we deem our duty, without reference to the question whether it be popular or unpopular."

Mr. Chapman was an editor of the Practice in Civil Actions, and Proceedings at Law in Massachusetts, by Hon. Judge Samuel Howe, published in 1834. His talents, education and eloquence, made him conspicuous in this community, says Dr. Putnam; while the integrity of his character, the unfeigned kindness of his manners, and his generous, frank and magnanimous spirit, won for him an unusual degree of affection and confidence. Perhaps it was without precedent, that so young a man should be called to preside over the municipal affairs of so large a population; and yet, Mr. Chapman's administration was as much distinguished for calm discretion in emergencies, and a careful financial economy, as for the grace and felicity with which he presided and spoke on public occasions. He steadily shunned political preferment, because he feared that its excitement might be unfavorable to that moral tranquillity and health which he prized above everything. His chief delight was in his home; and it is as seated there that we would prefer to draw his portrait, if we were permitted. His sunny face, his warm heart and candid speech, bound his friends to him with a singular strength of attachment. He was a temperate advocate of the temperance cause, and delivered an address for the Young Men's Temperance Society of Boston, in 1832. Mr. Chapman died at Boston, May 25, 1848, aged forty-one years.

HUBBARD WINSLOW.

JULY 4, 1838. FOR THE CITY AUTHORITIES.

Was born at Williston, Vt., and graduated at Yale College in 1825. He was a student in divinity at Yale and at Andover. He was settled as pastor of the First Church at Dover, Dec. 4, 1828, and was dismissed Nov. 3, 1831. He married Susan, daughter of Hon. Pliny Cutler, of Boston. He became the pastor of Bowdoin-street Church, and successor to Rev. Lyman Beecher, D. D., Sept. 26, 1832, which station he resigned March, 1844. The oration at the head of this article was on the means of the perpetuity of our republic, and is a liberal and enlightened performance. Mr. Winslow is a useful and

efficient member of the city school committee, and principal of a female school of elevated character. During his ministry, he was a devoted pastor, a persuasive preacher, of fervid imagination, and fine classical attainments. Among his publications are the Young Man's Aid, which has been reprinted in England and Scotland; Sermons on Christian Doctrines; Discourses on the Doctrine of the Trinity; Social and Domestic Duties; Are you a Christian? Self-examination, reprinted in Scotland; and the Elements of Intellectual Philosophy, a work of sound principles.

WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON.

JULY 4, 1838. FOR THE MASSACHUSETTS ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY.

Dis

WAS born at Newburyport, Mass., Dec. 10, 1805, and was son of Capt. Abijah Garrison, who was a West India trader, a good navigator, and a poet. His mother was Fanny Lloyd, a lady of superior intellect, whose hair, when it was unbound, like that of Godiva, fell around her like a veil. His father dying when he was very young, William was employed in the family of Dea. Ezekiel Bartlett, and sent to the grammar-school. His mother removed to Lynn, where he was apprenticed to a shoemaker, from whence she removed to Baltimore. liking the cobbler's last, Dea. Bartlett sent him to a cabinet-maker, in Haverhill; which was also so irksome an employment, that at last the printing-office was esteemed best for him, and he was sent to the Newburyport Herald, where, enjoying advantages of mental culture, he became very happy, and was an anonymous correspondent of Mr. Allen, the editor, until he was discovered by Hon. Caleb Cushing, who was at that time in active legal practice, and a temporary editor of that paper. At this period, William originated an Apprentices' Debating Society; and, during the absence of the editor at Alabama, he conducted the Herald, being then but nineteen years old. William, having completed his term with Mr. Allen, in December, 1825, visited his dear mother at Baltimore, who shortly after deceased; and he returned to his native town, where he established "The Free Press," a journal which soon failed, for want of patronage. With a heavy heart, Mr. Garrison proceeded to Boston, and was employed in the office of David Lee Child, editor of the Massachusetts Journal. In 1827 he was

employed in the office of the National Philanthropist, edited by Rev. William Collier, a tender-hearted philanthropist, whom he succeeded.

During this period, the mind of Mr. Garrison was absorbed in an abolition paper,-The Genius of Universal Emancipation,— published at Baltimore, conducted by the benevolent Benjamin Lundy. In 1828 he removed to Bennington, Vt., and established "The Spirit of the Times," a journal devoted to the support of John Quincy Adams to the presidency, at the same time espousing the cause of abolition. So intense was his ardor for emancipation, that Benjamin Lundy persuaded him to devote his talents to the journal at Baltimore, as being a wider field of labor, whither he removed in 1829. Here Garrison became so tenacious for the doctrine of Immediatism, that Lundy's banner of Gradualism was lowered, and the slave-holders determined to crush the paper by law. Garrison was fined, and imprisoned one month, when he was liberated by a kind stranger. Soon after his release, he became an advocate for the American Colonization Society; but, believing that this institution recognized the right of property in the colored race, he renounced its interests. It may be proper to state here, that Mr. Garrison gave an address, July 4, 1829, at Park-street Church, Boston, in behalf of the claims of the colonization enterprise; and this was probably his last appeal for that object.

