East Jersey deeded to the Laird of Monyvard by the Earl of Perth. As early as 1676 William Lawrence obtained lands at Cohansey through his agent, Anthony Page, also one of the Middletown Patentees. His children inherited those lands in the different parts of the State. William Lawrence, Jr., married Ruth Gibbons and remained in Middletown. Hannah Lawrence married Joseph Grpver, of Middletown. John and Joseph became identified with Manasquan, and Elisha, born about 1666, married Lucy Stout, daughter or granddaughter of Richard and Penelope Stout. In 1688 and 1690 Elisha Lawrence obtained lots of land in Middletown. In 1698 his father conveyed to him lots of land amounting to 123 . acres. He also purchased in 1698 the 280 acres sold by John Crawford and his wife, Abigail, when they moved to Cape May. Elisha Lawrence moved westward toward Upper Freehold and Crosswicks with other sons of the Middletown Patentees. He had four daughters, "Hannah, who married Richard Salter: Elizabeth, who married Joseph Salter; Sarah, who married John Embers, and Rebecca, who married a New Yorker named Watson," and three sons, Joseph, Elisha and John. The latter "ran the noted Lawrence's line between East and West Jersey." He was born in 1708 and "married Mary, daughter of William Hartshorne, and had children as follows: John, a physician who died unmarried; Helena, who married James Holmes, merchant, New York; Lucy, who married Rev, Henry Waddell, of New York, who was installed pastor of the Episcopal church at Shrewsbury, in 1788; Elizabeth, who married William Le Compte, of Georgia; Sarah and Mary, who died single, and Elisha, who married Mary Ashfield, of New York, and who was sheriff of Monmouth county at the breaking out of the Revolution." ("Old Times in Monmouth.") The Lawrences were Loyalists in the war for independence.

Elisha Lawrence, the son of Elisha Lawrence and Lucy Stout, had a son named John Brown Lawrence, who was the father of Captain James Lawrence. He had served gallantly in the Tripolitan war with Commodore Bainbridge, Captain Richard Somtrs, and Lieutenant James Biddle. When Captain Lawrence fell dying into the arms of his brother-in-law, Lieutenant Cox, he uttered the few Anglo-Saxon monosyllables "Don't give up the ship. So long as an American seaman can sail a vessel in any of the world's oceans they will never be forgotten. Lieutenant Cox was also descended from a Middletown Patentee, Thomas Cox. As his descendants moved westward to the Ohio valley in a critical hour, another of this name arose to fame, Samuel S. Cox, the orator and statesman. He was the crator of the day at the centennial celebration of the battle of Monmouth, and was introduced by Governor Joel Parker as follows: "I have the pleasure of introducing the Hon. Samuel S. Cox, of New York, a gentle

man through whose veins courses patriotic blood, whose grandfather fought in the Revolution, whose father and mother were born in Monmouth county," etc. In the United States Senate in 1861, he most eloquently defended the Union of the States.

Like Lieutenant Cox, there were many Jersey men of the old stock who first made the "man behind the gun' famous in the history of cur navy, but their names individually are not recorded. Even Joseph Bainbridge, the brother of the Commodore, although a gallant officer, is scarcely remembered.

Although the Bainbridges, Taylors and Lawrences were Tories they regarded themselves only as loyal to a legitimate government. Had the rebellion of the Colonies failed theirs would have been the proud boast of true loyalty. This does not excuse the arrogance or brutality to which some of them stooped, but perhaps the shame of it in the light of failure taught their children, equal loyalty to. the new government, and the generous magnanimity to a fallen foe for which they became distinguished. Defeat taught pity and sympathy for the fallen. The crew of an American ship would fight like demons while the battle raged, but when the enemy surrendered they, with equal zeal, struggled to save the lives of the rem nant of the crew on board the ship their guns had shattered, even giving their own lives in the risks taken to accomplish that noble purpose. Such precedents had been established by the soldiers and sailors of the Revolution, nor were the children of the defeated loyalists to fall below that standard.

