The South is passing through a crisis, out of which it will emerge inevitably changed in many ways. It is hardly possible that it will in this process remain unaffected by a Church which has left such a deep and abiding influence upon every civilization which came into contact with it.

Whatever the outcome, every sensible man must earnestly trust that it will be effected without that intolerance which has in the past so often disgraced both Catholics and Protestants, and in this connection let our separated brethren remember this fact, namely, that it was a Catholic who first put into practice that fundamental tenet of Americanismreligious toleration. It was Lord Baltimore who in his Catholic colony of Maryland first proved to the world the feasibility of a government under which every man could practice his religion unmolested by his fellow citizens of different beliefs. The profound influence of his example is, of course, a matter of history; and if there were nothing else than this, this fact alone should remain as an everlasting monument to the glory of the Catholic Church in the South, and as well an enduring claim to the respect, even if not the adherence, of every Southerner for that same faith.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.-The handiest manual is A History of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States by Thomas O'Gorman (American Church History Series, New York, 1895). The author supplies an exhaustive bibliography. The fullest historical account is in the works of John Gilmary Shea: Catholic Church in Colonial Days, Life and Times of Archbishop Carroll and History of the Catholic Church (from 1808 to 1866, 3 vols., New York). The most complete and up-to-date narrative of the Catholic settlement of the colony of Maryland is Maryland: the Land of Sanctuary by William T. Russell (Baltimore, 1907). A complete list of biographies, memoirs, magazine articles, original manuscripts and other sources of information is given in the above mentioned work of O'Gorman.

LUCIAN JOHNSTON,

St. Ann's Church, Baltimore, Md.

CHAPTER XI.

THE INFLUENCE OF JUDAISM IN THE SOUTH.

UDAISM means a different thing to different minds. Broadly speaking, it designates the religion, the spiritual culture, and the ideals of the Jews. Whatever influence, therefore, Judaism has had in the South, it has wielded through the life of its adherents. Being the religion of a minority, its opportunity for the formal control of affairs naturally is limited. Observing, however, the part taken by its followers in the life of the community, and their contributions to the common weal, we may justly judge of what Judaism has done for the progress of the Southland.

Indirectly, it may be prefaced, Judaism has had a vast influence on American civilization. As the parent of Christianity, it has impressed its mark on the life of the Republic. From the Bible-Israel's masterwork, the Decalogue, the ethical precepts and social ideals of the Jewish prophets, was quarried most of the material for the spiritual and moral structure of America. More directly, however, we must seek the effect of Judaism on the South in the lives of its actual adherents, who by their conduct and endeavors have shown the nature and power of Jewish ideals.

The Southern Jew as a Patriot.

The Jew in the South has been a patriot. Patriotism is an essential doctrine of Judaism. There is an impression in some quarters that the Jews are a people without a country. How unfortunate that such a notion should still exist! For

thousands of years, since the fall of Judæa, the Jews have survived as a religious body. They have given an unequaled example of the conserving power of a mighty spiritual ideal. Politically, however, they have invariably adhered to the country of their birth or adoption. No fault of theirs, that some countries have disowned or outlawed them. Their loyalty, in most instances, has proven quenchless. The Jews driven from Spain in the year 1492 by the fanaticism and cruelty of their Catholic rulers and neighbors, were none the less in all matters but their faithin language, in culture, in habits, in patriotism-like the other Spaniards. Moreover, from the very beginning of Israel's experience as a dweller of countries other than Palestine, loyalty formed a vital part of his religion. "Seek the peace of the city," was the message of Jeremiah to Israel in Babylon, "and pray unto the Lord for it: for in the peace thereof shall ye have peace."

In the history of Southern patriotism the names of Jewish citizens are inscribed in letters of gold from the very earliest days of the Republic. Benjamin Levy, of Baltimore, was conspicuous enough to be on the committee arranging the celebration in honor of the adoption of the Constitution. During the Revolutionary War, the Jews of South Carolina and Georgia were found fighting, like the rest of the population, on both sides. Of course, it is the men who battled for independence whose memories have remained most precious. Foremost among the latter was Francis Salvador, scion of an old Jewish family, who held a high place among the revolutionary leaders in South Carolina. He was a member of the first and second provincial congresses (1775-1776), attaining eminence in debate as well as on committees of first importance. With Colonel Pinckney, for example, he formed a special committee to verify the