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be somewhat stronger for his friends than for his enemies. More-
over, his election contests bring him into familiarity with men of the
law and of other departments of business whose opinions he is bound
to hear, and by whose suggestions he is liable to be influenced.
These and many other considerations lead us to think that an
elective assembly,-even if we could suppose such an assembly
exclusively composed of upright and independent men,-is not
likely to be so fair a tribunal for dispensing individual justice, as an
hereditary body which by birth, by rank, by society, and by
wealth is separated from, and we may say elevated above, the per-
sonal familiarity, the private obligations, the local interests, which
must in some degree trammel and influence a representative.

Thus, then, not only is the House of Lords venerable by its
primæval origin and rank, its ancient services, its large proprietary
interest in the well-being of the country, in short, by all the
sources of authority, but it is even, in a utilitarian view, from
lucky circumstances, most admirably fitted for all the various
functions which the constitution assigns to it. And after all
this, we think we may ask what becomes of the sneer which com-
pares hereditary legislators with hereditary apothecaries and tailors?

Far be it from us to disparage the other branch of the legis-
lature, but we appeal to public opinion, nay, even to mob orators
and their gaping audiences, whether, on a comparison of the com-
position of the two houses of parliament, and the talent, dignity,
and honesty with which they execute their respective functions,
there is any ground for imputing to the Upper House any incom-
petence or inferiority? Of one thing we are sure, that Mr.
O'Connell's elective plan would never collect one with a quarter of
its talent, or a tithe of its respectability.

We have thus offered in a very hasty and imperfect form a few
considerations on the practical advantages, and, if we may use the
expression, working qualities of the House of Lords as at present
constituted. They are, we feel, feebly stated, but they may serve
to guide others to a deeper consideration of the details of this ad-
mirable combination, which we are satisfied must appear still more
admirable the closer it is examined.

We shall conclude with recalling to our readers' serious reflection
the historical warning, and we hope instruction, afforded by four
most remarkable epochs and stages of the Grand Rebellion.

I. The Bishops were excluded from Parliament.

II. The House of Lords was first reformed, and then abolished.
III. The King's head was cut off.

IV. Cromwell burst into the House of Commons, and ordered
his soldiers to Take away that bauble!

INDEX

TO THE

FIFTY-SIXTH VOLUME OF THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.

A.

AUSTIN, Mrs., her translation of Fre-
derick von Raumer's England im
jahre 1835. See Raumer.

B.

Back, Captain, his Journal of the Arctic
Land Expedition to the Mouth of the
Great Fish River, and along the Shores
of the Arctic Ocean, in the Years
1833, 4, and 5, 278-the author a
straightforward veracious traveller, ib.
-the unflinching companion of Frank-
lin and Richardson, in their perilous
adventures, ib.-object of the present
mission, ib.-an Indian canoe on the
Great Slave Lake described, 279-the
party reach Hoar Lake River, 280
-Beverley's Fall, ib-anecdote of
Sir John Franklin, ib.-reach Lake
Walmesley, 282-and Lake Aylmer,
ib.-discover the Thlew-ee-choh, or
Back's River, ib.-reach the spot
where Mr. M'Cleod had been sent to
establish their winter quarters, 283-
character of the native Indians, ib.-
their sufferings for want of provisions,
ib.-intensity of the cold, 285-the
author receives intelligence of the
safety of Ross and his party, 286-he
proceeds to the shore of the Arctic
Sea, 287-regains Back's River, ib.-
passage of heavy rapids and cascades,
288-falls in with a party of Esqui-
maux, ib.-Cape Victoria, 290-Mount
Barrow, 292-laborious exertions of
the party on their return, 294-reach
Garry's Lake, ib.-a tremendous wa-
terfall near Fort Reliance described,
295-merits of the Journal as a lite-
rary composition, 296-opinion of Sir
John Barrow of the practicability of a
North-West Passage, ib.-plan re-
commended by Dr. Richardson, 298-
and by Sir John Franklin, ib.—and
sanctioned by Captain Beaufort, 299.
Balsac, M. de, general character of his
writings, 81-his Vicaire des Ar-