During the eighth century Charlemagne, in his wars against the Saxons, drove thousands of them from their homes. They fled for sake of their religion, for sake of liberty, joining other tribes of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. They not only infested and settled upon the shores of Great Britain, but they especially planned predatory expeditions against France and the domains of the great emperor—ascending the principal navigable rivers of his kingdom of France. Charlemagne not only massacred the Saxons and forced them to adopt Christianity, but he transplanted many of them into Flanders, Switzerland and other parts of his empire. The Saxons, Batavians and Fresians were kindred tribes whom the Romans had never conquered. They were the race from which, between two and three centuries before, the Vikings had sailed to the conquest of Romanized. Britain. Thus unto the maritime province of France there came a strong infusion of Saxon blood, with all its liberty-loving and commercial spirit. These people became the founders of cities at the mouths of the great rivers of France. In 902 Rollo, a Norseman, obtained the duchy of Normandy,

thus holding the mouth of the Seine. These people formed the middle or commercial classes. Early in the twelfth century Louis VI chartered towns, giving them rights of self-government and self-defense. They were to support the King against the feudal lords of old Frankish stuck. Hie crusades and the fall of Constantinople brought learning and commerce to these cities, and prepared them for the adoption of the principles of the Reformation. Under her Norman and Plantagenet Kings, Norman England held and controlled many of the maritime provinces and cities of France. Not until the close of the fifteenth century did France obtain possession of Britagne from England, under whose control it had been for several centuries.

During the domination of Europe by Charles V, and the persecution of the Protestants of the Low Countries, Fiance and England were comparatively friendly, and Francis I encouraged commerce. Protestantism, neglected by the authorities, grew strong in France, until persecutions were commenced in the short reign of Henry II, son of Francis II, and Catherine de Medici. The century which commenced with the edict of Charles V against the Netherlands (1550) and closed with the Peace of Westphalia (1648) is the most pitiful, the most terrible, in the history of Europe. The Duke of Alva, with the wealth of the murdered and plundered Peruvians and Mexicans, ravaged the most free, most peaceful, most learned and civilized people, as well as the richest portion of Europe— the Flemish lowlands. Catherine de Medici urged her son to the horrors of St. Bartholomew (1572), when the streets of cities flowed with the blood of the Huguenots, the merchants and middle classes of France, her most educated and refined people. Seven years later Holland, Zealand, Utrecht, Friesland, Groningen, Overyssel and Gelderland, the United Provinces, declared themselves independent of Spain, under the leadership of William the Silent, Prince of Orange. About one year after his death, in 1585, the army of the Duke of Parma destroyed Antwerp, the richest city of Europe, and its inhabitants fled to Holland to enrich the city of Amsterdamı. The commerce of England and France profited by the coming of these merchant and artisan exiles and they were made welcome. These Protestant Walloons or French speaking inhabitants of Artois, Hainault, Namur, Luxemburg, Flanders and Brabant—the Catholic Netherlands—were Calvinists, and sometimes called Huguenots. The threads of the history of the Dutch and French Protestants are interwoven like the threads of the Flemish tapestries, portraying scenes of heroism, martyrdom, love and war.

Sir Martin Schenck Van Nydeck, "Lord of Toutenburg in Gelderland. Knight and Marshal of the Camp." was born at Goch in 1643. He inherited no property save his sword, but he became celebrated for his bravery in the wars of the Low Countries. Through a long line of ancestors he

is said to have been descended from Colve de Witte, Baron Van Toutenburg, who was killed in a battle with the Danes in 878 or 880, about sixtyeight years after the death of Charlemagne. Sir Martin served for a short time as page to the Lord of Yeselstein. While still but a youth he joined the forces of William, Prince of Orange, at the head of twenty-two men-at-arms. He became angry because estates which he should have received were withheld from him by the Estates General, and for a time. he served with their enemy, the Duke of Parma, but on May 25, 1585, he declared his allegiance to the Dutch Republic, and served it to his death. He became known as a terrible soldier and leader. He was knighted by Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, as the representative of Queen Elizabeth of England. Soon after this, accompanied by the "Mad Welshman," Roger Williams, he made a furious nocturnal attack upon Parma before Venlo. He built the fort which then and long after bore his name "Schencken Schaus," at the important point where the Rhine, opening its arms to enclose "the good meadow," the Island of Batavia. where his race had first settled, there on the outermost part of the Republic, and looking straight from his fastness into the hostile States of Munster, Westphalia and the Electorate, the bold knight took his stand in the face of all enemies. He was drowned in the Waal at Nymegen, on August 11th, 1589. Falling or jumping into the water, he was borne down by his iron armor. Sir Martin had a brother, General Peter Schenck, who also served with the Prince of Orange, and who was also born at Goch, in 1547. He married at Doesburgb, May 17th, 1580. Johanna Van Scherpenzeel, and their son, Martin Schenck Van Nydeck, born August 7th, 1584, is supposed to be the Martin Schenck who with his two sons, Roelof and Jan, and daughter Anetje, emigrated from Amersfoort, Holland. Sailing in "de Valckener," Captain Wilhelm Thomassen, they arrived in New York on June 28th. 1650. The Schencks and many other families with similar histories settled at Flatlands, Long Island. They had been ruined in fortune by the devastations of the Thirty Years War. ("Ancestry and Descendants of Rev. William Schenck," by Captain A. D. Schenck. U. S. A.)

