ed to the Legislative Council, and appointed by Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, one of the original Senators of the new Dominion Parliament, under the Act of Confederation, which appointment was for life. He was also for a time Judge of the Superior Court in the County of Sherbrooke, and in 1873 was called by Her Majesty, suddenly and unexpectedly, to the Court of Queen's Bench, a position equivalent to that of Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which position he filled with distinguished ability until his death. Edwin D., like his brothers, was brought up on the farm, reared in habits of economy and industry, in the prosecution of the ordinary duties of a farmer's son. The work was constant, laborious and exhausting, but pleasant and healthful. Early hours, wholesome food, a well ventilated house, with its wide, open fire-place, active duties by day and undisturbed sleep by night, enjoyed through the years of his early life, all contributed toward the formation of a sound physical constitution. His bodily powers, maturing under the gracious influences of culture and self-command, endowed him with an easy and manly bearing which has characterized him in all the varied positions he has been called to fill. The personal presence of the man has been no small adjunct of power in the management of over forty classes of undergraduates, each of which has seen in the professor one whom it was safe to trust and honorable to obey. When a boy, in the public schools of his native town, he exhibited aptitude and proficiency in the studies pursued, and was declared by his instructor qualified to teach in similar schools at the age of sixteen. The same year he was entered as a student at old Gilmanton Academy, and commenced at once the study of Latin, and in six weeks had mastered Adam's Latin Grammar. The following winter, 1825-26, he taught in Deerfield, and was re-engaged for the same school the next year, receiving for the first term ten, and for the second eleven, dollars per month. In the fall of 1827 he taught a select school in Barnstead. During his preparation for college the summers of each year were devoted to labor on his father's farm. In 1828 he entered the Freshman class in Dartmouth College, each recitation and caused the dull page to glow with luminous exposition of the dark phrases and obscure idioms of the dead language. This chair of the Latin language and literature he continued to occupy with conspicuous ability from 1837 to 1859, during which time he prepared and read in all about twenty lectures on the subject. pursued his course regularly, graduating endeavored to bring fresh enthusiasm to in 1832, and receiving the Latin Salutatory in the Commencement exercises, thus keeping up with his class while teaching every winter and for nine months of his Senior year. During these years he taught in Northwood, Brentwood, twice in Concord, and in the academies in Derry and Topsfield, Mass., continuing in the latter institution a year af ter his graduation, then a year in Gilmanton Academy, and in 1834 was offered and declined a tutorship in Dartmouth College. He began the study of law with Stephen C. Lyford, Esq., of Meredith Bridge, now Laconia, but abandoned it and commenced the study of divinity in Andover Theological Seminary, entering the Junior class in 1834, acting at the same time as assistant teacher in Phillips Andover Academy. Thus it was that his natural fitness for the instructor's chair constantly asserted itself, finally prevented him from pursuing his theological studies to their close, and opened before him a path to future usefulness and honor which nature and education had abundantly qualified him to fill. In 1835 Mr. Sanborn was again offered and accepted a tutorship in his Alma Mater, and before the close of the year he was formally installed as Professor of the Greek and Latin languages. Two years later these were separated, Professor Sanborn taking the Latin, and Professor Alpheus Crosby the Greek. In 1859 Professor Sanborn was appointed University Professor of Latin and Classical Literature in Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, of which the late Professor Joseph Gibson Hoyt of Exeter was then Chancellor, and entered upon his duties in September of that year, acting also as principal of Mary Institute, a female seminary under the government of the same college. In his new position he acquitted himself with honor, bringing to the instruction of youth in that then growing and enterprising State the ripe and garnered fruits of his long and rich experience in the East. But the war of the rebellion proving disastrous to all the interests of Missouri, educational, social and financial, he was constrained to resign his chair in March, 1863, and immediately accepted the Professorship of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres in Dartmouth College, returning to the seat of his former labors, but to enter upon a new field of endeavor, more congenial to his tastes and desires, To his new position Professor Sanborn brought the experience of age and the Had his own