be somewhat stronger for his friends than for his enemies. More- over, his election contests bring him into familiarity with men of the law and of other departments of business whose opinions he is bound to hear, and by whose suggestions he is liable to be influenced. These and many other considerations lead us to think that an elective assembly,-even if we could suppose such an assembly exclusively composed of upright and independent men,-is not likely to be so fair a tribunal for dispensing individual justice, as an hereditary body which by birth, by rank, by society, and by wealth is separated from, and we may say elevated above, the per- sonal familiarity, the private obligations, the local interests, which must in some degree trammel and influence a representative.
Thus, then, not only is the House of Lords venerable by its primæval origin and rank, its ancient services, its large proprietary interest in the well-being of the country, in short, by all the sources of authority, but it is even, in a utilitarian view, from lucky circumstances, most admirably fitted for all the various functions which the constitution assigns to it. And after all this, we think we may ask what becomes of the sneer which com- pares hereditary legislators with hereditary apothecaries and tailors?
Far be it from us to disparage the other branch of the legis- lature, but we appeal to public opinion, nay, even to mob orators and their gaping audiences, whether, on a comparison of the com- position of the two houses of parliament, and the talent, dignity, and honesty with which they execute their respective functions, there is any ground for imputing to the Upper House any incom- petence or inferiority? Of one thing we are sure, that Mr. O'Connell's elective plan would never collect one with a quarter of its talent, or a tithe of its respectability.
We have thus offered in a very hasty and imperfect form a few considerations on the practical advantages, and, if we may use the expression, working qualities of the House of Lords as at present constituted. They are, we feel, feebly stated, but they may serve to guide others to a deeper consideration of the details of this ad- mirable combination, which we are satisfied must appear still more admirable the closer it is examined.
We shall conclude with recalling to our readers' serious reflection the historical warning, and we hope instruction, afforded by four most remarkable epochs and stages of the Grand Rebellion.
I. The Bishops were excluded from Parliament.
II. The House of Lords was first reformed, and then abolished. III. The King's head was cut off.
IV. Cromwell burst into the House of Commons, and ordered his soldiers to Take away that bauble!
FIFTY-SIXTH VOLUME OF THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.
AUSTIN, Mrs., her translation of Fre- derick von Raumer's England im jahre 1835. See Raumer.
Back, Captain, his Journal of the Arctic Land Expedition to the Mouth of the Great Fish River, and along the Shores of the Arctic Ocean, in the Years 1833, 4, and 5, 278-the author a straightforward veracious traveller, ib. -the unflinching companion of Frank- lin and Richardson, in their perilous adventures, ib.-object of the present mission, ib.-an Indian canoe on the Great Slave Lake described, 279-the party reach Hoar Lake River, 280 -Beverley's Fall, ib-anecdote of Sir John Franklin, ib.-reach Lake Walmesley, 282-and Lake Aylmer, ib.-discover the Thlew-ee-choh, or Back's River, ib.-reach the spot where Mr. M'Cleod had been sent to establish their winter quarters, 283- character of the native Indians, ib.- their sufferings for want of provisions, ib.-intensity of the cold, 285-the author receives intelligence of the safety of Ross and his party, 286-he proceeds to the shore of the Arctic Sea, 287-regains Back's River, ib.- passage of heavy rapids and cascades, 288-falls in with a party of Esqui- maux, ib.-Cape Victoria, 290-Mount Barrow, 292-laborious exertions of the party on their return, 294-reach Garry's Lake, ib.-a tremendous wa- terfall near Fort Reliance described, 295-merits of the Journal as a lite- rary composition, 296-opinion of Sir John Barrow of the practicability of a North-West Passage, ib.-plan re- commended by Dr. Richardson, 298- and by Sir John Franklin, ib.—and sanctioned by Captain Beaufort, 299. Balsac, M. de, general character of his writings, 81-his Vicaire des Ar-
dennes, 82-Annette et le Criminel, 83-La Peau de Chagrin, ib.-his Scenes of French private life, 84- story of La Vendetta, ib.-Les Dan- gers de l'Inconduite, ib.-Le Bal de Sceaux, ib.-Gloire et Malheur, 85- La Femme Virtueuse, 86-Le Méde- cin de Campagne, 88-and La Paix du Ménage, ib.-Scenes of French Provincial Life, 91-Story of Le Père Goriot, ib.-and Les Treize, 93-his Etudes Philosophiques, 94. See French Novels.
Barrow, John, jun., Esq., his Tour
round Ireland in the Summer of 1835. See Ireland.
