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at Edinburgh in 1869, and at Glasgow and Aberdeen in 1877. In several instances courses of lectures had previously been delivered to women, but in St. Andrews and Aberdeen, some years after the establishment of the associations, the lectures were discontinued for want of support. As for examination and recognition of merit, in 1874 the University of Edinburgh granted a diploma in Arts to women who attended courses and passed examinations which would have entitled men to degrees. In 1876 St. Andrews instituted a higher examination for women only, and have continued to grant on this the Diploma of Lady Literate in Arts, while Glasgow in 1874 created a Higher Local Examination for Women.

At Glasgow in 1883 the Association was transformed into Queen Margaret College, on the council of which the University was represented by two members.

In 1892, when the Commissioners' Ordinance was passed, empowering each University to admit women to graduation and to provide for their separate or joint instruction, Glasgow adopted the separate method, and Queen Margaret College was amalgamated with the University and became the women's department. The three other Universities at the same time opened their ordinary classes in Science and Art to women, who receive their instruction in common with the men.

Halls of residence exist in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and St. Andrews, but women students are as free to live in lodgings as men.

2. DUNDEE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.

Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee, and Aberdeen are the four largest towns in Scotland, and of these the third alone is without a University. Various schemes were proposed to remedy this lack, but the plan favoured by the Universities Commission of 1876 was carried out in 1881 by the foundation of a University College, which should be in close connexion with the University of St. Andrews, only

a dozen miles distant. In 1885 the Science degree of St. Andrews was thrown open to Dundee. In 1890 the University Commissioners issued an affiliating order instituting a closer connexion, and all classes at Dundee were recognized as qualifying for the degrees of St. Andrews. Unfortunately a flaw was discovered in the instrument of affiliation, and it was declared null in 1895.

An Ordinance was made by the Commission, which constituted Dundee' part of' St. Andrews University. The Principal is a member of the University Court, the Professors are members of the Senatus, and the students of Dundee College who matriculate as University students are in the same position as students at the Colleges in St. Andrews. A clause conferring on the Council of the College representation in the University Court was however struck out by the Privy Council.

Dundee has been included among the English Colleges by the Treasury, and received £500 a year from 1889, but in 1897 this grant was doubled. Its total capital expenditure by 1896 had been £66,799. In 1892-93 there were 200 day students, and in 1895-96 there were eighty-four 1.

3. THE PRIVY COUNCIL.

i. The Scotch Education Department.

Besides controlling Training Colleges, the Department has since 1896 administered an annual vote of £2,000 for agricultural education.

ii. The Science and Art Department.

The higher teaching of the Science and Art Department is of course open to the Scotch, but no local institutions are maintained by it.

The Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College and the Heriot Watt College, Edinburgh, are the chief local endowments for higher scientific teaching.

1 P. P., 1897, No. 245, P. 52.

* Report of Inspectors, P. P., 1897, No. 245.

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Voluntary Subscriptions and Income from Endowments for Public Elementary Schools in England and Wales, 1871-95, £32,922,173 [Sadler and Edwards: Special Reports, 1897, p. 30].

1 Exclusive of rates under the Technical Instruction Act, Welsh Intermediate Education Act, &c.

2 Exclusive of the money repaid to Boards of Guardians under the Local Taxation (Customs and Excise) Act.

3 Exclusive of £51,209 paid under the Agricultural Rates Act, 1896.

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