cidents during the Revolutionary and Indian wars, told them by their grandfather, Abner Taylor.

Mr. Hope was the youngest of eleven children, nine of whom lived to good old ages, viz: William, farmer and large real estate operator, George T., for many years, until his death, president of Continental Fire Insurance Company of New York; Samuel Waller, engaged in the United States custom service, an inventor and farmer, still living at Trenton, New Jersey; Mary, wife of John Carpenter, a merchant; Catherine, wife of Charles E. Steane, M. D.; Frances Matilda, wife of Benj. Pike, Jr., manufacturer of philosophical and scientific instruments, and publisher of books on those subjects; Cornelius, merchant; Rev. J. Malcolm, a Baptist minister now at Brooklyn, New York.

Mr. Hope was educated in New York City, and was well read and a studious and thoughtful man. During the early part of his business life, he was a merchant, and a contractor for materials used in building and equipping railroads, and afterwards engaged in farming in Rockland county, New York, and at Shrewsbury, New Jersey. He was one of the organizers of the Rockland County Agricultural Society, and an officer of it until he moved from the county.

He was an officer of, and state lecturer for New Jersey State Grange, a flourishing society of people interested in agriculture, and prior to that he was state lecturer for the Order of Good Templars, and delivered many addresses throughout New Jersey and frequently in other states. His services were in demand, as he was an instructive and eloquent public speaker. He was also grand worthy chief Templar of the state of New Jersey, and an officer of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of Good Templars of America.

He was a Republican from the time that party first organized, but was independent and adhered more to principles than to party; and when needful reforms could not be brought about otherwise, he acted with a third party. Mr. Hope was zealous for abolition of the liquor traffic, and made diligent and partially successful efforts for legislation favoring local option, and during the campaigns when local option was an issue. He was a candidate for Congress on the Prohibition ticket when the late General Clinton B. Fisk was a candidate for governor of New Jersey, and then, and when in 1878 he was a candidate for Congress in the Third New Jersey district on the national independent ticket, he received a large vote, which was regarded as a high personal compliment to him. In the different reform movements (outside of the Republican party) in which Mr. Hope engaged from a high sense of duty, he was intimately associated with General Fisk, the late John G. Drew, Benjamin Urner, the venerable Peter Cooper, General Benjamin F. Butler, and other prominent men, who believed certain reforms in state and national government were necessary for the welfare of this country.

He was an abolitionist and rendered efficient services in the campaign of 1860 and 1864 for the election of Abraham Lincoln, and in 1868 and 1872, for the election of General Grant to the presidency.

During the Civil war he was patriotic in behalf of the Union, and outspoken against disloyal people in Rockland county, New York, where

he then resided, and when there was an uprising against the government, resulting in the draft riots of New York, he armed his family and employes to protect against attacks which had been threatened because of his active. loyalty, and his refusal to surrender two old colored men, who had been family servants many years in his employ. It becoming known to the secessionists that he was prepared to give them "a warm reception," they did not further molest him. Although his offer to serve in the Civil war was not accepted, he labored zealously and successfully in aiding to stop the spirit of secession and induced many who were against the United States government to be earnest supporters of the Union cause. He pursuaded men that it was their duty to so act that, as he expressed it in a pamphlet he published at the time, "Not a single star shall be taken from the flag of our Union."

Mr. Hope was a devoted husband and father, highly respected for his sterling character and exemplary life, and he and his estimable wife engaged zealously in numerous good works. They were particularly active in religious and temperance work, and entertained many prominent people at their home, "Allendale," in the village of Shrewsbury, who were intimately associated with them in their labors of love.

Mr. and Mrs. Hope were members of Baptist churches since 1855, and have been active and useful in religious work; much of that time each has served faithfully important offices in churches and Sunday-schools. Mr. Hope was a church trustee, deacon and Sunday-school superintendent for more than thirty years.

Washington Lafayette Hope, and Helen Cobb Allen were united in marriage September 26, 1848, by the Rev. Harry Finch, then rector of Christ church, Shrewsbury, at the residence of George L. and Anna Allen, the parents of the bride, being the same house where Mr. Hope died. That property has been owned by Mrs. Hope and her ancestors about two hundred and thirty years, and has been the home of Mr. and Mrs. Hope since 1865, when they moved there from Rockland county, New York. There also their golden wedding was celebrated in September, 1898.

