To whom is the first jingle addressed? the second? What mark is placed after the name of the person or thing addressed? Copy the following sentences, putting a comma between the name of the person or thing addressed and the rest of the sentence. 1. Then he said to Hiawatha, "Go my son into the forest." 2. And the birds sang round him, o'er him, 3. Give me of your bark O Birch Tree, 4. Give me of your boughs O Cedar, 5. Give me of your quills O Hedgehog, 6. O my little friend the squirrel 233 A STORY TO PLAY ROLAND AND OLIVER Dear to the heart of the emperor, Charles the Great, of France was Roland, his nephew. And dear to the heart of Roland was his trusted comrade, Oliver. Now the emperor, having laid waste the land of Spain, was riding with a goodly company toward the pleasant fields of France. But Roland and Oliver he left with the rear-guard in the mountain passes of Spain. This pleased Ganelon, Roland's stepfather, for he had set his heart on destroying Roland, the great emperor's right arm in battle. With the Saracen leaders he plotted to wipe out the brave little band that held the mountain passes. So it came to pass that when Oliver went up into a high place and looked away to the right, across a grassy valley, he saw the host of the heathen coming on, and cried aloud to Roland, his comrade, saying, "From the side of Spain, I behold a great tumultthousands of white hauberks and gleaming helms. Ganelon, the traitor, has brought this evil upon us." "Peace, Oliver," said Count Roland; "he is my mother's husband. Speak not ill of him." Oliver looked again, and saw from the height a great multitude of banners flying. He was all astonished at the sight, and hastened, breathless, down the hill until he came to the Franks. "I have seen the pagans," he said. "Never was so great a host of living men. Ye lords of France, may God give you courage! Stand firm, that we be rot overcome!" "Evil befall him who flees!" then said the Franks. "Death may be our lot, but we will never fail thee." "Great is the host of the heathen," said Oliver; "and we are but a handful. Roland, dear comrade, I pray thee sound thy horn of ivory. Haply Charles may hear it and return with all his host." "That were but folly," quoth Roland. "Rather will I strike good blows and great, with Durendal, my faithful sword. Woe to the paynims who come into these passes!" "Roland, comrade, blow now thy horn of ivory; and Charles shall hear it, and bring hither his army again; and the king and his barons shall help us!" But Roland answered him, saying, "Now God forbid that I should bring shame upon my kinsmen, or that through me dishonor should befall sweet France. The paynims have gathered their hosts to their own hurt this day. Nothing shall save them!" "Roland, my comrade, blow thy horn of ivory, that Charles may hear it as he passes the mountains, and return hither!" But Roland answered him yet again, "It shall not be said of any living man that I sounded my horn for dread of paynims. My kinsmen shall never be called upon to bear that reproach. But I will deal deadly blows upon them with my good sword Durendal. And my men will lay on right valiantly." Said Oliver, "Of what shame dost thou speak? The plains and valleys are covered with the hosts of the enemy, and we are but a feeble company." And Roland made answer, "For that cause is my desire the greater. Rather would I die than suffer dishonor. The emperor loves us because we strike hard." Then Oliver cried aloud, "Roland, prithee look! They are close upon us, but Charles is far off! Blow, I pray thee, thy horn of ivory. He may yet turn and help us!" But the brave Roland answered him, "My Oliver, speak not in cowardly fashion. Our good right arms shall deal deadly blows!" And when Roland saw that the heathen pressed close upon them, he waxed fiercer than lion or leopard; and to Oliver he said, "Comrade, friend, for his king and people, a man ought to suffer every hardship, and give his body gladly. Lay on with thy lance; and I will smite with Durendal, my good sword that my uncle, the emperor, gave me. If I die here, may he who shall wield it after me say, 'This was the sword of a brave fighter.' The enemy is upon us! Lay on!" From The Song of Roland. Act out the story. How will you set your stage? Where will you begin your play? Who are the speakers? How will you represent the Franks? When Roland and Oliver leave the stage, where do they go? How can you suggest this in acting the scene? 234 LEARNING TO COPY Whittier wrote the following lines while hearing the bells ring in celebration of the abolition of slavery. Copy them. It is done! Clang of bell and roar of gun How the belfries rock and reel! Ring and swing, Bells of joy! On morning's wing Tell the nations that He reigns, Who alone is Lord and God! -J.G.Whittier. 235 USING THE VOICE F 1. Take the deep breathing exercise. 2. Be sure to follow the directions that are given on page 26. 3. Repeat the exercise ten times. 4. Now say fine, five, found. 5. Notice the position of your lower lip and upper teeth in making this sound. 6. Breathe in gently and deeply. 7. Breathe out, forming the sound of f. 8. Notice that this sound is made by blowing between the teeth and lower lip. Repeat the following words after your teacher, breathing correctly each time: Write down all the words containing the sound of f that you can think of in five minutes. Read your words aloud clearly, and say carefully all the sounds in them that you have learned to speak correctly. The one who has thought of the greatest number of words in the five minutes and who reads them without making a mistake wins the game. |