Mr. Garrison, in company with Isaac Knapp, established, Jan. 1, 1831, the Liberator, at Boston; which, for several years, was issued from an upper room in the Merchants' Hall, on Water-street. It was here that the first Anti-slavery Society in America was originated by William Lloyd Garrison, consisting of only twelve members. In 1832 he published his Thoughts on American Colonization,— a production denouncing its object, comprising two hundred and forty pages, and an address on the progress of the abolition cause. The Liberator, by its great zeal and tenacity, so highly inflamed the public mind, that its editor was denied membership to the Boston Debating Society; and the Governor of Georgia offered a reward of five thousand dollars for the head of Garrison, and the enactment of that State has never been repealed. We here furnish a copy of this document:

"Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Georgia, in general assembly met, that the sum of five thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated to be paid to any per

son, or persons, who shall arrest, bring to trial, and prosecute to conviction under the laws of this State, the editor or publisher of a certain paper called the Liberator, published in the town of Boston and State of Massachusetts; or who shall arrest, bring to trial, and prosecute to conviction under the laws of this State, any other person, or persons, who shall utter, publish or circulate, within the limits of this State, said paper, called the Liberator, or any other paper, circular, pamphlet, letter or address, of a seditious character:

"And that His Excellency the Governor is hereby authorized and requested to issue his warrant upon the treasurer for said sum of five thousand dollars, in favor of any person, or persons, who shall have arrested and brought to trial, and prosecuted to conviction under the laws of this State, the editor or publisher of the Liberator; or who shall have arrested and brought to trial, or prosecuted to conviction under the laws of this State, any other person, or persons, who shall utter, publish or circulate, within the limits of this State, said paper called the Liberator; or any other paper, circular, pamphlet, letter or address, of a seditious character; and that these resolutions be inserted in the appropriation act. And Resolved further, That His Excellency the Governor cause the foregoing resolutions to be published in the public journals of this State, and such other papers as he may think proper, and pay for the publication thereof out of the contingent fund.

"Approved Dec. 26, 1831.

"WILSON LUMPKIN, Governor."

This proclamation widely extended the notoriety of Garrison, and tended to greatly increase the number of his followers. In 1833 he visited England, where he was cordially welcomed by Clarkson, Wilberforce, Buxton, Macaulay, Mary Howitt, Harriet Martineau, and other philanthropists, many of whom signed a protest against the American Colonization Society. He returned to New York; and, on his arrival, placards were posted around the city, inviting a public meeting, "to hurry him to the tar-kettle." Mr. Garrison married Eliza, a daughter of George Benson, of Brooklyn, Conn., Sept. 4, 1834.

Soon after the arrival of George Thompson at Boston, in September, 1835, a gallows was erected, one night, directly opposite the dwelling of Mr. Garrison, with two ropes suspended therefrom, and on the crossbar was this inscription,-"Judge Lynch's Law." One of the ropes

was intended for Thompson, and the other for Garrison. On the 21st day of October following occurred that memorable outrage of an infuriated populace, which has ineffaceably stained the noble city of Boston. There had existed for a period here a Female Anti-slavery Society. The president of this little party, Miss Mary Parker, had announced a meeting to take place in the Anti-slavery Hall, No. 46 Washingtonstreet, on Oct. 21, P. M., when several addresses might be expected on the occasion. It was anticipated that George Thompson would be one of the speakers; but, that there might be no pretext for disturbance, he left the city before the meeting. Various newspapers denounced the meeting, shopkeepers petitioned the city authorities against it, placards were posted in the streets, and a reward of one hundred dollars offered to any one who would be first to convey Thompson to the tarkettle. A great concourse of people filled the hall, before the time of meeting, on that day; and, notwithstanding the excitement, the meeting was called to order by the presiding lady, who read a portion of Scripture, and offered up a fervent prayer, soon after which, the ladies withdrew, amid the abuse of the populace. Mr. Garrison, who had conducted his young wife to this meeting, was observed by the populace, who, disappointed at not finding George Thompson, the more immediate object of their wrath, resolved forthwith to seize him, exclaiming, "Garrison is here! We must have Garrison! Out with him! Lynch him!" For a moment, their attention was diverted to the destruction of the anti-slavery sign, when Mayor Lyman earnestly besought him to effect his escape from the rear of the building. Preceded by a devoted friend, Mr. John R. Cambell, Mr. Garrison dropped from a back window on to a shed, and narrowly escaped falling headlong to the ground. We will conclude this narrative in the language of Mr. Garrison: "We entered into a carpenter's shop [kept by Luke Brown], through which we attempted to get into Wilson's Lane, but found our retreat cut off by the mob. They raised a shout as soon as we came in sight; but the proprietor promptly closed the door of his shop, kept them at bay for a time, and thus kindly afforded me an opportunity to find some other passage. I told Mr. Cambell it would be futile to attempt to escape. I would go out to the mob, and let. them deal with me as they might elect; but he thought it was my duty to avoid them as long as possible. We then went up stairs; and, finding a vacancy in one corner of the room, I got into it, and he and a young lad [John Bolan] piled up some boards in front of me, to shield me