Washington L. Hope after being ill two weeks with pneumonia, died at his residence, on Sycamore avenue, in the village of Shrewsbury, New Jersey, February 13, 1899. He was in his seventy-fifth year, but feeble health caused him to retire from active life several years prior.

Mr. Hope left surviving him his widow and four sons. His sons are George Allen, and Charles Vernon, engaged in farming at Shrewsbury; Frederick Waller, a leading member of the bar of Monmouth county, having his law office at Red Bank, New Jersey; and Rev. Benjamin Pike, pastor of the First Baptist church, Augusta, Maine.

FREDERICK WALLER HOPE.

Frederick Waller Hope, a leading member of the bar of Monmouth county, New Jersey, is a highly esteemed and public spirited citizen of the town of Red Bank, where he has honorably built up a large law practice.

He was born at Nanuet, Clarkstown, Rockland county, New York, January 17, 1853, where his parents then resided on property owned by them. His parents resided at different places in that state, part of the time in New York City, until 1865, when they moved to Allendale, in Shrewsbury, New Jersey, the homestead of his mother's ancestors, since which time Mr. Hope has been a loyal and patriotic Jersey-man.

He acquired a thorough education in public schools, and private schools maintained by his father and family with a few friends, who had sons to educate. He was graduated from Shrewsbury Institute in 1870, but continued his studies with the aid of his parents for several years, while assisting in the management of the homestead farm and other business during his father's frequent absence as state lecturer for the Good Templars and Grangers, and in church work in New Jersey. He engaged in the real estate and fire insurance business at Elizabeth, New Jersey, several years, where he built up a prosperous business. He was a student and fond of instructive reading, and his course of study and reading during that period, together with his business experience before becoming a member of the bar, have been of great assistance to him in achieving the high degree of success he has

won.

Mr. Hope began his clerkship as a law student at Elizabeth with Judge P. H. Gilhooly, with whom he remained two years, and then continued his clerkship with Hon. John S. Applegate at Red Bank, with whom he had been acquainted from his youth. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar as an attorney, in the November term, 1882; and as counsellor, in November, 1886; and in that year he was admitted to the United States courts as attorney and counsellor. He was appointed a master in chancery by Chancellor Runyon, and later was appointed a special master and examiner in chancery by Chancellor McGill. Mr. Applegate and Mr. Hope entered into a law partnership as Applegate & Hope, January, 1884, and together built up a profitable business continuing until July, 1901, when the firm dissolved by mutual consent, Mr. Applegate and his son, Mr. John S. Applegate, Jr., forming the new law firm of John S. Applegate & Son.

Mr. Hope has continued to practice law with offices at Red Bank, and has attracted to himself a large and influential clientage, including many substantial local people, and wealthy summer residents of Rumson and Seabright, managing estates and corporations, some of which are important enterprises. He has had extensive experience in examining land titles, and riparian rights, and in important negotiations requiring knowledge of the law, in connection with his general law practice. In March, 1902, he was appointed counsel for the historic township of Shrewsbury, which glories in its ancient seal, bearing date, 1667.

Although interested in politics and efficiently active for good government, he has frequently declined to be a candidate for office on the ground that his law business required all his time, and he was too much wedded to his profession to be induced to permit the duties of public office to interfere with it, but as counsel for municipalities and other clients, and associates in high political positions, he has had a voice in obtaining good legislation, and just administration of public business.

He is zealous for the welfare of the town of Red Bank, and Shrewsbury township, where he has large real estate interests, and has done much for the improvement and permanent prosperity of that portion of Monmouth county.

Mr. Hope is first lieutenant of Second Troop Cavalry, National Guard of New Jersey, and has been a member of the troop since its organization in 1895, and is deeply interested and zealous in the National Guard. It is largely through his efforts that the Second Troop is to be provided with a cavalry armory at Red Bank, its headquarters. He has been a member of the Red Bank board of trade since its formation, and is vice-president of that body, and is a member of the Monmouth Boat Club, and Red Bank Golf Club, and of most of the fraternal and beneficiary orders in town.

