202 RUSSIAN DISCOVERIES. OBJECT AND EXTENT OF DISCOVERY. Penetrated, it is supposed, as far as Liakhow Island; and, after suffering many hardships, the leaders were murdered by their company. Sailed eastward from the Kolyma as far as Svätoi Noss. Performed long journeys, but without meeting any success. Meeting with great quantities of drift ice, he returned, without effecting any discovery. Set out later in the year, but again returned unsuccessful. Partially explored Krestowoi, one of the Bear Isles, the existence of which had been asserted by Ivan Wilegin, a fur-hunter. Were sent eastward, intending to reach the Obi; they were, however, unable to penetrate much beyond the Petchora. Reinforced the preceding expedition, and, on the 11th September, 1737, reached the mouth of the River Obi. Explored the Obi, and proceeded northwards; but on the 18th July, 1735, returned, in consequence of sickness breaking out. Sailed eastward from the Gulf of Obi to the Tenissei, in ascending which Took command of the above expedition, to endeavour to double Cape Taimura, Explored the coast from the Ienissei to the North-east Islands, in sledges, Sailed north from the mouth of the river; passed the mouth of the Pässina; ran north to 75° 15′ lat.; returned to the Ienissei, and surveyed it as far as Ianisseisk. DATE. BY WHOM UNDERTAKEN. STARTED FROM, Kolymsk. Kolymsk. 1734 Pawlow and Muraview Archangel 1736 Skuratow, Suchotin, Petchora 204 RUSSIAN DISCOVERIES. OBJECT AND EXTENT OF DISCOVERY. Explored the Liakhow Islands, where he obtained exclusive permission to dig for mammoth bones. Made a regular survey of the Liakhow Islands. Sailed, with two vessels, down the Kolyma; but being unable to double Pursued his voyage to Metchigme Bay, and then abandoned it for a land Explored, north, as far as the Islands Stolbovoi, Kotelnoi and New Siberia; and east, as far as Cape Chelagskoi. Visited New Siberia. Sent to explore Nova Zembla, but was compelled by the ice to return without effecting anything. Sent out with the same object: his voyage resulted as unfavourably as that Surveyed the Coast of Lapland, and the western Coast of Nova Zembla, Sent out for the purpose of exploring the eastern shore of Nova Zembla, and RUSSIAN DISCOVERIES. OBJECT AND EXTENT OF DISCOVERY. This expedition, which was commanded by Lieutenant (now Baron) Von They sailed together, but, separating in a fog in the White Sea, Krotoff was * "Bulletin de l'Academie Impériale de Sciences de St. Petersburg," and Royal Geographical Society's Journal," v. viii., pp. 411-415. 205 CHAPTER XVIII. Expedition commanded by Captains Parry and Lyon-Winter Quarters-Amusements - Eskimaux -Native Character — Iligliuk-Her Intelligence and Idea of Geography rendered Useful-Further progress-Fruitless Exertions-Second Winter-Return Home-Joyful Reception-Explorations of Mr. Scoresby while Whale Fishing-Discoveries made by Lieutenant-Colonel Sabine and Commander Clavering-Captain Parry's Third Voyage— Hecla and Fury sustain Great Damage -Abandonment of the Fury-Return Home. THE failure of Captain Parry in the years 1819-20 to make the complete passage to Behring's Straits, was not looked upon at home as anything like a decided defeat, and it required little more than that officer's expressed opinion, that a passage would most probably be found in a lower latitude, and a connexion between Sir Thomas Rowe's Welcome, and Prince Regent's Inlet, to determine the government to fit out a fresh expedition to ascertain the truth or otherwise of this opinion. On the 30th December 1820, a few months after his return from his former voyage, Captain Parry received his appointment to the Fury bomb, of three hundred and seventy-seven tons, and on the 4th January, 1821, Lieutenant George Francis Lyon, already celebrated as an African traveller, received his commission as commander of her consort, the Hecla. On the 8th May, the Fury and Hecla, accompanied by the Nautilus transport, freighted with stores, |