Grey, Lady Jane, claims to the throne, ii.
132; used by Northumberland, 132, 134;
execution, 132.

Grindal, Archbishop, sequestered, ii. 172;
succeeded, 172.
Grocyn, ii. 34.

Gualo, papal legate, i. 393, 394, 396.

Guest, Dr. M. J., on the origin of London,
i. 117.

Guizot, M., quoted, i. 6; on representation,

14; on Christianity in fourth and fifth cen-
turies, 82; on the Germania of Tacitus, 91,
92; on Old-English institutions, 173; on
royal jurisdiction, 316.
Gunpowder, invention of, its results, i. 568.
Gunpowder plot, ii. 224.

HABEAS CORPUS, resolutions concerning, ii.
267, 268; Habeas Corpus Act, 380, 382,
383; writ of, issued from king's bench,
381; inadequacy of the writ of, 381, 382;
failure of attempt to deliver Eliot and
others by, 382; writ not to be used in
colonies, 383.

Hale, Sir Matthew, on the legislation of Ed-
ward I., i. 413.

Halifax, Lord. See Charles Montague.
Hall, Arthur, expelled by house of commons,

ii. 203.

Hamilton, Alexander, i. 62, 66, 71.

Hamilton, Duke of, refused a seat in the
house of lords, ii. 542.

Hampden, John, opposes use of ship-writs,
ii. 289, 290; becomes a national leader,
290; judgment against, annulled, 305;
energy in strengthening the army, 325;
death, 325.

Hampton Court, conference, ii. 218.
Hanover, house of, source of its title, ii. 422;
question of the succession on the death of
Anne, 449, 450.

Harcourt, Sir William, measure to reform
the government of greater London, ii. 570,
571.

Harold, son of Godwine, elected king, i. 217,
229; victorious at Stamfordbridge, 230;
marches to London, 230; disabled by
treachery of Eadwine and Morkere, 230;
defeated and killed at Senlac, 230.
Harold, son of Cnut, i. 216.

Harold Hardrada, his invasion of England,

i. 230; killed at Stamfordbridge, 230.
Harthacnut, son of Cnut, i. 227, 256.
Hastings, Warren, impeachment, ii. 457.
Hatfield, battle of, i. 157, 158, 162.

Haxey, Sir Thomas, his will, i. 510, 511, 522.
Health, creation of boards of, ii. 582; Public
Health Act of 1875, 582, 583; creation of
sanitary districts, 583.

Hearth-money, origin, resistance to its impo-
sition, and its repeal, ii. 362.

Heiresses, baronial, privileges of, i. 436.

Henrietta Maria, Queen, question of her im-
peachment, ii. 315; urges the king to arrest
the five members, 315; solicits foreign aid,
319.

Henry I., invigorates local courts, i. 255, 275,
305; his accession, 272; his charter, 273,
425; his policy and marriage, 273; minis-
terial nobility created by, 274; organization
of the curia regis under, 274, 301, 335, 447;
arranges the succession of Matilda, 275;
controversy of investiture under, 347; laws
of, reintroduced by Geoffrey Fitz-Peter,
376.

Henry II, system of itinerant judicature
under, i. 206, 247, 258, 447; his treaty with
Stephen, 277; his accession, 283; reorgan-
izes the curia regis, 274, 280, 283, 301, 302;
institutes scutage, 283, 284, 296; his policy
of reform, 284; his conflict with the clergy,
284; his dispute with Thomas of Canter-
bury, 285; their second quarrel, 286; his
Constitutions of Clarendon, 287-289, 340;
taxation under, 296-298, 358, 359, 362, 451;
introduces recognitions into England, 329;
organization of the national council under,
352, 432; practice of summons under, 352,
433, 434; anti-feudal policy, 407, 565; insti-
tutes the principle of the supremacy of the
law, ii. 3; institutes scutage, 7; imposes
the Saladin tithe, 8.

