shoulder-joint, with complete success. The third course was given in the year 1782, at the Molineux House, located on Beacon-street, opposite the north side of the State-house. This, or a preceding course, was delivered at the request of the Boston Medical Society, when Harvard students attended. Dr. Warren was founder of the medical institution of Harvard University, arising from these lectures; and, on the request of President Willard, originated the plan for the present medical institution, which was organized in the year 1783, when three professors were inducted. Dr. Warren was at that time appointed Professor of Anatomy and Surgery: and efficiently performed the duties of that station until his decease. In the year 1806, Dr. John C. Warren, his son, was appointed adjunct professor on the same foundation, and continued in the discharge of the office during the period of forty years. Many a student, to the last day of life, has heartily responded to the fervent tribute of Susanna Rowson, to the memory of Dr. John Warren, which may be applied to the son with like effect : "How sweet was the voice that instructed our youth! What wisdom, what science, that voice could impart ! In 1784, he established the small-pox hospital, at Point Shirley. In 1804, he was elected President of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and was ever viewed as the Magnus Apollo, the life and soul, of that institution. He was president, also, of the Massachusetts Humane, Massachusetts Agricultural, and the Massachusetts Medical societies, of the last of which he was an originator, in 1783. Dr. Warren was of middling stature; an elevated forehead, black eyes, aquiline nose, and hair retreating from the forehead, gave an air of dignity to his polished manners, inspired by intercourse with officers from France. As a lecturer, his voice was most harmoniously sonorous, his utterance distinct and full, and his language perspicuous. His perception was quick and acute, his imagination lively and strong, his actions prompt and decided. The rapidity in all his intellectual operations constituted a very striking trait in his character. Dr. Warren died April 14, 1815, at his residence in School-street, of an inflammation of the lungs, in connection with an organic disease which had long affected his system. His remains are deposited under St. Paul's Church, beside those of his brother, Gen. Joseph Warren. In 1782, Dr. Warren delivered a Charge to the Masons, on the festival of St. John the Baptist; and, in 1813, he published a View of Mercurial Practice in Febrile Disease. A eulogy on Dr. Warren was pronounced by Dr. James Jackson, April 4, 1815, before the Massachusetts Medical Society; and another eulogy was delivered by Josiah Bartlett, for the Massachusetts Grand Lodge. President Quincy, in the History of Harvard University, remarks of Dr. Warren, that he "has just claims to be ranked among the distinguished men of our country, for his spirit as a patriot, his virtues as a man, and his preeminent surgical skill. The qualities of his heart, as well as of his mind, endeared him to his contemporaries." BENJAMIN HICHBORN. JULY 4, 1784. FOR THE TOWN AUTHORITIES. THE quotation herewith, from this patriotic oration on the union of the States, and the dangers of an increased territory in this republic, comes upon us at this period with great power. "The American States," says Hichborn, "seem by nature to have such an intimate connection, that necessity will oblige them to be close friends, or the most inveterate enemies. Friends they may be for ages, but cannot long exist in a state of war with each other. Separated only by mathematical or imaginary lines, a very small superiority of force in either must be fatal to the neighborhood. Every acquisition will render the victorious party more irresistible; and in proportion as the conquerors advance, the power of opposing them will be lessened, till the whole are subdued by a rapacious discontented part. But experience having taught us that the force of government is generally lessened in proportion to the extent of territory over which it is to be exerted, we must expect, in a country like this, inhabited by men too sensible of their rights to rest easy under a control founded in fraud and supported by oppression, that discontent will break out in every quarter, till, by the clashing of various powers, a new division of territory will take place, which must soon be succeeded with fresh quarrels, similar to those which disturbed the original tranquillity. Thus this happy land, formed for the seat of freedom and resort of the distressed, may, like other countries, in her turn, become a prey to the restless temper of her own inhabitants. But should any of the States, pressed by unequal force, call in the aid of some foreign power, the consequences must be equally ruinous. A demand of foreign aid in one State will produce a similar application from another, till America becomes the common theatre on which all the warlike powers on earth shall be engaged. But since this combined force, without an adequate power somewhere to give it a proper direction, can only operate like a mass of unanimated matter to check and destroy the natural activity of the body from whence it originates, it becomes an object of the last importance to form some great continental arrangements." JOHN GARDINER. JULY 4, 1785. FOR THE TOWN AUTHORITIES. THE nervous and comprehensive oration of John Gardiner, showing a relation of some of the historical causes of the Revolution, states that an event occurred in the fifth year of Queen Anne, of vast importance to this country. "A statute was passed for the union of the two kingdoms of England and Scotland; by the fourth