1704 June 9, June 14. in Flanders, under the duke of Wirtemberg, followed tha duke of Marlborough, who marched from Ladenburg to Mildenheim, where, the next day, prince Eugene paid him a vifit. The confultations between the prince and the duke lafted feveral hours; and it was agreed upon, that the two armies fhould join, and the duke and prince Lewis of Baden fhould command each day alternately, and that prince Eugene fhould go upon the Rhine to command a feparate army. June 12. The troops being drawn up in order of battle, the duke accompanied prince Eugene to a review, when the prince feemed wonderfully pleafed to find them in fuch excellent order after fo long a march (a). a march (a). The next day, prince Lewis of Baden arrived in the camp at Great-Heppach, where a conference was held in the evening. The day following the troops marched from Great-Heppach, and prince Lewis went to his army on the Danube, and prince Eugene rid poft for Philipfburgh to command the army on the Rhine, and on the 22d joined prince Lewis of Baden at Wafterftet. On the 24th the army marched from thence to Elchingen, the next day to Gingen. On the 30th the army marched from thence to Landthauffen on the right, and Balmertfhoffen on the left, and paffed fo near the enemy's camp, that lieutenant-general Bulau was fent out the night before with a detachment of two thousand horfe and dragoons, to fecure the avenues, by which they might have difturbed the march of the allies, who, by this means, proceeded without any oppofition. On the firft of July they continued their march in fight of the enemy's intrenchments at Dillingen, and incamped the right at Amerdighen, and the left at Onderingen. While they lay in this camp, the duke received advice, that the elector of Bavaria had fent the best of his infantry to reinforce count d'Arco, who was posted at Schellenberg, a rifing ground on the Danube, near Donawert, where, for feveral days, he had caufed fome thoufands of men to work upon intrenchments, as being a poft of vaft importance. The duke refolved to march and attack the enemy; and the neceflary directions being given to the army, on the 2d Schellen of July, early in the morning, he advanced with a detachberg, The bat. tle of ment rage which appears in the countenance of the foldiers, "of which I never faw the like in any troops." Lamberti Ill. 8o.. ment of thirty fquadrons of English and Dutch, a confiderable number of foot commanded by lieutenant-general Goor, three battalions of imperial grenadiers under prince Lewis of Baden, and the reft of the army followed with all poffible diligence. But the march being long, and the ways very 1 bad, they could not reach the river Wermitz, which run by Donawert, till about noon, and it was three hours before the bridges were finifhed, for the troops and cannon to pafs over. About five o'clock in the afternoon, they came before Schellenberg, and the duke of Marlborough moved up with the horse as near the enemy's intrenchments as was neceffary to take a view of them. In the mean time, the artillery began to fire upon the enemy, who anfwered briskly from their batteries for about an hour, when the English and Dutch foot, fupported by the horfe and dragoons, began the attack with prodigious refolution, before the imperialists could arrive; but, having the greatcft part of the enemy's forces to contend with, they were at firft obliged to give ground. Soon after the imperialifts came up very feafonably, and being led on in good order by prince Lewis of Baden, advanced to the enemy's works without once firing, threw their fascines into the ditch, and pafled over with inconfiderable lofs. The enemy's horfe charged them vigorously, but were repulfed; and then, the imperial cavalry entering their intrenchments, and the English and Dutch breaking in about the fame time, the confederates made a dreadful flaughter of the enemy. Lieutenant-general Goor, who commanded the first detachment of foot, and major-general Beinheim, both in the Dutch fervice, loft their lives very much lamented. The horfe and dragoons fhared the glory of the day with the infantry, and all the confederate troops behaved themselves with incredible bravery and refolution. But, as the attack was begun by a battalion of the English foot-guards, and the regiments of Orkney and Ingoldfby, they fuffered very much. The enemy's forces confifted of thirty-two thousand men, all choice troops, commanded in chief by count d'Arco, and under him by two Bavarian and two French lieutenant-generals. As foon as the confederates had poffeffed the intrenchments, the enemy ran away in great confufion to Donawert and the Danube'; but, being clofely pursued by the horse and dragoons, a great many followed the example of their generals, who faved themfelves by fwimming over that river. The lots of the enemy was computed to be about fix thousand men. The confe derates made themfelves mafters of fixteen pieces of cannon, 1704. 1704. thirteen colours, with all their tents and baggage. The duke of Marlborough gained great honour in this action, giving directions with extraordinary prefence of mind, and expofing his perfon to the greateft danger. Prince Lewis of Baden was wounded, having performed the part of a brave experienced general; as was alfo the hereditary prince of Heffe Caffel, who, throughout the whole action, gave fignal proofs of an undaunted courage. Count Stirum was mortally wounded. General Thungen, count Horn, lieutenant-general Wood, major-general Paland, and several other officers of diftinction, were likewife wounded. The next day, the Bavarian garrifon quitted Donawert (a) upon the approach of the confederates, and broke down the bridges, but had not time to deftroy their ammunition and provifions, as they had intended. The elector of Bavaria was no fooner informed of the defeat of his troops at Schellenberg, then he quitted his ftrong camp between Dillingen and Lavingen, and came to the other fide of the Danube, over-against Donawert, in his march to the river Leche, to prevent the confederates cutting off his retreat to his country. On the 5th of July, the duke of Marlborough