Henry III., his accession, i. 394; constitu-
tional results of his minority, 394, 397, 498.
542; his personal rule, 397; marries Eleanor
of Provence, 398; papal influence on, 398;
conflicts under, 398 et seq.; rising of the
barons against, 400; his submission, 400;
civil war against, 402; taken prisoner, 402;
his death, 405; his work at Westminster
Abbey and palace, 477; regency consti-
tuted, ii. 109.

Henry IV., as duke of Hereford, his quarrel
with the duke of Norfolk, i. 512; banished,
and estates confiscated, 512; lands in
Yorkshire, 512; claims the crown. 513,
535; his elevation the result of a parlia-
mentary revolution, 513, 536; his relations
with the church, 537; growth of the power
of the commons under, 540.

Henry V., his conquests and death, i. 552.
Henry VI., his minority, i. 552; parliamen-

tary regency established, 553, ii. 110; mar-
ries Margaret of Anjou, i. 555; attack of
imbecility, 557; taken prisoner, 558; his
answer to Richard of York's claim to the
crown, 558.

Henry VII., as earl of Richmond, his claim
to the crown, i. 584; his first attempt of in-
vasion, 584; lands at Milford Haven, 588;
victorious at Bosworth, 588; expands the
criminal jurisdiction of the king's council,
ii. 24; succeeds to the policy of Edward
IV., 18; his declaration of right to the

throne, 21; parliament declares his title
parliamentary, 23; urged to marry Elizabeth
of York, 23; act for security of the subject,
23; causes execution of Warbeck and Ed-
ward Plantagenet, 23; statute establishing
a separate committee of the king's council
to try criminal cases, 25; summons few par-
liaments, 29; revives benevolences, 29; feu-
dal exactions, 29; his treasure, 30; motives
of his legislation, 30; act increasing the
authority of the justices of the peace, 30;
the statute of fines, 30; the navigation act,
31; patent to John Cabot, 32; progress of
the New Learning under, 34; his marriage
alliances, 37, 38; idea on the union of
Scotland and England, 38; extinguishes
the system of liveries, 195, 196; use of an
inner council, 368.

Henry VIII., ii. 29; advance of the New
Learning under, 34; betrothed to Catharine
of Aragon, 38; obstacles to the union, 38;
Julius II. grants dispensation for marriage,
38; secretly protests against the validity
of his marriage, 39; accession to the
crown, 39; his character, 39; marries
Catharine, 40; Holy League alliance, 41,
42; money grants made to, by parliament,
clergy, and laity, 41; deserted by his allies,
42; enters French and Spanish war, 44;
summons the parliament of 1523, 45; pub-
lishes a reply to Luther, 50; given the title
of Defender of the Faith by Pope Leo, 50;
absence of male heir, 53; his divorce from
Catharine referred to Rome, 54; influenced
by Cromwell to break with the papacy, 60;
his divorce the mainspring of the break
with Rome, 61; uses parliament in his
struggle with Rome, 61; unpopularity of
his divorce from Catharine, 62; objects to
dual allegiance of clergy, 63; released from
his debts, 64; sends a mission to Charles
V., 64; divorce question submitted to the
universities, 65; banishes Catharine from
the royal palace, 67; secretly marries Anne
Boleyn, 70; final breach with the pope, 74;
declared head of the church, 75; appoints
Cromwell vicar-general, 77; married to
Jane Seymour, 84; given the right to dis-
pose of the crown, 84; attempts to concili-
ate the Lutherans, 87, 88; gains little per-
manent benefit from the suppression of
the monasteries, 91; dictates to parliament
the Statute of the Six Articles, 91; perse-
cution of protestants, 92; motives for a
Lutheran alliance, 93; marries Anne of
Cleves, 94; dissolution of marriage, 94;
execution of Catharine Howard, 101; mar-
ries Catharine Parr, 101; realizes the ex-
tent of his breach with the papacy, 102;
appeals for religious toleration, 103; dis-
position of the succession by will, 108;
constitutes a council of regency, 108; death

of, 108; method of governing the church,
173, 174; office of secretary under, 178;
forced recruiting, 198; assumes the gov-
ernment of the church, 206; effort to regu-
late the succession by will not sanctioned
by the people, 211.

