file works, saw and planing mills, sash, doors and blinds factories; carriage, coach and wagon shops; marble and granite yards, a canning factory, a shirt factory and numerous minor establishments.

A short distance from the business center of the town stands the Battle Monument, erected to commemorate the momentous events which transpired on the field of Monmouth.

The base of the monument is formed by three spurs of granite, and upon their point of contact is imposed a drum-shaped granite block bearing five bronze tablets, each five feet in height and six feet in width. These are in bas-relief, of exquisite artistic design and execution, and are remarkably correct from a historic standpoint.

The first tablet represents Lieutenant-Colonel Nathaniel Ramsey defending his artillery, in fulfillment of the duty imposed upon him by Washington, and in discharge of which he was wounded and made prisoner. The scene of hand-to-hand conflict with the British charging column is represented with strict fidelity to the well authenticated facts. The figure and countenance of Ramsey are from miniature and silhouette portraits, his sword is modeled from that which he wore and is yet preserved, and the trappings of horses and men are in strict adherence to the official descriptions of the day.

In the second tablet, representing Washington rallying his troops, the great commander is shown speeding his horse along the patriot line, placing his regiments in position to check the advance of the enemy. The head and figure of Washington are from Houdin's life cast, and his uniform and horse equipments are modeled after those of authentic source.

The third tablet represents Molly Pitcher serving a cannon, the dead body of her husband lying near her feet. A soldier is thumbing the piece with his right hand, his left having been disabled by a wound. General Knox stands in the background, directing his artillery, and the old Tennent Church appears on the extreme left. The head and the figure of the heroine is a masterpiece of ideal muscular womanhood.

The council of war at Hopewell is represented in the fourth tablet, which contains the figures of Washington and his principal officers, thirteen in number, including Lafayette, Lee, Green, Steuben, Knox and Wayne.

The fifth tablet represents the scene of General Anthony Wayne leading his men to the final charge of the day, and the retreating British grenadiers in their futile attempt to bear away the body of their fallen commander, Lieutenant-Colonel Harry Monckton. In the background is seen the parsonage of the Tennent Church.

Above the tablet and encircling the shaft are the coats-of-arms of the thirteen original States, in bronze, festooned with laurel leaves. The shaft,

of New England granite, rises to a height of ninety-four feet, and is in three sections, the joinings marked by circlets of bay leaves. Surmounting the shaft is a statue of Columbia Triumphant.

The inception of the monument movement was due to Governor Joel Parker, in an address in Freehold, June 28, 1877, the ninety-ninth anniversary of the battle. Committees

were appointed to procure funds, and nearly $10,000 was subscribed by the citizens of the State, and principally by residents of Monmouth county. Subsequently the State contributed $10,000. and the national congress voted an appropriation of $20,000. Mrs. Mary A. Schanck, whose paternal and maternal ancestors bore an honorable part in the battle, with her children, donated a tract of three and one-quarter acres, upon which the monument was erected, and which was laid out as an open park. The committee on design was composed of Theodore W. Morris, Edward J. Anderson, Lewis Perrine, William S. Stryker and Hal Allaire. This committee decided upon a design presented by Emelin T. Littell and Douglas Smythe, architects, and J. E. Kelly, sculptor, and the metal work was committed to Maurice J. Power, of the National Fine Art Foundry. The corner stone was laid June 28, 1878, and the monument was completed and unveiled

November 13, 1884, with imposing MON MOUTH BATTLE MONUMENT. ceremonies. An invocatory prayer was

offered by Bishop Scarborough, after which the President of the Monument Commission, Mr. Theodore W. Morris, Theodore W. Morris, unveiled the bronzes and, while the cannon thundered a national salute, made formal delivery of the work to Hon. Leon Abbett, Governor of New Jersey. Following its acceptance by the Governor, ex-Governor Joel Parker delivered an admirable oration which, as a contribution to history, is valuable for all

Marlborough, in the township of the same name, and its principal village, numbers three hundred inhabitants. It is located a little to the east of the site of the ancient town of Topanemus, where were made the first settlements in the township, about 1665, and where was built a Friends' meeting house, in 1692.

Marlborough is principally noted as the seat of the "Old Brick Church," first known as the Reformed Church of Navesink, and afterward as the Dutch Reformed Church of Freehold and Middletown. It was formed in the year 1699, and was until 1826 the only church of its denomination in the country.