paffed the Danube near Donawert; and, on the 17th, count de Frife, with a detachment of four-thousand men and twelve pieces of cannon, marched over the river Leche, and took poft in the county of Bavaria. The whole army marched at the fame time, and incamped with the right at Hamber, and the left at Ginderkingen. Upon the firft notice of the allies having begun to pafs the Leche, the garrifon of Newburg marched out and retired to Ingoldftadt. Whereupon a detachment of dragoons was immediately fent out by the duke of Malborough to take poffeffion of that place; and prince Lewis of Baden ordered general Herberville, who commanded a feparate body of between three and four-thoufand inen on the other fide of the Danube, to remain there for the fecurity of that important place, and for the drawing of provifions out of Franconia for the fubfiftence of the confederate troops, while they continued in Bavaria. On the Toth, the whole army paffed the Leche; and, on the 13th (a) Donawert is a city of Germany, in the confines of Suabia, Neuberg, and Bavaria. It was taken by the duke of Marlborough after the memorable victory above mentioned. count It ftands on the river Danube, twenty-five miles north of Augfburg, feventeen weft of Neuburg, and forty-four north east of Ulm. Tcount Vecklen, general of the Palatine horse, arrived from 1704. S in order to fuccour the elector of Bavaria; for which reason he defired a reinforcement of horse, to inable him the better to obferve the enemy's motions. Upon which prince Maximilian of Hanover was detached with thirty fquadrons of imperial horse, with orders to join prince Eugene with all poffible diligence, The enemy having left a garrifon at Rain (a), the con- Rain furfederate generals refolved to attack it; and, in order there- renders to to, the army decamped from Ginderkingen, paffed the the allies. Leche, and came with the right to Stauda, and the left to Berchiem. The garrifon at firft feemed refolved to defend the place to the last extremity; but the befiegers playing upon the town with twenty-feven pieces of cannon, their approaches were carried on fo fuccefsfully, that in two days July 16. the governor defired to capitulate: and, the articles being agreed on, the garrifon marched out the next day, to the. number of about four hundred foot, commanded by the count de Mercy, brigadier-general, and were conducted by a party of horse to the elector of Bavaria's camp near Augsburg. There were found in the place twenty four brafs cannon, a confiderable quantity of provifions, and fome ammunition. The allies, encouraged by the fuccefs of their arms, were willing to push their advantages; and, on the 18th, marched to attack the poft of Aicha, which had a garrison of eight or nine hundred Bavarians; who refufing to fubmit, were. part of them put to the fword, the reft made prifoners of war, and the town permitted to be plundered by the foldiers. The confederate army having refreshed themselves two days at Aicha, marched from thence on the 21ft, and the next day poffeffed themselves of Friburg. The duke of Marlborough having now the elector of Ba- Burnet. varia at so great a disadvantage, entered upon a treaty with him, and offered him what terms he could defire, either for himself or his brother, even to the paying him the whole charge of the war, upon condition that he would immediately break with the French, and fend his army into Italy The elector's fubto join with the imperialifts there. jects, who were now at mercy, preffed him vehemently to (a) Rain is a little town in Germany, in the circle of Bayaria, near the Danube and accept Leche, fix miles eaft of Dona- 1704 accept of these terms; and he feemed inclined to hearken to them, and meffengers went often between the two armies. But this was done only to gain time, for he fent courier after courier with most preffing inftances to haften the advance of the French army. When he faw, that he could gain no more time, the matter went fo far, that articles were ordered to be made ready for figning, which, in conclufion, he refused to do. This refufal was highly refented by the duke of Marlborough and prince Lewis of Baden, who immediately fent out the count de la Tour, general of the imperial horfe, and the count of eaft Frifeland, lieutenant-general in the Dutch service, with thirty fquadrons of horse and dragoons, to plunder and burn the country of Bavaria as far as Munich, the capital city, hoping, that either a generous compaffion for his fubjects, or the want of fubfiftence, would conquer the elector's obftinacy. In the mean time, the inhabitants of these parts were in the greatest confternation, and fent deputies to the duke of Marlborough, offering to pay large contributions to prevent military execution. But the duke replied, "That the forces of the queen of Great"Britain were not come into Bavaria to get money, but "to bring their prince to reafon." The two generals therefore put their commiffion in execution with the utmost feverity, while the elector of Bavaria and the marshal de. Marlin, having evacuated Ratisbon, were obliged to confine themselves within their ftrong camp and intrenchments at Augfburg, in expectation of another army from France under Marthal Tallard, which, notwithstanding all the vigilance and precaution of prince Eugene, arrived before the end of July at Biberach near Ulm, to the number of about twenty-two thoufand men. Upon this, the elector marched with his army from Augsburg, and took that opportunity to join the French. The confederate army, under the duke of Marlborough, having intelligence of thefe proceedings, decamped on the 4th of Auguft from Friburg, and marched that night to Kippach. The next morning they encamped from thence, and marched to Hokenwert, where they continued two days. During that time, the duke of Marlborough, prince Eugene, and prince Lewis of Baden held a council of war; wherein it was agreed, that prince Lewis fhould befiege Ingoldstadt, whilft the other two were to obferve the elector of Bavaria. On the 8th, the army under the duke of Marlborough marched from Hokenwert to St. Sanditzel; and, on the 9th |