Heptarchic kingdoms, united under Wessex,

11. I.

Heraldry, i. 567; its court, 568.
Heresy, punishment of, i.
537; statutes
against, 539, 540, 572; statutory definitions
of, ii. 116, 146; statutes upon the subject
repealed, 117; common-law application to
heresy restored, 117; early laws against,
145; punishment of, by church courts,
until fourteenth century, 145; introduction
of the secular arm in heresy trials, 145,
146; old common-law treatment of, restored
by Edward VI., 147; limitation of court
of high commission as to, 174.
Heretoga, military title of the, i. 129, 151;
ealdorman, 174, 199.

Hertford, Earl of, ii. 103; converts the
regency of Edward VI. into a protectorate,
113; inaugurates the English Reformation,
114; victory of Pinkie Cleugh, 116.
Hide, of land, unit of assessment, i. 293, 297,
358; superseded by the knights' fee, ii. 7.
See also Land.

High Commission, Court of, origin, ii. 155;
attempt to punish Puritan clergy, 172;
created, 174; duties, 174, 175; authorized
to administer the ex officio oath, 175; not
allowed to impose the death penalty, 175;
its procedure criticised by Lord Burleigh,
175; punishment of lay immorality, 175;
conflict with the courts of common law,
175; abolished by the Long Parliament,
176, 307, 308; reestablished by James II.,
400.

High Court of Justice, constituted, ii. 338,
590; sentences Charles I., 339.

High steward, power in treason trial for
peers, ii. 433.

Highways, care for, included in the trinoda
necessitas, ii. 190; care for, imposed upon
the holding of all land by freemen, 190;
care for, devolves upon the parish, 191 ;
surveyors for highways created, 191; rate
assessed by justices of the peace, 191; per-
sonal service allowed on, 191, 192 n.
Hlaford, lord, origin of the name, i. 131, 176.
Hobbes, Thomas, his Leviathan on the ori

ginal contract, ii. 392; his doctrines used
by the commons in deposing James II.,
413.

Hobhouse, Sir J., Vestry Act, its limited
operation, ii. 573.

Holland, Thomas E., Elements of Jurispru
dence, ii. 393, n. I.

Holles, introduces Eliot resolution on taxa-
tion and religion, ii. 278.

and, 41, 42.

Homilies, Book of, ii. 116.

Hooker, Richard, his Ecclesiastical Polity, ii.
172; effect of, 254.

Hooper, John, attack upon the prayer-book
of 1549, ii. 125, 126.

Howard, Catherine, executed, ii. 101.
Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, i. 348,
360; his speech at John's coronation, ques-
tion as to its authenticity, 364; his death,
367.

Hubert de Burgh, justiciar, destroys the fleet
of Lewis of France, i. 395; regency of,
395-397.

Hue and cry, ii. 197.

256.
Impeachment, practice of, i. 441-443, 503;
parliamentary, revived to suppress mono-
polists, ii. 245; later history, 245 n.; ques
tions concerning, raised by Danby's trial,
375; act of settlement on, 376; by the
commons not pleadable, 423; last purely
political, 457; late cases of, 457;
against ministers in 1701, 446.
Impressment Bill, ii. 317, 318.
Imprisonments, arbitrary, forbidden, ii. 270.
Impropriations, ii. 188.

Indemnity, Bill of, ii. 359, 360.
Independence, rise of the spirit of, ii. 202.
Independents. See Dissenters.

use

Industry, effect of the growth of, ii. 507.
Ine, king of the West Saxons, his power, i.
165.

Hume, David, ii. 31.
Hundred, formed by an aggregation of marks
or townships, i. 7, 8, 12, 27, 106, 144, 253,
446; its existence in Virginia and Mary-
land, 28; use of the word, 96, 106, 171,
193, 198; aggregation of, forms the shire,
105, 123, 253, 303, 446; identity of the
modern hundred with the early shire, 106,
145, 171, 193, 253; of the Franks, i. 222;
relation of the manorial court to, 211, 254,
452, 457.