dennes, 82-Annette et le Criminel,
83-La Peau de Chagrin, ib.-his
Scenes of French private life, 84-
story of La Vendetta, ib.-Les Dan-
gers de l'Inconduite, ib.-Le Bal de
Sceaux, ib.-Gloire et Malheur, 85-
La Femme Virtueuse, 86-Le Méde-
cin de Campagne, 88-and La Paix
du Ménage, ib.-Scenes of French
Provincial Life, 91-Story of Le Père
Goriot, ib.-and Les Treize, 93-his
Etudes Philosophiques, 94. See French
Novels.

Barrow, John, jun., Esq., his Tour

round Ireland in the Summer of 1835.
See Ireland.

Bridgewater Treatise, the Rev. Dr.
Buckland's. See Geology.

Brighton Downs, verses on, by Mr. Wil-

liam Stewart Rose, 402-Sonnet on,
by the Rev. Charles Townshend, 413.
Brighton Winter-piece, by Mr. William
Stewart Rose, 413.
Brutus, character of, 365.

Buckland, Rev. William, D.D., his Geo-
logy considered with reference to
Natural Theology. See Geology.
Buonaparte, Lucien, at Malta, 302.
Busaco, battle of, 308.

C.

Cæsar and the Duke of Wellington, pa-
rallel between, 218.

Canova, saying of, during his visit to
England, 309.

Chaucer, Geoffrey, his deposition in the

Scrope and Grosvenor cause, 28.
Charles the Fourth of Spain described.

142.

Cheynel, Dr. Francis, some account of
his last days, 407.

China, a General Description of the
Empire of, and its Inhabitants, by J.F.
Davis, Esq., F.R.S., 489-no country
so little understood, and so much mis-
represented, ib.-cause of the want of
accurate information, 490-its extent
and population, ib.-qualifications of

Mr. Davis for his task, 491-the Chi-
nese an original race, ib.-mythology
of China, 492-Yaou and Shun, ib.-
Confucius, ib.-period of the civili-
zation of China, ib.-absurdity of the
conjecture that the Chinese were a
colony of Egypt, 493-Chinese smell-
ing-bottles found in Egypt, ib.-go-
vernment and legislation of China, 495
-parental authority the model of po-
litical rule, ib.-occasional severity,
cruelty, and inhumanity of the go-
vernment, 496-its vigilance to pre-
vent associations and combinations of
the people, 497-spirit of clanship
among the lower orders, 498-secret
associations to effect the expulsion of
the Tartar dynasty, ib.-veneration of
the people for their emperor, ib.—the
machinery of government well calcu-
lated to preserve peace and durability,
ib.-the great council of the state, ib.
-the Six Boards, 500-office of Cen-
sors, ib.-the penal code, 501-its
cruelty in cases of treason, ib.-no
aristocracy of birth or wealth in China,
ib.-bulk of the Red Book, 502-ge-
neral admission to office, ib.--educa-
tion general and cheap, ib.-reading
and writing universal, ib.-works of
Confucius and Mencius, 503-no state
religion in China, ib.-the Budhists,
ib.-the Rationalists, 504-preventive
justice, ib.-circulation of the penal
code, ib.-nature and construction of
the Chinese language, ib.-awkward
and inconvenient manner of express
ing numerals, 507-mechanical arts,
508-printing, ib.-invention of pa-
per, ib.-gunpowder, ib.-power of the
magnet, 509-proficiency in industri-
ous and handicraft arts, ib.--general
character of the people, 511-state of
the belles-lettres, 512-the drama, ib.
-poetry, 516-novels and romances,
ib.-freedom of the press,517-state of
our commercial concerns with China,
518-vast amount of opium sinuggled
into China from India, 518-rooted
aversion from intercourse with fo-
reigners, 519-precarious state of our
commerce with China, ib.-results of
Lord Napier's mission, ib.--extrava-
gant project of Mr. Hamilton Lindsay,
519-Sir George Staunton's reply
thereto, 520-folly of maintaining an
establishment at Macao, ib.-a sub-
stitute recommended, ib.- elaborate
compilation on the history and condi-
tion of the Chinese empire, in 'The

Edinburgh Cabinet Library,' recom-
mended, 521.

