Orange, House of, in Netherlands, 331.
Oratory, the aesthetics of liberty, 112.
Oregon, formation of government in,
288.

Ostracism in Athens, number of votes
polled, 382.

Ouvriers, 345, and note.

PALEY, definition of liberty, 18.
View of penal law, 56, note. On
pardoning and punishment, 396.
Palmerston, Lord, on pardoning, and
his experience, 407.
Parliamentary law and usage, 148, et
seq. Parliamentary rules of proce-
dure, 152. Evil effects of their
want, 153. Vallette, Cushing, Ben-
tham on it (see these names), 155.
United States constitution gives full
right to settle them, to each house,
ib. Law of psychological reduplica-
tion, 156. Parliamentary govern-
ment derided in France, 244.
Parliamentary Liberty, see Civil Li-
berty.

Pardoning, a real vetitive power, 165.
Abuse of, 390, et seq. What the
pardoning privilege consists in,
390. It is a real veto, 391. So-called
vetoing power in modern times,
is none, ib. note. Origin of par-
doning power, 391, et seq. Despots
divest themselves of it, ib. Authors
against the power, especially Becca-
ria, 393, et seq. What the ancients
thought of it, ib. Why it is neces-
sary, 394. Shakspeare on danger of
pardoning, 395. Dangers of unli-
mited pardoning power, ib. et seq.
It unsettles reliance on, and supre-
macy of law, ib. It endangers, ib.
It interferes with reform of cri-
minals, ib. It induces persons to
meddle with punishment, who
know nothing about it, ib. It at-
tracts criminals and imports crime,
ib. It makes unpardoned sentences
unjust, ib. Dr. Paley's doctrine, 396.
It saddles neighbours with criminals,
ib. It grants arbitrary power, ib.
Proofs given, ib. De Beaumont
and de Tocqueville on pardoning in
the United States, 397. Mathew
Carey on it, ib. Wholesale pardon-
ing at this moment, 398, note. In-
structive official paper on pardon-
ing in Massachusetts, 398. Statis-
tics, ib. et seq. Those sentenced to
severest punishments stand best
chance to be pardoned, 399. Par-
doning for money, 398, note.
Recent document published by

Massachusetts convention, 399, note.
On averages, 400, et seq. Measures
proposed to remedy abuse of par-
doning, 401, et seq. Constitution
of French republic on pardoning,
403, note. Public attention not yet
directed to it, 403, and note. Resti-
tution distinct from pardoning,
406. Costliness of pardoning, 407.
Lord Palmerston's view and expe-
rience, ib. Pardoning in a county
in Pennsylvania for fifteen years,
408.

Paris, its influence in France, 352, et
seq. London and Paris compared,

354.

Party, government by, 119, et seq.
Passow's Greek Dictionary, ad verbum
Eleutheros, 21, note.
Passports, 79.

Pastoret, on pardoning power, 393.
Patience, learned by institutional self-
government, 313.

Peace, Justice of, French, 234.
Penal Trial, as guarantee of liberty,
53. Why so important, ib. Mon-
tesquieu's views, ib. Mittermaier's
view, 54. In England long without
counsel for prisoner, ib. Deficient
Austrian penal trial, 55, note. In
France, 55. What characterises a
good penal trial, 56. Paley's view
of penal law, ib. note. Govern-
ment in France can interfere with
it, 57, note. No one held to in-
criminate himself, 58. Prisoner
ought not to be asked, 59. Verdict
ought to be definite, 60. No man
tried twice, 61. French penal
trial, 182.

People, meaning of the term, 40.
Respectable meaning of the term
in England and United States, 307,

et seq.

Perreaus, not pardoned, 395.
Persigny's, minister, estimate of qua-
lified voters in France, 387.
Personal liberty, 43.

Petition, Right of, not denied to the
creature, 103. Chartist's petition,
102, note. An American statesman
treating it lightly, ib.
Petition of Rights, entire, 432.
Peuple-Roi, 344.

Peuple tout-puissant, 330.
Philips, conduct in defending Courvoi
sier, 203, note.

Pitt, Wm., the younger, anecdote
related by Duke of Wellington, re-
garding political self-reliance, 209.
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Pardoning
there for fifteen years, 408.

Pius IV., Pope, bull against commen-
taries of the decrees of Council of
Trent, 169, note.

Pius IX., Pope, calls the Italian rising
a Vox Dei, 368.
Plato, 29, 30.

Plutarch, influence in French revolu-
tion, 334, note.

Plutarchism and Rousseauism, 334,
note.

Police, English, 251, note; 130, note.
Police Governments, 251, note.
Polignac, charge against him on ac-
count of influencing elections, 144.
Political Judges, 185.

