arrangement starts in the drawers of the lower room with the Graptolites of the Silurian, and terminates in that room with the Mountain Limestone: it is again taken up in the left-hand case of the large hall by the Orthoceratites of the Dumfries district, which are followed by a somewhat extensive series of the Blackband fossils of Fife; the circuit of the case ending with the Oolite of Brora and the Purbeck stone. The case on the opposite side of the room continues the collection with the Gault; the series ending, after the circuit of this case, with rocks presently in course of formation. From the above series a very complete collection of the fossils of the yellow sandstone of Dura Den have been separated, to find a conspicuous position in the cases of the entrance lobby. The Museum contains a series of rock-specimens illustrating various sections across the Grampians, collected by Colonel Imrie, and presented by the late Dr Govan, and a general series of the rocks of Scotland. Arranged collections of Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibians occupy the other cases of the large hall: arrows indicate the direction in which each collection should be examined. The upper hall contains the Local collections :-A classified series of the birds of the district; of the fishes (including illustrations of their eggs and development), crustaceans, and molluscs; spirit-preparations of the various invertebrate groups. A temporary collection for teaching purposes is at present displayed here. There will be also found in the lobby a number of cinerary urns and human skulls found in the neighbourhood of St Andrews; and also ponderous sculptured stones, and other objects of archæological interest. The osteological collection is exhibited in the room opposite the large hall, as well as in proper order in the groups. The inhabitants of St Andrews and their friends are admitted free to the Museum every Thursday, between the hours of 1 and 3 P.M. in Winter, and 1 and 6 P.M. in Summer. At other times the public are admitted under the personal care of the Janitor, at a charge of twopence for each individual, and for each member of a party. All Matriculated Students of the University have free access to the Museum. GIFFORD LECTURESHIP IN NATURAL THEOLOGY. This Lectureship was founded in 1887 by the late Adam Gifford, sometime one of the Senators of the College of Justice, who bequeathed to the University the sum of £15,000 (less legacy duty) for the purpose of establishing a "Lectureship, or Popular Chair, for promoting, advancing, teaching, and diffusing the study of Natural Theology, in the widest sense of that term." It is provided in the Trust Disposition and Settlement, executed by Lord Gifford, that the Lecturer shall be appointed from time to time by the Senatus Academicus for a period of two years and no longer, but the same Lecturer may be reappointed for other two periods of two years each. The Lecturer appointed shall be subjected to no test of any kind, and shall not be required to take any oath, or to emit or subscribe any declaration of belief, or to make any promise of any kind. He may be of any religious denomination whatever, or of no denomination at all. The subject is to be treated as a strictly natural science; and the Lectures are to be public and popular, open not only to students of the University, but to the whole community without matriculation. Besides a general and popular audience, the Lecturer may form a special class of students for the study of the subject, which will be conducted in the usual way, and tested by examination and thesis, written and oral. GIFFORD LECTURERS. Andrew Lang, M.A., LL.D., 1888-89, 1889-90. Rodolfo Lanciani, D.C.L., LL.D., 1899-1900, 1900-1901. 1903-1904. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS. EXAMINERS. The University Court of each University annually appoints as Examiners such number of Professors or Lecturers in the Faculty of Arts in that University, and such additional Examiners, as may be deemed necessary. The Preliminary Examinations in Arts, Science, and Medicine are conducted by these Examiners under the control and supervision of the Joint Board. In the event of a Professor or Lecturer declining to undertake the duty of examining, it is in the power of the University Court to appoint another Professor or Lecturer or an additional Examiner in his place. The Examiners in each University, as soon as they have marked the answers of the candidates, transmit them, through the Senatus, to the Joint Board, with copies of the list of candidates, showing the marks assigned to each and the candidates whom they propose to adjudge successful. Each of the additional Examiners receives such remuneration as the University Court shall determine. (Ord. No. 13, Sec. II., III., XX.) JOINT BOARD OF EXAMINERS. In connection with the Preliminary Examinations a Joint Board of Examiners, consisting of representatives of the four Scottish Universities, has been constituted by the Scottish University Commissioners (Ordinances Nos. 13 and 43). The Joint Board consists of eight Professors or Lecturers and eight additional Examiners-two Professors or Lecturers and two additional Examiners being appointed in each year by the University Court of each University from among the Preliminary Examiners. The Joint Board holds office from the 