article of which, it is declared that all the subjects of the United Kingdom shall have full freedom of trade and navigation to any port within the United Kingdom, and the dominions thereto belonging; and that there should be a communication of all other rights which belonged to the subjects of either kingdom. By this article, our tender, nursing mother, as she has most falsely and impudently been called, without consulting our legislative bodies, or asking the consent of any one individual of our countrymen, assumed upon herself to convey, as stock in trade, one full undivided moiety of all the persons, and all the estates and property, of the freemen of America, to an alien, who will prove a harsh, cruel, and unrelenting stepmother. Then, too much blinded with foolish affection for that country whose oppressions had forced our stern, free-minded progenitors into these remote regions of the world, -into an howling and a savage wilderness,-like children not yet attained to the years of reason and discretion, who inconsiderately suppose their parent ever in the right, our predecessors sat quiet under the arbitrary disposition, nor once murmured aloud at the unnatural, and to us iniquitous, transaction. "Our new parent, Great Britain, then made our kings, appointed our governors, and kindly sent many of her needy sons to live upon the fruits of our toil; to reap where neither she nor they had sown, and to fill the various offices which she had generally created here, for her and their own emolument. Every twentieth cousin of an alehousekeeper, who had a right of voting in the election of a member of Parliament, was cooked up into a gentleman, and sent out here commissioned to insult the hand that gave him daily bread. Although greatly displeased with these injurious proceedings, we submitted to the harsh hand of our unfeeling, selfish stepmother, nor once remonstrated against these, her unjust, her cruel usurpations." John, son of Dr. Sylvester Gardiner, was born at Boston, in the year 1731. He was in early life sent to England, and entered on the study of law at the Inner Temple. He was admitted to practice in the courts of Westminster Hall, and became an intimate friend of Churchill, the famous poet. Whilst reading law in the Temple, he formed an acquaintance with Lord Mansfield, with whom he became a favorite; and, having the assurance of his patronage, he commenced legal practice, with every prospect of rising in England to considerable eminence. But, being eccentric in character, fearless and independent in action, he adopted Whig principles, and, to the surprise of Lord Mansfield, appeared as junior counsel in the famous case of John Wilkes, the reformer; and argued with success in the defence of Beardmore and Meredith, who, for writings in support of Wilkes, had been imprisoned on a general warrant. His zeal on this occasion blasted all hope of favor from court or Tory influence. In reference to Mr. Gardiner's efforts in these trials, there now remains in the possession of William H. Gardiner, his grandson, and a counsellor-at-law, a valuable and beautiful piece of plate, bearing this inscription: "Pro libertate semper strenuus.' "To John Gardiner, Esq., this waiter is presented by Arthur Beardmore, as a small token of gratitude, for pleading his cause, and that of his clerk, David Meredith, against the Earl of Halifax, then Secretary of State, for false imprisonment, under his warrant, commonly called a Secretary of State's warrant, that canker of English liberty.-1766." He practised a period at South Wales, Haverford West, where he married Margaret Harris. Their eldest son, John Sylvester John, was born June, 1765, in Haverford West, and educated under the tuition of the celebrated Dr. Samuel Parr, in England. In 1766, Mr. Gardiner was appointed chief-justice of the province of New York, which was declined. Mr. Gardiner, having been appointed attorney-general in the island of St. Christopher, removed his family to the West Indies, where he continued until the close of the American Revolution, in 1783, when he removed his family to Boston, where he soon became an eminent barrister-at-law, and distinguished himself by the highly learned oration pronounced July 4, 1785. The notes at the end of this production, exceeding in matter the text, are of great historic value. In the next year, Mr. Gardiner settled at Pownalboro', Maine, where he was elected a representative to the Massachusetts Legislature, and was an ardent advocate for the abolition of special pleading, but was defeated. He effected, however, an abolition of the law of primogeniture. On Jan. 26, 1792, Mr. Gardiner strenuously vindicated the establishment of the Boston Theatre, in the Legislature, and was decidedly opposed by Samuel Adams and Harrison Gray Otis. His speech was published, and was entitled "The Expediency of Repealing the Law against Theatrical Exhibitions." This essay elicited from a Roman Catholic priestone John Thayer some strictures on what he viewed to be "not solid arguments." Mr. Gardiner replied, over the signature of Barebones, with great warmth and bitterness. The controversy continued for some time, and originated the following epigram: "Thayer squibs at Gardiner, Gardiner bangs at Thayer,— A contest quite beneath the public care; Each calls the other fool, and rails so long, "T is hard to say that either 's in the wrong." This production is probably the most scholastic argument in defence of the stage ever written by an American; and it was in this speech that Charles Jarvis was first termed "the towering bald eagle of the Boston seat." "If the door be opened to the repeal of the act against the stage," " said Gardiner, "there can be no doubt but that, in time, |