Hundred-moot (court), the Teutonic system,
i. 106, 107, 191; in England, 173, 193, 194;
representative assembly, 203, 303, 416;
continued by William, 255, 446; use of, by
William Rufus and Henry I., ib.; distinc-
tion between the great and the lesser
court, 256, 452; system of delegation at,
304; attendance enforced by fines, 304;
restored by Henry I., 305; attendants of,
305; composition for non-attendance at,
306; reorganized by treaty of Walling-
ford, 306.

Hundred Years' War, i. 500, 502.
Hungerford, Sir Thomas, first speaker of
house of commons, 480, 521.
Hunting, Cnut's alleged code on, i. 313.
Hurccas, the, i. 164, 165.

Hustings, i. 192, 455; nominations made at,
ii. 536.

Hutchinson, Thomas, quoted, i. 15.
Hutton, W. H., Life of Sir Thomas Moore,
ii. 46.

Hyde, Edward, favored by Charles II., ii.
363; policy of reconstruction, 363; conflict
with Charles II. over religious policy, 365,
366; resignation and impeachment, 367;
compelled to flee, 367; lord high treasurer,
394.
Hyde Park, riot of 1866, ii. 534; second
meeting in May, 1867, 535.

under Henry II., 328. See also Recogni-
tions.

Inquisition, writ of, i. 389.
Institution of a Christian Man, stated, ii. 87.
“Instrument of Government," its features,
ii. 348, 349.

Interstate citizenship, i. 58, 75.
Intestates, regulation of property of, i. 390.
Investiture, question of, i. 346, 347-
Iona, Hii, Isle of, Celtic monastery at, i. 157,
158; missionaries from convent, 158, 162;
Northumbria, 162.

Ireland, tribal life in, i. 157; monastic na-
ture of its church, 157; rising in, ii. 310;
subjugated by Cromwell, 345; depend
ent condition under the Poynings' Acts,
511-513; proscription of catholic and pro-
testant dissenters, 512; parliamentary re-
strictions in, 512, 513; commercial restric-
tions, 513; demand from, for a redress of
grievances, 513; independence of the par-
liament of, granted, 513; Pitt's efforts to
remove commercial restrictions, 513, 514;
bribery of parliament to secure approval of
the scheme of union, 514; effect of the
union with England, 514, 515; reform in
representation, 531; representation in the
house of lords, 541, 542; question of the
extinction and absorption of Irish peerage,
543, 544.

Ireton, Henry, leader of the New Model, ii.
336; The Heads of the Proposals, 336, 337-
Ironsides, Cromwell's regiment, ii. 328.
Isabella of France, married to Richard II.,
i. 510.

Italy, city commonwealths in, i. 5, 6, 8; influ-
ence of Petrarch upon, ii. 33; Greek schol-
ars in, 33; seat of the intellectual revival,
33.

JACOBITES, legislation against, ii. 431, 432;
attempted rising, 456.