Pope, his interference in the Middle
Ages, 43.

Popular power is a reality, 328.
Population, basis of representation,
140.

Power, Burke on it, 331. Chatham
on the same, 332.
Power, popular, real; Monarchical,
lent, 329.

Power, prevention of its growth, 131.
Precedent, 171. Louis Napoleon said
to have created one for himself,
173.

President of United States' Senate,
149.

Presidential Election in United States,

380, and note. Proportion of ab-
stainers from voting, 386.

Press Law, English of 1647, 75. That
of Louis Napoleon, 76.
Press, Liberty of. See Communion,
Liberty of.

Preston, William C., Lieber's Letter
to him on International Copyright,
75.

Opinion on Law articles in
Encyclopædia Americana, 176, note.
Price, Dr. R., definition of Liberty, 12.
Property, 83, et seq. French Re-
public acknowledged it, 85, note.
Constitution of United States on
Property, 86. Judge Story and
Chief-Justice Marshall on it, ib.
note.

Property, basis of representation, 140,
et seq. What is really meant by
it, ib.
Propter vitam vivendi perdere cau-
sas, 211.

Proudhon says that no one less de-
mocratic than the people, 331.
Proverbs, are they the voice of God?
368.

Prussia, Frederic of, on multitudes
submitting to one, 332. See Fre-
deric of Prussia.

Prussia, King of, on Unity of Power,
123, note.

Psephisma, 314.

Public Debt, English, not created by
William III., 117.

Public Funds, despots want the con-
trol over it, 225.

Publicity, 106, et seq. What it con-
sists in, ib. Evil effect of much
writing, 107. Public from publicus,
populicus, 108. Opinion of a French
statesman on its want, ib. No law
insuring it in courts of justice, 109.
Nor that of congress, ib. Nor
that of parliament, ib. When for

the first time officially established,
110. Connexion with liberty, 112.
All governments hostile to liberty
-hostile to publicity, ib. Despots
hate it, 229.

QUARTERING soldiers, 94, et seq.
English Bill of rights, ib. Declara-
tion of independence, 97.

RAIKES, Charles, Notes on North-
western India, 106.

Ranke, Historian, 82.

Rapp, General, opinion on Napoleon,
126, note.

Raumer, Diplomacy of Europe, 332.
Rawle, on Constitution of the United
States, 221, note.

Reduplication, Law of Physiological,
156.

Representative Government, 133, et
seq. Evolves public opinion, 133,
Prevents centralization, ib. Is of
substantive value, 134. Trustees
feel their responsibility, 136. Ne-
cessity of union of estates into a
national government, 137. General
representative government neces-
sary besides local self-government,
138. Basis of representation, 139.
Direct and double elections, 141.
Necessary rules and principles, 142.
Frequency of parliament, 145. Pro-
tection of members, 146. Parlia-
mentary law and usage, 148, et seq.
Republic, what does it consist in
with reference to Mormons, 82.
Republic, French, the constitution of
1848 entire, 486.

Repudiation, 87. Sir A. Alison on it,
ib. note. Refuted, ib.
Responsible ministers, 128 et seq.
Responsibility, personal, of officers.
See Officers personally responsible.
Revolutions, unavoidable before
liberty can be established in monar-
chies, 325.

Reward of prosecutors, 62.

Robespierre, dictum as to what go
vernment ought to be, 228. Read
Rousseau daily, 334, note.
Romans refusing to enlist, operated
like English refusal of supplies,
116. Endeavour to give moral
consistency to declarations of war,
341, note.

Roman Emperor, absolute, why, 31.
Rome perishing of political bank-
ruptcy, 136.

Romilly, Sir Samuel, against judges
asking prisoners, 58. Intention of
proposing a bill of compensation,
62. On lawyers, 204, note. Against
judges sitting in the Commons,
185. On evil effects of want of
parliamentary rules in French con-
stituent assemblies, 153.
Rousseau against division of power,

122. Contrat Social, 333. Against
division of power, ib. His influence
on French Revolution, ib.
Rousseauism, see Rousseau.
Russell, Lord John. History of Eng-

lish Government and Constitution,
19, note. A sentiment of his, 46.