inclination been consulted ardor of youth. For the first time was or allowed to determine his course, Pro- opened to him a proper arena for the disfessor Sanborn would have chosen the play of his rich and extensive stores of chair of Natural Philosophy. His quick knowledge, accumulated through years discernment and retentive memory would of wide and general research in history have insured him ready proficiency in and general literature. He immediately the facts and laws of physics, while his entered upon the true method of univernatural enthusiasm would have led him sity education, and the one most fruitful to the constant use of experiment and of results, of imparting instruction by demonstration. He entered, however, lectures; not the dry and elaborate prepwith ardor and an ambition to excel, aration of the study, drawn out and enupon the duties of his profession, and grossed by rule and read to “scraping" made himself a critical master of the classes, but the impromptu deliverance language he was to teach. His duties of a mind thoroughly saturated with the were laborious. The classes were large, subject and alive to the opportunity. In and recited in three divisions, necessitat- this professorship he is still in service. ting a constant crossing and recrossing He stimulates and enlists the enthusiasm of the same ground. Nevertheless, he of his pupils by inviting and assigning subjects for criticism, declamation and careful treatment, thus inducing competition, compelling research, and calling into profitable and agreeable activity the best powers of the mind. "As the result of all this," said the late President Smith, "so deep an interest has been awakened in the belles-letres studies and exercises that fears have been expressed that other departments might be overshadowed. I speak with special knowledge on this subject, having had a son under the instruction of Professor Sanborn, and with comparative knowledge, I may add, as another of my sons graduated at Yale. Indeed, I should be tempted, if it would not seem ungracious, to pronounce it superior. No part of the curriculum has had higher commendation than this from examining committees of late, and gentlemen who have attended commencements for the last half dozen years have spoken emphatically of the great advance manifest as well in the delivery as in the style of the speakers." Professor Sanborn commenced to write for the press while an undergraduate, and has from that time wielded a prolific pen. More than one thousand articles of his preparation, on education, agriculture, temperance religion, politics, science and other topics, have appeared in various periodicals, besides a great number of elaborate and learned papers in the North American Review, the Bibliotheca Sacra, New Englander American Biblical Repository, Christian Observatory, and other periodicals. He has also delivered addresses, disdiscourses and orations on a great variety of subjects and occasions, before societies, associations, conventions and bodies, learned and unlearned, many of which have been published. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1850, and prepared the report on education, and made speeches on various measures, which were printed. He delivered eulogies on President Harrison and President Taylor; another before Phillips Andover Academy on Daniel Webster, with whom he was intimately acquainted, having married his brother's daughter. He assisted Fletcher Webster in editing his father's correspondence, preparing most of the original matter of the introduction, and furnished a portion of the reminiscences of the great statesman lately published by Peter Harvey. He delivered the oration on New Hampshire Day at the Centennial in Philadelphia, 1876. In 1875 he published a History of New Hampshire, a volume of 423 8vo. pages. Of this latter work James T. Fields, the well known author and critic, says: "The author sketches the characteristics of different epochs of civilization, contrasting the ancient and the modern; gives a view of the condition of society at the time of the first settlements in America; narrates in a clear, luminous and effective style the principal events in the earlier and later colonial history, the wars, and the political and religious controversies through which New Hampshire, in common with the rest of New England, has been called to pass, and the brilliant achievements and rapid progress of her history; and gives an outline of the lives of some of her most remarkable sons, together with an interesting summary of her industrial development and the extent of her resources. The work is a clear, coherent and well arranged narrative, critical as well as historical, and written in an interesting and vigorous style." Professor Sanborn was licensed as a Congregational minister Nov. 1, 1836, but has never sought ordination. He has, however, thronghout his professional career often occupied the pulpit in his own and other denominations, frequently speaking without "notes," in that clear, direct and pungent style which is characteristic of all his class, platform and pulpit efforts. In 1859 