Frederick Waller Hope is a son of Washington Lafayette Hope and Helen Cobb (Allen) Hope, and grandson of Reuben Hope, who, with his two brothers, Cornelius and Thomas, came to this country from England, a short time before 1800. Reuben was English but of French Hugenot and Scotch ancestry, and married Catherine Taylor, of New York state, some of whose ancestors came from Holland and were among the early settlers of America. Reuben Hope was for many years an official of New York City, and when General Lafayette visited this country in 1824, he was one of those appointed to welcome him, and in his honor Reuben named his youngest son, born August 4, 1824, Washington Lafayette Hope. Mr. Hope's great-grandfather, Abner Taylor, was a patriot soldier in the Revolutionary war, and especially commended for his efficient services to his country in blockading the Hudson River near West Point, and also in the counties of Rockland, Orange, and Ulster, New York.

Fred. W. Hope's father and mother (a daughter of George L. and Anne (Cocks) Allen) were married at the homestead, Allendale, in Shrewsbury, New Jersey, September 26, 1848, by Rev. Harry Finch. That homestead, together with other lands, was acquired by the Allens, Mrs. Hope's paternal ancestors, who came from New England to Shrewsbury, about 1665, and has since been continually owned and occupied by the family (four of them named George Allen) and a portion is now owned by Mr. Hope's mother, and a portion by him. The Allens intermarried with the families of Hulett, White, Briley, Corlies, Parker and Leonard.

Anna (Cocks) Allen, Mr. Hope's grandmother, was a member of the Society of Friends, and was a descendant of and related to the families of Wright, Dickinson, Townsend, Durland, and Hagar, of Long Island. She and George L. Allen were married November 26, 1814, at the home of her father, George Cocks, and her mother, Mary (Wright) Cocks, at New York City. George L. and Anna Allen occupied the Allen homestead at Shrewsbury from that time until they died at advanced ages. That is the same residence where Mr. Hope's mother and eldest sister, Sarah Maria, widow of Judge Joseph Barclay, were born and where they still reside, and also where Mr. Hope's father and mother were married September 26, 1848, and celebrated their golden wedding September 26, 1898, and where Mr. W. L. Hope, Mr. Hope's father, died, February 13, 1899. The homestead residence has been the scene of extensive hospitality

and many interesting events, among which were fairs and entertainments during the Civil war for the benefit of the Christian commission in aid of Union soldiers.

M. D. VALENTINE & BROTHER COMPANY.

The name of Valentine has been associated with the clay business on the Jersey coast for more than half a century and has ever been a synonym for reliable dealing. The firm of M. D. Valentine & Brother was estab lished in 1866, the partners being M. D. and J. R. Valentine, sons of James Valentine, a pioneer in the clay-working business in this state. They at first manufactured only what is commonly known as bath brick, or sometimes called Bristol brick, used for the cleaning of cutlery. The tariff, however, was removed from that article and it became commonly used as ballast for ships coming to America from Europe, and as no freight was charged by the steamship companies it could be brought to this country and sold at such a low figure that its manufacture in the United States became unprofitable. The firm of M. D. Valentine & Brother then began the manufacture of drain pipe, and a year later, in 1868, extended the field of their operations by beginning the manufacture of fire brick,—an industry which they have since continued with splendid success. They began operations on a small scale, but their patronage rapidly increased as the excellent quality of their output became known and the company now has one of the largest plants in this section of the state and is ranked among the foremost firms engaged in the business. Their shipments go to all parts of the country, also to Cuba, South America and other foreign ports, and the outside demand is increasing year by year. The company owns all its own clay lands and has two plants, one at Woodbridge and the other at Valentine Station in Raritan township, on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. These are equipped with the latest improved machinery and everything that will facilitate the work and make it of a higher grade. A large force of workmen are annually employed, for the plants are operated throughout *›a entire year in order to meet the demands of their patronage. M. D. Valentine is considered authority on clay and clay goods in New Jersey and his opinion on such matters is sought throughout the country and carries weight in the circles of the trade.

Year by year the business of the company has increased and they have added to their establishment until to-day the firm ranks among the foremost fire-brick manufacturers in the country. Indomitable energy, strict devotion to business and an integrity and uprightness that none could question have accomplished this result. Their manufacturing establishment consists of half a dozen large, two-story brick buildings. The largest is eighty by one hundred and twenty-five feet in extent and the others range from eighty feet square down to forty by fifty feet. There are four kilns, the capacity of all being very great, baking from twenty-two to fifty-two thousand bricks at one time. They are of the old English, round style