James I., charters granted by, to two coloni-
zation companies, i. 17; right of the com-
mons to decide disputed elections finally
settled under, 530; people declare for him,
ii. 211; proclaimed by the council, 211;
lays down the theory of indefeasible hered-
itary right of kings in the Basilicon Doron,
212; title confirmed by parliament, 212;
conflict with the Calvinistic model of church
government in Scotland, 212-214; unfa-
miliarity with English institutions, 215; pre-
sented the Millenary Petition, 217; sum-
mons the Hampton Court Conference, 217,
218; preparation of the Authorized Version
of the Bible sanctioned by, 218; accused of
papistry, and renews persecution of catho-
lics, 219; rebukes both Puritans and catho-
lics, 220, 223, 224; proclamation as to
contested elections, 220; urges union of
England and Scotland, 221; receives a
protestation from the house of commons,
222; speech on proroguing his first parlia-
ment, 223; assumes the title of King of
Great Britain, 223; lays imposts on Vir-
ginian tobacco and on currants, 225; secures
judgments in favor of his right to impose
customs duties, 226; financial difficulties,
229, 242; forbids debate in commons over
his right to lay impositions, 230; sup-
presses Cowell's law dictionary, 231; re-
fuses to redress ecclesiastical grievances,
232, 233; decision against his ordaining
power, 232; charters the Virginia Com-
pany, 233; becomes his own secretary of
state, 234; puts himself under the influ-
ence of a court favorite, 235; dissolves
the "Addled Parliament," 238; resolves to
dispense with parliaments, 238; revives
arbitrary taxation, 238; assails the inde-
pendence of judges, 240, 241; ruled by
Buckingham, 242; marriage of his daugh-
ter Elizabeth to Frederick IV., 243; fails to
protect German protestants through Span-
ish alliance, 243, 244; promises aid to the
protestant princes, 244; appeals to parlia-
ment for funds to recover the Palatine,
245; claims the right to punish any man's
misdemeanors in parliament, 247, 248; at-
tempts to abridge the parliamentary right
of deliberation, 248; tears the protestation
of the commons from its journals, and
punishes members, 249; lays his troubles
with Spain before the house of commons,
250; his death, 251; summary of his reign,
251-253; favors Laud, 254; promises
France to make concessions relating to
recusants, 255.

James II., deposed, ii. 383, 384, 413; pre-
sented as a popish recusant, 385; second
exclusion bill against, 385; parliamentary
resolutions against his succession, 386;
question of his real designs, 394; his de-

claration of intention to the council, 394;
renews secret treaty with France, 394, 395;
proclamation acknowledging parliament's
right to lay taxes, 395; commissions catho-
lic officers in the standing army, 396; pro-
rogation of his refractory parliament, 397;
use of the dispensing power, 399; begins
attack on the state church, 399, 400; intro-
duces public worship of catholicism at St.
James, 400; seeks to placate non-conform-
ists, 401; his attack on the universities,
401-403; public reception of the papal
nuncio, 403; royal progress of August,
1687, 403; birth of a male heir, 405, 406;
concessions made, 407; refuses to call a
parliament, 407; desertion of, 407; flight,
408; declared to have violated the original
contract, 413.

James IV. of Scotland, marries daughter of
Henry VII., ii. 37.

James VI. of Scotland. See James I.
Jamestown, Va., English settlement of, i. 18,
ii. 234; first American representative as-
sembly at, 234.

Jefferson, Thomas, on the necessity for the
threefold division of the federal head, i. 68.
Jeffreys, Chief Justice, revokes corporation
charters, ii. 389; his bloody circuit, 396.
Jenkes, Francis, case of, ii. 382.
Jesuits, to be sent to England as missionaries,
ii. 165; torture and conviction of Campion,
166. See also Church, Roman Catholic.
Jews, forbidden to hold municipal or parlia
mentary offices, ii. 428; emancipation of,
428.

John de Gray, his election to the primacy,
i. 368.

John, king of England, his dispute with Inno-
cent, i. 348, 367 et seq.; his accession and
coronation, 364; defeats and murders
Arthur, ib.; his loss of Normandy, its
political results, 365, 366; his character,
366; excommunicated, 372; renews his
homage to the pope, 373, 569; his quar-
rel with the nobles, 374, 375; his policy
against the barons, 377, 378, 392; French
expedition and his defeat, 377; surrenders
to the barons, 379; seals the Great Charter,
380; his faithlessness, 391-394; his death,
394; compelled by baronage to agree to
articles 12 and 14 of the Great Charter, ii.

II.

Johnson, Dr. Samuel, his reports of parlia-
mentary debates, ii. 474.

Johnston, Professor Alexander, on the Amer-
ican constitution, i. 60.

Jones, Mr. Gale, imprisoned for libel, ii. 483.
Judicial system, existence of private law
courts before the Norman Conquest, i. 2c8;
institution of circuits, 247, 258; growth
of private law courts and of the curia
regis, 248, 249, 515, 517, 590; use of the