FIG. 104.

FIG. 105.

Three-fingered.

Five-fingered.

FIVE-FINGERED.-A digitate leaf with five fingers

or leaflets.

FIG. 106.

FIG. 107.

Seven-fingered.

Twice Three-fingered.

SEVEN-FINGERED.-A digitate leaf with seven

fingers or leaflets. Fig. 106.

FIG. 108.

Parts?

SCHEDULE ELEVEN, DESCRIBING FIG. 108.

Petiole, Rachis, Leaflets.

NOTE. This is the last leaf-schedule. With the next chapter we begin the study of the stem. But we must still in some way pursue the study of leaf-forms, if we would render permanent the knowledge we have already acquired. An observation is by no means a mental possession as soon as it is made. True knowledge is always a growth requiring time; and observations have not only to be made, but to be repeated, and

FREE. When not united with any other part.
ADNATE. When they grow to the petiole.

the facts knit into their places, to make them reliable mental possessions. Understanding a thing is but the first step toward its real acquirement. A succession of frequent observations is necessary to induce familiarity with objects, and there must also be a recurrence to them—a revival of impressions after considerable intervals of time. It is possible to have an intense familiarity with things observed, by occupying the whole consciousness with them for a short time, but effects thus produced are not lasting. We shall, therefore, continue our observations of leaves, and record them upon the stemschedule. Pupils who have been diligent in the use of the

If any of the distinctions among compound leaves bother very young pupils, let the observation of such be omitted for the present.

preceding schedules, ought now to be able to describe leaves without their aid. Exercise XX. consists of two descriptions, in which the schedule questions are omitted. The order of description which has all along been followed will naturally have become the order of thought with pupils, and the prompt

FIG. 113.

EXERCISE XX.

FIG. 114.

LEAF (Fig. 113).—Simple, petiolate, stipulate, netveined, feather-veined, entire, abruptly acuminate, broadly oval; petiole, short, bordered by the blade; stipules, free.

LEAF (Fig. 114).-Compound, petiolate, stipulate, unequally pinnate, number of leaflets, 5; leaflets, petiolate, feather-veined, serrate, ovate; stipules, adnate.

ing of questions is now unnecessary.

They have answered

their purpose if they have led to a knowledge of the parts of leaves and their most important modifications of form. When this is done, it will be much more important that the pupil be unassisted in making descriptions than that he be always methodical and correct.

For pupils that are old enough to punctuate their descriptions, the following rule will be useful:-1. Separate adjectives relating to the same noun, by commas; 2. Parts of the same organ, by semicolons; 3. Distinct organs, by a period.