Oceanport, nine miles inland from Asbury Park, was formerly the scene of a busy industry. About 1812, James B. Allaire, a great iron magnate of New York (and who was a descendant of the Huguenots who came to this country in 1680), turned his attention to the development of iron and the improvement of this tract, and built houses and enlarged mills already there, expending one-half a million of dollars. The plant grew rapidly and he prospered greatly. The blast furnaces and smelters of the Allaire Iron Works, under which name they were famous throughout the land, furnished many of the cannon balls used during the war with

Great Britain which began in 1812, and many of them were fired into British ships by American men-of-war and by privateers from the New Jersey coast. The decadence of the iron industry in New Jersey, consequent upon the coal development in Pennsylvania, brought financial ruin to Mr. Allaire, and the town went to decay. Among the few of the old houses yet maintained is the old Allaire mansion, where Henry Allaire,

son of the former iron king, lives almost the life of a recluse. The little chapel is still kept up by this last representative of the family, as is also the house where John Roach, the famous ship builder, courted the lady who became his wife. The place is picturesque in its loneliness, and is well worth a visit.

Allentown is a village with a population of about seven hundred, situated in the extreme southwest portion of Monmouth county, almost equidistant from the counties of Mercer and Burlington. The pioneer settler, in 1706, was Nathan Allen (from whom the village takes its name, a son of Iedediah Allen, of Shrewsbury. By 1750 it was a considerable village. About 1730 Christ Church (Protestant Episcopal) was formed. A house of worship was erected the same year. It was greatly damaged during the Revolutionary war, and was abandoned shortly before 1810. In 1845, thirty-five years later, a new building was erected, and in this are carefully preserved the old Bible and Book of Prayer which were originally used. The Rev. Joseph Morgan, from Freehold, visited the place at intervals, and about 1722 a Presbyterian Church was organized and a house of worship erected. Mr. Morgan sent to the church a young minister who was a capable preacher, but of careless life, and he was suspended by Presbytery. The church was subsequently firmly established under the influence of the Whitefield revival. The Catholic and Baptist Churches are of comparatively recent date, the one organized in 1869 and the other in 1873. The Allentown Academy, which was instituted prior to 1834, was for many years a model school. In 1805 was organized the "Allentown Temperance Sober Society," with fifty-eight members—the first temperance society in New Jersey.

OCEAN COUNTY.

-Ocean county is principally known for its towns on the sea coast, which are considered in another chapter. Settled as the region was, in greater part, by men who had been bred to seafaring lives, their descendants followed in the paths of their fathers, and made homes where they had lived and died. And thus is accounted for the absence of great manufacturing and commercial establishments, and of large inland communities.

New Egypt, a village of nine hundred inhabitants, is situated on both sides of Cropwick's Creek, in the extreme western portion of the county, and very near to the boundary line between the old provinces of West Jersey and East Jersey. Liberal educational advantages are provided by a graded public school and by the New Egypt Seminary and Female College. The latter named institution has been in existence for more than

forty years, possessing full collegiate powers, and has fitted scores of young men for college and for business life, and has educated many young ladies who have become successful teachers and adornments to society. George D. Horner, A. M., was its principal for thirty-seven years, and he was succeeded by a most scholarly man and divine in the person of the Rev. Dr. Wallace. There are three churches—Methodist, Presbyterian and Roman Catholic. The industries of the town comprise a large cannery, a shirt manufactory, two flour mills, and carriage factories. Cranberries

and huckleberries are produced in large quantities in the neighborhood, and are marketed in New York City.

LAKEWOOD.

Lakewood is a beautiful inland village of twenty-eight hundred inhabitants (increased to five thousand in the summer season), situated in the northern part of Ocean county, not quite ten miles from where the Metedecong River expands into a bay.

The town was originally known as Bricksburg, named for Joseph W. Brick, who was manager of the Bergen Iron Works, in the near vicinity. After the decay of the iron industry, in 1865 the Bricksburg Land and Improvement Company was incorporated and planned to bring the land into

use in small tracts for fruit raising. Settlers came from New York and New England, and about one hundred and twenty-five dwelling houses, with a school house and three churches, were erected, and the village was laid out practically as it is to-day, with spacious avenues and streets.

The primary plan of forming a fruit growing community proved abortive, however, and in 1879 Captain A. M. Bradshaw, a pioneer resident,