the University of Vermont conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws. In 1846 he was appointed Justice of the Peace and Quorum, and from that time till his departure for Missouri, he held most of the justice courts in Hano ver. In 1848 and 1849 he represented Hanover in the General Court, and in the Constitutional Convention of 1850. talks or lectures in the parlor of Dr. Crosby's church in New York City. Ezekiel W., born in 1844, died in infancy. Mary Webster, born in 1845, is the wife of Paul Babcock, Jr., of Jersey City, N. J. Edwin W., born in 1857, is a member of the present Senior class in Dartmouth College. In 1864 Mrs. Sanborn died, and on the second day of January, 1868, he was married to Mrs. Sarah Fenton Clark of Detroit, Mich. THE ROBINS. BY WILL E. WALKER. Said a robin unto a robin, "Let us build a nest in this tree." Said in reply, the robin, "No, no! for cannot you see, "Tis near to the room of a student, And he our tormentor will be." Said the first bird unto the second, "I'll trust my welfare with him; I have heard his kind words to the children, As I sat on this favorite limb, And if he is kind to such rascals, Not a beam of our joy will he dim." So a nest was built by the robins; And throughout the sunshine of Spring, By their cheery, persistent labor, By the songs they were wont to sing, They encouraged and cheered the scholar, And new hopes to his heart did bring. For they taught him of love and duty, Would the wants of his soul relieve; And he loved and protected the robins, THE ORGANIC BASIS OF LAW. BY C. C. LORD. There is a story told of a miner who, laboring in a gold region, found a nugget of prodigious size-so huge it was impossible for him to move it by his own unaided strength. A model of selfishness, he sat down by his treasure, steadily refusing all assistance from those offering, for the consideration of a share in the proceeds, to help him carry his property where its value could be made actually available. At length, after protracted watching, the demands of hunger became so urgent that he was constrained to offer one-half of his prize to any one who would bring him but a single plate of beans—a wealth of gold for a morsel of cheap food. Law is the formula of human necessities. Its written and its rational embodiments are but the formulated expressions of the organic law implied in constitutional human nature. The more this principle is ignored in its collective aspects, the more severe is its reaction upon the individual consciousness. Organized society is a design for the easier fulfillment of the law of human necessities. The greater the degree in which the social design is effected without the assertion of the abstract consciousness of the individual, the greater is the popular sense of privilege; the greater the degree in which the arrogation of abstract individuality prevails in society, the greater is the sense of public misfortune. The organic basis of law suggests its inevitableness. Law cannot be escaped. This suggestion is profitable for the consideration of any aspiring to a realization of a state of lawlessness. Defiance of the forms and symbols of legally organized society will not displace law; it will only substitute civilized socialism by barbaric absolutism—the easier and more substantial for the harder and less sub stantial appeal of law. Herein is defined the principle that, working in the constitutional fabric of human society, has made every past communistic enterprise degenerate and die in the wrangle of selfcentered, individual interests. The processes of this degeneration and death are so revolting and painful, their bare contemplation affords all necessary instruction in regard to their true character. The necessity implied in the existence of law determines the extreme temporariness of all attempts at establishing and furthering an illegal status. It becomes us to contemplate the method of social restoration. This, too, is only an expression of the law of necessity. Inherent social adaptation creates a demand for adequate social supplies. The prodigal, who, taking his own portion of goods, leaves his father's house, to do business solely in the fulfillment of an accountability to individual selfhood, comes back again, starving, in rags and tatters. Herein is also involved an emphatically appropriate reflection. The returning social prodigal is even cravenly submissive to the active formulas of collective human life; having tasted the delusive sweets of abstract individualism, he pleads of rationally constituted society, Make me as one of thy hired servants." If society would avoid a bigoted aristocracy, let it first beware of a licensed democracy. The organic law of society cannot be rescinded; the attitude of human individual consciousness determines its enfranchising or enslaving character. The dual capacity of legal administration is illustrated by the difference between true manhood and real childhood, in that true manhood accepts voluntarily, and in part at least unconsciously, that to which real childhood submits only by constraint. True manhood is in a state of liberty; |