Chinese, The, a General Description of
the Empire of China and its Inhabit-
ants, by John Francis Davis, Esq.,
F.R.S., 489. See China.
Cicero, public life of, 349.
Coleridge, S. T., his character of Na-
pier's History of the Peninsular War,
219.

Colquhoun, J. C., on the Policy of Re-
ducing the Established Church, and
paying the Roman Catholic Priests of
Ireland, 367, 387, 392. See Ireland.

D.

Damas, Alexandre, outline of his Souve-
nirs d'Antony, 79. See French Novels.
Davis, John Francis, Esq., F.R.S., his

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'Chinese; a General Description of
the Empire of China and its Inhabit-
ants,' 489. See China.
Drumann, W., his History of Rome
during its transition from a Republi-
can to a Monarchical Constitution; or
Pompey, Cæsar, Cicero, and their
Contemporaries, according to their
races, 332-novel plan of the work,
333-its value as a genealogical bio-
biography of the times, ib.-the Fatal-
ist school of historians, 324-a mili-
tary aristocracy the inevitable conse-
quence of the conquests of Rome, 335

-

the later history of Rome one long
revolution, 336-the city of Rome not
the governing power during the more
flourishing days of the republic, 337-
the rural tribes the ruling and influen-
tial body, ib.-causes which contri-
buted to diminish the weight and
numbers of the true plebeian order, 333
-degeneracy of the public assemblies
for the election of magistrates, 339-
shameless and unblushing bribery, ib.
-imperial pauperism of the Roman
populace, 310-the life of Sylla an il-
lustration of this state of affairs, ib.-
his ancestors, 341-his studies, ib.-
obtains the questorship, ib.-is sent to
the army employed against Jugurtha,
342-commands in Cisalpine Gaul, ib.
-obtains through purchase the pre-
torship, ib.-announces himself as the
favoured child of fortune, 343-pro-
claims himself the champion of liberty,
344-accuses Marius of tyranny, by
which act the government of Rome
was transferred to the army, ib.-his
object the province of Asia and the
Mithridatic war, 345-directs his at-

tention to the Italian allies, ib.-his
victories, 346-renews the office of
dictator, ib.-transforms the Roman
constitution into the government of an
aristocracy, ib.-his voluntary aban-
donment of the supreme sway, ib.-
public life of Cicero, 349-his conten-
tion with Clodius, 351-death of Ca-
sar, 358-Mark Antony, 361-Cas-
sius, 364-Brutus, 365-the Trium-
virs, 366.

E.

'Edinburgh Cabinet Library,' careful and
elaborate compilation on the history
and condition of the Chinese empire,
published in, 521-caution and saga-
city of its conductors, ib.
England in the Year 1835; being a
Series of Letters written to Friends in
Germany, during a Residence in Lon-
don, and Excursions into the Pro-
vinces, by Frederick von Raumer, 530.
See Raumer.

F.

Fermoy, Colonel Philip Roche, his Com-
mentary on the Memoirs of Theobald
Wolfe Tone, 367. See Tone.
Freemasons, 304.

French Novels, 65-extravagancies, ab-
surdity, and immorality of the modern
school, of, ib.-reasons for bringing this
mass of profligacy before the British
public, ib.-their influence not only
on private but public morals, 66-in-
vention of novel writing, 67-Boccac-
cio, ib.-Nouvelles de la Reine de
Navarre, ib.-Madame de la Fayette,
ib.-Lesage, ib.-Crébillou the young-
er, ib.-Voltaire's Tales, 68-Rous-
seau, ib.-estimate of his literary
merit, ib.-infamy of his personal his-
tory, 69-his Nouvelle Héloise, ib.-
Contrat Social, ib., and Confessions,
ib.-licentious novels of Diderot, La
Clos, and Louvet, ib.-disappearance
of novels in France during the Revo-
lution, 73-their revival on the fall of
Robespierre, ib.-Pigault le Brun, ib.--
profligacy of the romance literature of
France, since the July revolution, ib.
-scenes of French private life, 74-
works of Paul de Kock, 75-story of
his Nijamais ni toujours,' ib.-novels
of Victor Hugo, 77 his Hans
d'Islande, b.-Bug Jargal, ib.-Notre
Dame de Paris, ib.-and Dernier Jour
d'une Condamné, ib.-Alexandre Du-
mas, 79-outline of his Souvenirs
d'Antony, ib.-novels of M. de Balsac,