Bridgewater Treatise, the Rev. Dr. Buckland's. See Geology.
Brighton Downs, verses on, by Mr. Wil-
liam Stewart Rose, 402-Sonnet on, by the Rev. Charles Townshend, 413. Brighton Winter-piece, by Mr. William Stewart Rose, 413. Brutus, character of, 365.
Buckland, Rev. William, D.D., his Geo- logy considered with reference to Natural Theology. See Geology. Buonaparte, Lucien, at Malta, 302. Busaco, battle of, 308.
Cæsar and the Duke of Wellington, pa- rallel between, 218.
Canova, saying of, during his visit to England, 309.
Chaucer, Geoffrey, his deposition in the
Scrope and Grosvenor cause, 28. Charles the Fourth of Spain described.
Cheynel, Dr. Francis, some account of his last days, 407.
China, a General Description of the Empire of, and its Inhabitants, by J.F. Davis, Esq., F.R.S., 489-no country so little understood, and so much mis- represented, ib.-cause of the want of accurate information, 490-its extent and population, ib.-qualifications of
Mr. Davis for his task, 491-the Chi- nese an original race, ib.-mythology of China, 492-Yaou and Shun, ib.- Confucius, ib.-period of the civili- zation of China, ib.-absurdity of the conjecture that the Chinese were a colony of Egypt, 493-Chinese smell- ing-bottles found in Egypt, ib.-go- vernment and legislation of China, 495 -parental authority the model of po- litical rule, ib.-occasional severity, cruelty, and inhumanity of the go- vernment, 496-its vigilance to pre- vent associations and combinations of the people, 497-spirit of clanship among the lower orders, 498-secret associations to effect the expulsion of the Tartar dynasty, ib.-veneration of the people for their emperor, ib.—the machinery of government well calcu- lated to preserve peace and durability, ib.-the great council of the state, ib. -the Six Boards, 500-office of Cen- sors, ib.-the penal code, 501-its cruelty in cases of treason, ib.-no aristocracy of birth or wealth in China, ib.-bulk of the Red Book, 502-ge- neral admission to office, ib.--educa- tion general and cheap, ib.-reading and writing universal, ib.-works of Confucius and Mencius, 503-no state religion in China, ib.-the Budhists, ib.-the Rationalists, 504-preventive justice, ib.-circulation of the penal code, ib.-nature and construction of the Chinese language, ib.-awkward and inconvenient manner of express ing numerals, 507-mechanical arts, 508-printing, ib.-invention of pa- per, ib.-gunpowder, ib.-power of the magnet, 509-proficiency in industri- ous and handicraft arts, ib.--general character of the people, 511-state of the belles-lettres, 512-the drama, ib. -poetry, 516-novels and romances, ib.-freedom of the press,517-state of our commercial concerns with China, 518-vast amount of opium sinuggled into China from India, 518-rooted aversion from intercourse with fo- reigners, 519-precarious state of our commerce with China, ib.-results of Lord Napier's mission, ib.--extrava- gant project of Mr. Hamilton Lindsay, 519-Sir George Staunton's reply thereto, 520-folly of maintaining an establishment at Macao, ib.-a sub- stitute recommended, ib.- elaborate compilation on the history and condi- tion of the Chinese empire, in 'The
Edinburgh Cabinet Library,' recom- mended, 521.
Chinese, The, a General Description of the Empire of China and its Inhabit- ants, by John Francis Davis, Esq., F.R.S., 489. See China. Cicero, public life of, 349. Coleridge, S. T., his character of Na- pier's History of the Peninsular War, 219.
Colquhoun, J. C., on the Policy of Re- ducing the Established Church, and paying the Roman Catholic Priests of Ireland, 367, 387, 392. See Ireland.