true ends, 211. Propter vitam
vivendi perdere causas, ib. De
Tocqueville on inability of French
to rule themselves, although they
have had so many revolutions, 212.
Institutional self-government, 277,
et seq. Local self-government,
279. Bye-laws, important and cha-
racteristic of self-government, ib. et
seq. Essential effects of institu-
tional self-government, 282, et seq.
Love of institutions, 283. It makes

obedience easy, 285. English

In-

revolution left most institutions
untouched, 288. Formation of
government in Oregon, ib.
ability of the French to establish
governments, 289. Why the Dutch
did not establish governments in
foreign parts, 290, note. England
the mother of republics, 290. As-
similative power of institutional
self-government, 291, et seq. Sta-
bility of this government, 292.
Napoleon I. quoted, ib. note.
Political fashions prevented by it,
293. Liberty a thing that grows in
institutions, 294. Louis Napoleon's
saying that liberty does not found
states, ib. Dangers of institutional
self-government, 215, et seq. Self-
government must always be ade-
quate to the executive, 296.
Liberty requires union, ib. Dema-
gogues, 298. Importance of con-
stitution depends on institutions,
299. Love of effete institutions,
300. Advantages of institutional
government, 306, et seq. High
meaning of the term people, under
such government, 307. It breaks
the shocks which occur in central-
ized countries, 309. Institutional
self-government concentrates the
attention of the people on domestic
matters, 311. Patience learned by
it, 313. It is the only government
which prevents the growth of too
much power, 318, et seq. Multi-
plied veto no safeguard, 319. It
causes longevity of states, 321, et
seq. It makes wealth and liberty
compatible, 322. Insecurity of
uninstitutional states, 324, et seq.
See Autonomy.
Self-Incrimination, 58.
Self-Taxation, 86.

Senate, French, 234. Russian, 235.
Senatus Consultum, on the French
empire to be erected, 531.
Sending for persons and papers, 151.
Septennial Bill, 144.

Sewell, Christian Politics, 265, note.
Shakers, 163, note.
Shakspeare on pardoning, 395.
Sheriff, personally responsible, 92.
Sidney, Algernon, 17.
Siege, State of, 90.
Silence, Liberty of, 76.

Smith, Joseph, founder of Mormons,
273.

Smith, T. Tomlin, on local self-go-

vernment, 278, note.

Socialists, fear of, in France, 359.
Socrates's favourite saying, 294, note.
Soldiers, quartering of, 94, et seq.
South Carolina, number of votes
polled, 385.

Sovereign, every Frenchman declared
to be one, 253, note.

Sovereignty, what it consists in, 122.
Sovereignty, Imperatorial, 325, et
seq.

Sparta, why preferred by ancient phi-
losophers, 326.
Speaker, 148, et seq.

Sprenger's Malleus Maleficarum, 365.
Ssanang Ssetsen Changsaidshi, trans-
lated by I. J. Schmidt, 340, and
note.

Standing armies, 95. Constitution of
the United States, 96. Declaration
of Independence on them, 97. In-
jurious spirit they engender, 98,
et seq. Short appropriations, 99.
Ought they to have the right to
vote? ib. Must not be deliberative
bodies, ib.

State, meaning of the word, when
England was a republic, 27, note.
State of siege, 90.

St. Just, 297, 321, note.
Story, Judge, on Treason, 66.

On

Property, 86, note. Commentary
on the Constitution of United States,
152. Opinion on the importance of
parliamentary usage, &c., 157. On
Codification, 170. Contributions
to Encyclopædia Americana, 176.
Strictly abstained from politics,
when judge, 186.

Supremacy of the Law, 88, et seq.
Supplies, in England, 116.

Suspension of Habeas Corpus Act in
England, 90.

Sweden, four estates, 244.
Switzerland, 42.

TAXATION, 83, et seq.; 114, et seq.
Federalist on it, ib.
Test-Oaths in England, 81.
Theo-democratic government of Mor-
mons, 82.

Three Houses or more, mischief of,
160.

Tittman, F. W., Grecian Polities, 15.
Tocqueville, De, opinion that the
French always look toward the
central government, although they
change it so often, 212. On par-
doning in United States, 397.
Townsend's History of House of Com-
mons, 151. Modern State Trials,
203, note.

Treason. Absolutists against a fair
and regular trial for treason, 230.
Trench, on Proverbs, 367, 368.
Trial by Jury, 191, et seq. Division
of judicial labour, ib. Guarantee of
liberty, ib. Best school for the citizen.
Doubts on its benefits, 192. Chat-
ham's opinion, ib. Declaration of
Independence on it, ib. The advan-
tages of it, enumerated, 192, 193.
Juries of experts, 198, note. Hallam
on it, 196. Against unanimity, ib.
To Locke, 197. Absolutists against
it, 230.
Tribune, Roman; his vetitive power,
164.

Troplong, his opinion that democracy
in Rome victorious in the emperors,
338. Report on petitions to change
the republic into an empire, in the
French Senate, 518.

Two Houses, mischief of three houses,

157, et seq. Dr. Franklin's opinion,
158, note. Odillon Barrot's, 158.
Lamartine's, ib. and note on, 159.
Their great advantage, 160.
Types and Printing Presses, free sale
of, prohibited by Louis Napoleon,
225.