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81-his Vicaire des Ardennes, 82-
Annette et le Criminel, 83-La Peau
de Chagrin, ib.-his Scenes of Private
Life, 84-story of La Vendetta, ib.—
Les Dangers de l'Inconduite, ib.-Le
Bal de Sceaux, ib.-Gloire et Malheur,
85-La Femme Vertueuse, 86-Le
Medecin de Campagne, 88-and La
Paix du Ménage, ib.-Scenes of Pro-
vincial Lite, 91-Les Célibataires, ib.
-Eugénie Grandet, ib.-Scenes of
Parisian Life, ib.-Story of Le Père
Goriot, ib.-Le Treize, 93-his Etudes
Philosophiques, 94-novels of Michel
Raymond, b.-story of Les Intimes,
ib.-Le Puritain de Seine et Marne,
97-Tales of Michel Masson, ib.-
Contes de l'Attelier, ib.-La Femme
du Réfractaire, ib.-La Mère, ib.-La
Complainte, 98-and Le Cœur d'une
Jeune Fille, ib.-nove's of George
Sand, 99-story of Indiana, 101—Va-
lentine, 102-Jacques, 104-André, ib.
-Lelia, 105-intimate connexion of
popular literature with popular cha-
racter, 106-lapse of female chastity
the main incident in modern French
novels, ib.--modern notions on mar-
riage, 107-tragedies in real life ex-
ceeding the pictures of the novelists,
108-numerous cases of suicide in
France, 109-and trials for flagitious
offences, 113-Procès Pontalba, 116
-La Roncière, 118-Altaroche, 120
-Lacenaire, 121-Fièschi, 122-and
Delacollonge, 127-outburst of profi-
gacy in France since the July revolu-
tion, 128-personal character of Louis
Philippe, 130.

Frere, Right Hon. John Hookham,
Epistle to, by William Stewart Rose,
Esq., 400.

G.

Geology considered with reference to
Natural Theology, by the Rev. Wm.
Buckland, D.D., 31-encouragement
to the study of geology, ib.-its ten-
dency to exalt our conviction of the
power and wisdom and goodness of
the Creator, ib.-its discoveries not at
variance with the correct interpretation
of the Mosaic narrative, ib.-danger
and impolicy of connecting geological
theories with Scripture, 34-proofs of
creative design and contrivance, un-
folded to us by geology, ib.-dynami
cal changes wrought upon the crust of
the earth, 37-theory of central heat,
38-adaptation of the globe to the use
of man, 39-coal formation, ib.—

growth of vegetable productions, 40—
fossil organic remains, 43-' the po-
lice of ancient nature,' 45-organiza-
tion of the ancient mammalians, 46-
extinct animals referable to the order
of Saurians, or lizards, 47-descrip-
tion of the plesiosaurus, 49-and of
the genus pteroductyle, 51-gigantic
terrestrial lizards, 52-amphibious
crocodileans of the old world, 52-for-
toises, ib.-fossil footsteps, 53-fossil
fishes, 54-fossil chambered shells, 56
-trilobites, 59-fossil insects, 61-fos-
sil plants, 62.
German blazonry, 7.

Godoy, Don Manuel, account of, 142.
Gustavus IV., of Sweden, his visit to
Hartwell, 303.

H.