1st day of February to the 31st day of January in the succeeding year, and the members are appointed so as to represent the different subjects of examination according to a scheme of rotation set forth in Ordinance No. 43, Section I. In the event of a vacancy occurring otherwise than by the expiration of a member's term of office, a new member shall be appointed by the University Court for the remainder of such term only. It is the duty of the Joint Board to issue from time to time to the Examiners of each University such general directions as to the character of the examination papers to be set, and the method of assigning marks, as may best secure an adequate and uniform standard. The Board also receives from the Examiners in each University the examination papers and answers of the candidates with the marks assigned by the Examiners to each, and after consideration of such papers and answers as they may deem necessary, accepts or corrects the results arrived at by the Examiners in the several Universities in accordance with what they deem to be an adequate standard. At the earliest possible date after receiving the examination papers and answers, the Board reports to each Faculty, for whose Preliminary Examination candidates have appeared, the results of the examination of these candidates, and each Faculty is required to publish forthwith a list of candidates reported to it as having passed the examination. If at an examination at any University the standard of the questions set for examination is, in the opinion of the Joint Board, either too high or too low, the Board has power to require the Examiners in that University to submit to them the papers which it is proposed to set at the next Preliminary Examination, and to make such amendments thereon as the Board may think necessary; but in every such case, sufficient notice must be given to the Senatus of the University on which such demand is made.2 The Joint Board is appointed to meet twice annually, in spring and in autumn, to determine the results of the Preliminary Examinations. At these meetings the Board also fixes the dates of the Preliminary Examinations to be held in the spring and autumn respectively of the next succeeding year, together with 1 The scheme of rotation for St Andrews is as follows: ENGLISH, 1902 (Professor), 1903 (Additional Examiner), 1904 (Additional Examiner), 1905 (Professor). CLASSICS, 1902 (Professor), 1903 (Professor), 1904 (Additional Examiner), 1905 (Additional Examiner). MATHEMATICS AND DYNAMICS, 1902 (Additional Examiner), 1903 (Professor), 1904 (Professor), 1905 (Additional Examiner). MODERN LANGUAGES, 1902 (Additional Examiner), 1903 (Additional Examiner), 1904 (Lecturer), 1905 (Lecturer). 2 Since the Joint Board was instituted, the four Universities have intrusted it with the duty of setting the papers. The papers are now set by the Joint Board itself, and the same papers are used in all four Universities. the subjects and books, if any, prescribed for these examinations, as well as the order in which the several subjects shall be taken. At any such meeting the majority of the Board has power to summon a special meeting for the purposes of the immediately preceding paragraph. The Joint Board sits at each University in rotation and in the following order: Glasgow (1902), Aberdeen (1903), St Andrews (1904), Edinburgh (1905). The Principal of the University at which the Board sits, when present, acts as Chairman for the time, and the Secretary of the University Court of that University is Convener of the Board and custodian of all documents. Neither the Principal nor the Secretary is a member of the Board, but the Chairman has a casting, although not a deliberative, vote. The Convener at the termination of his term of office transmits to his successor in office the documents belonging to the Board. In the absence of the Principal the Board elects its own Chairman, who is a member of the Board, and has a deliberative and also a casting vote. It is in the power of the Board, with the consent of the University Court of each University, at any time to appoint a permanent Secretary, if after sufficient experience the Board considers it advisable to do so, and such Secretary shall be the Convener of the Board and the custodian of all documents. Each University contributes to the expenses of the Joint Board in proportion to the number of candidates who present themselves for examination at that University; and the remuneration paid to the members of the Board is fixed by arrangement between the University Courts of the four Universities. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS IN ARTS, SCIENCE, AND I. ARTS. Before entering on the curriculum (subject to the proviso contained in Section XI. of the Regulations for Graduation in Arts), every candidate for the degree of Master of Arts must pass a Preliminary Examination in (1) English; (2) Latin or Greek; (3) Mathematics; (4) one of the following: Latin or Greek (if not already taken), French, German, Italian (or such other language as the Senatus Academicus may approve), Dynamics. II. SCIENCE.-Every candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Science must pass the Preliminary Examination prescribed for candidates for graduation in Arts, except that (1) French or German may be substituted for Latin or Greek; (2) Mathematics |