; or, as Mr. Brash thinks it not impossible that portions of the fifth symbol may have been destroyed, and consequently it might have corresponded with the letter in the Roman inscription, it would read Maqirici. Thus we have a record to the memory of Fanonus, the son of Virinus, in the Roman inscription, and of Fanon, the son of Iricus, in the other.

The interest which these stones have exists in the fact that the symbol of another language-the Gadelic, or ancient Erse, or Irish language-once existed here.

Hübner in his Inscriptiones Britannia Christiana (p. 9) has given the legend as slightly different, and writes, "Fanoni reliqui et imago mea eos secuta; sed quod I. Rhys me monuit, scilicet Fanoni clare legit, confirmaverunt a me rogati amici musei Britannici.”. A. W. Franks et A. S. Munay.

"Literas Celticas Rhys nunc et ita legit; Svaqquci maqi Qici putatque nomen Svaqquei componendun sse em chwap, quick hodierno."