Hannibal and Napoleon, parallel be-
tween, 139.
Heraldry, 1-Controversy between Sir
Richard Scrope and Sir Robert Gros-
venor in the Court of Chivalry, ib.-
armorial bearings, ib.-their first adop-
tion, 4-origin of heraldic badges and
devices, 6-origin of supporters, 10-
habiliments of war displayed in tour-
naments, 11-Badges of Cognizance,
12-architectural use of arms, ib.-
arms on furniture and seals, &c., 13-
on sepulchral monuments, ib.-su-
preme jurisdiction in questions con-
cerning ensigns armorial, ib.-Court
of Chivalry of the High Coustable of
England, 14-suit between Lord
Scrope and Sir Robert Grosvenor fo
the right to bear the shieldazure, a
band or,' ib.-original roll of this fa-
mous contest, ib.-genealogical labours
of Sir Harris Nicolas, ib.-parties in
the Scrope and Grosvenor cause, 15-
deposition of John of Gaunt, 17-of
Henry Plantagenet, 18-of Sir John
Holland, 19-of Sir Thomas Morieux,
21 of Sir Walter Blunt, ib.—of Sir
Thomas Erpingham, 22—of Sir John
Sully, ib.-of Sir Guy Brian, 23-of
the Earl of Northumberland, 27-of
Sir Henry Percy, ib.-of Geoffrey
Chaucer, 28-of Owen Glendower, ib.
-the judgment in favour of Scrope,
29-extraordinary industry and ability
which Sir H. Nicolas has brought to
bear on the illustration of our national
history and antiquities, 30.
Horace, French translations of, 306.
Holland, Sir John, tournament in Spain
between Sir Reginald de Roye and, 20.
Hugo, Victor, character of his Hans

d'Islande, 77-Bug Jargel, ib.-Notre
Dame de Paris, ib.-and Dernier Jour
d'un Condamné, ib. See French No-
vels.

I.

Ireland, on the Policy of reducing the
Established Church of, and paying the
Roman Catholic Priests of, by J. C.
Colquhoun, Esq., 367, 387, 392. See
Tone.

Ireland, State of, 219-Ireland an un-
known country to most of the English
people, ib.-extravagant encomiums
passed by Irish demagogues on the
soil and scenery of their native coun-
try, 220-general description of the
country, ib.-and people, 221-exces-
sive poverty of the lower classes, 222
-strong contrast between the Irish
and Scotch, ib.-summary of Irish
history, ib.-the Brehon law, 223-
arrival of the English in the reign of
Henry II., ib.-grants made by Eng-
lish princes to their favourites and
partizans, 224-extension of English
law to Ireland withheld, ib.-the Eng-
lish pale, 225-Poyning's law, ib.-
Ireland wholly unprepared for the
benefits of the Reformation, ib.-re-
bellions of O'Neil, the Fitzgeralds,
and Tyrone, 226-the rebellion and
massacre of 1641, 227-its object the
re-establishment of the Catholic reli-
gion, 328-doubtful policy of Charles
I., ib.-effect of Cromwell's unrelent-
ing energy, 229-extinction of the
power of the feudal chiefs, ib.-pros-
pects of the Catholics under Charles
II. and James II., ib.-disabilities
imposed on them by William and
Anne, ib.—tranquillity in Ireland till
the conclusion of the American War,
230-White Boys, Heart of Oak
Boys, and Hearts of Steel, ib.-em-
bodying of the Irish volunteers, ib.—
repeal of Poyning's law, ib.-Peep of
Day Boys, 231-the Defenders, ib.-
Orangemen, ib.-Right Boys, ib.-
Society of United Irishmen, ib.-Ca-
tholic Convention, ib.-Act of 1793,
ib-elective franchise restored to Ca-
tholics, ib.-Maynooth Roman Catho-
lic college, ib.-rebellion of 1798, ib.
-Act of Union, 232-the Threshers,
ib.-the Ribbonmen, ib.-the Carders,
the Shanavats and Caravats, ib.-Act
for Catholic Emancipation, 233-state
of the owners and occupiers of land,
234-evils of Absenteeism, ib.-the
Irish farmer in reality a cottager, ib.

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