The oldest son of Martin Schenck, Roelif Marteuse Schenck, was born in Amersfoort, Province of Utrecht, Holland, in 1619. He married (in 1660) Neeltje, the daughter of Gerrit Wolphertse Van Couwenhoven, a son of Wolfert Gerritson Van Couwenhoven, who came to America from Amersfoort in 1630, to Rensselaerwick, now Albany, New York. ("Early Dutch Settlers of Monmouth County, New Jersey," by George C. Beckman.) This was the first of the long list of marriages between the Schencks and Conovers (Von Couwenhovens) in this country. There is

certainly a remarkable affinity between the two families. No matter how separated by fate, they inevitably gravitated toward each other. Roelif Martinse Schenck became Magistrate of "the five Dutch Towns" of Long. Jsland, February 21st, 1664; "Schepen" of Amersfoort, August 18th, 1673; Lieutenant of Militia, October 25, 1673; Deputy to Council at New Amsterdam, March 26th, 1674; commissioned "Justice" for Kings county, New York, by Lieutenant Governor Leisler, December 12th, 1689; commissioned "Captain of Horse" for Kings County, January 13th. 1690. His will was proved August 3d, 1705. By his first wife he had the two sons, Garret Roelifse Schenck and Jan Roelifse Schenck, who settled in Monmouth county, New Jersey. Roelif Martinse Schencks's second wife was Anetje Pieterse Wycoff (married 1675), and his third wife was Catherine Cruiger, "widow of the late Christopher Hoagland."

October 7th, 1695, John Bowne, of Middletown, granted a deed to "Gerret Schenck, Stephen Courte Voorhuys, Cornelius Couwenhoven and Peter Wycoff, of Flatlands (alias Amesfort, Kings county, Long Island), for five hundred acres in Middletown, as per patent of March 10th. 1685. Gerret Roelifse Schenck settled in Monmouth county about 1696, and his brother, Jan Roelifse (on March 30th, 1697) received by deed from Peter Wycoff his fourth of the above purchase and settled on it soon afterward. The descendants of these men are to be found in every part of the United States. The history of this family almost from the remote days of Charle-. magne to the present is typical of the race to which it belonged. Their standard of respectability and integrity, their force of character and moral cleanliness, seems to have been constantly maintained throughout the centuries. They were ever active members of the community to which they belonged, and defenders of its liberties. They always preserved the democratic traits of the old Saxon chieftains.

The intermarriages of the descendants of Sheriff Daniel Hendrickson and his wife, Catherine Van Dyke, of old Dutch families, perfectly illustrates the amalgamation of the nationalities which were represented in the colonization of New Jersey. They married into the families of the Dutch Scbencks, Van Maters and Conovers; the English Holmes; the French Du Boises and Schurmans; the Scotch Formans and Pattersons; and the Welsh Lloyds. A John Hendrickson (in 1793) married Mary, daughter of John Lloyd and Sarah Cowenhoven. Another daughter married Nicholas Stevens, a grandson of Benjamin Stevens, of Old Tennent. Church, and of Scotch descent. On November 28tb, 1805, their son, John Lloyd Stevens, was born at Shrewsbury, New Jersey. He became a famous traveler and archeologist and vice president of the Panama Railroad Com