Damas, Alexandre, outline of his Souve- nirs d'Antony, 79. See French Novels. Davis, John Francis, Esq., F.R.S., his
'Chinese; a General Description of the Empire of China and its Inhabit- ants,' 489. See China. Drumann, W., his History of Rome during its transition from a Republi- can to a Monarchical Constitution; or Pompey, Cæsar, Cicero, and their Contemporaries, according to their races, 332-novel plan of the work, 333-its value as a genealogical bio- biography of the times, ib.-the Fatal- ist school of historians, 324-a mili- tary aristocracy the inevitable conse- quence of the conquests of Rome, 335
the later history of Rome one long revolution, 336-the city of Rome not the governing power during the more flourishing days of the republic, 337- the rural tribes the ruling and influen- tial body, ib.-causes which contri- buted to diminish the weight and numbers of the true plebeian order, 333 -degeneracy of the public assemblies for the election of magistrates, 339- shameless and unblushing bribery, ib. -imperial pauperism of the Roman populace, 310-the life of Sylla an il- lustration of this state of affairs, ib.- his ancestors, 341-his studies, ib.- obtains the questorship, ib.-is sent to the army employed against Jugurtha, 342-commands in Cisalpine Gaul, ib. -obtains through purchase the pre- torship, ib.-announces himself as the favoured child of fortune, 343-pro- claims himself the champion of liberty, 344-accuses Marius of tyranny, by which act the government of Rome was transferred to the army, ib.-his object the province of Asia and the Mithridatic war, 345-directs his at-
tention to the Italian allies, ib.-his victories, 346-renews the office of dictator, ib.-transforms the Roman constitution into the government of an aristocracy, ib.-his voluntary aban- donment of the supreme sway, ib.- public life of Cicero, 349-his conten- tion with Clodius, 351-death of Ca- sar, 358-Mark Antony, 361-Cas- sius, 364-Brutus, 365-the Trium- virs, 366.
'Edinburgh Cabinet Library,' careful and elaborate compilation on the history and condition of the Chinese empire, published in, 521-caution and saga- city of its conductors, ib. England in the Year 1835; being a Series of Letters written to Friends in Germany, during a Residence in Lon- don, and Excursions into the Pro- vinces, by Frederick von Raumer, 530. See Raumer.
Fermoy, Colonel Philip Roche, his Com- mentary on the Memoirs of Theobald Wolfe Tone, 367. See Tone. Freemasons, 304.
French Novels, 65-extravagancies, ab- surdity, and immorality of the modern school, of, ib.-reasons for bringing this mass of profligacy before the British public, ib.-their influence not only on private but public morals, 66-in- vention of novel writing, 67-Boccac- cio, ib.-Nouvelles de la Reine de Navarre, ib.-Madame de la Fayette, ib.-Lesage, ib.-Crébillou the young- er, ib.-Voltaire's Tales, 68-Rous- seau, ib.-estimate of his literary merit, ib.-infamy of his personal his- tory, 69-his Nouvelle Héloise, ib.- Contrat Social, ib., and Confessions, ib.-licentious novels of Diderot, La Clos, and Louvet, ib.-disappearance of novels in France during the Revo- lution, 73-their revival on the fall of Robespierre, ib.-Pigault le Brun, ib.-- profligacy of the romance literature of France, since the July revolution, ib. -scenes of French private life, 74- works of Paul de Kock, 75-story of his Nijamais ni toujours,' ib.-novels of Victor Hugo, 77 his Hans d'Islande, b.-Bug Jargal, ib.-Notre Dame de Paris, ib.-and Dernier Jour d'une Condamné, ib.-Alexandre Du- mas, 79-outline of his Souvenirs d'Antony, ib.-novels of M. de Balsac,
81-his Vicaire des Ardennes, 82- Annette et le Criminel, 83-La Peau de Chagrin, ib.-his Scenes of Private Life, 84-story of La Vendetta, ib.— Les Dangers de l'Inconduite, ib.-Le Bal de Sceaux, ib.-Gloire et Malheur, 85-La Femme Vertueuse, 86-Le Medecin de Campagne, 88-and La Paix du Ménage, ib.-Scenes of Pro- vincial Lite, 91-Les Célibataires, ib. -Eugénie Grandet, ib.-Scenes of Parisian Life, ib.-Story of Le Père Goriot, ib.-Le Treize, 93-his Etudes Philosophiques, 94-novels of Michel Raymond, b.-story of Les Intimes, ib.-Le Puritain de Seine et Marne, 97-Tales of Michel Masson, ib.- Contes de l'Attelier, ib.-La Femme du Réfractaire, ib.-La Mère, ib.-La Complainte, 98-and Le Cœur d'une Jeune Fille, ib.-nove's of George Sand, 99-story of Indiana, 101—Va- lentine, 102-Jacques, 104-André, ib. -Lelia, 105-intimate connexion of popular literature with popular cha- racter, 106-lapse of female chastity the main incident in modern French novels, ib.--modern notions on mar- riage, 107-tragedies in real life ex- ceeding the pictures of the novelists, 108-numerous cases of suicide in France, 109-and trials for flagitious offences, 113-Procès Pontalba, 116 -La Roncière, 118-Altaroche, 120 -Lacenaire, 121-Fièschi, 122-and Delacollonge, 127-outburst of profi- gacy in France since the July revolu- tion, 128-personal character of Louis Philippe, 130.
Frere, Right Hon. John Hookham, Epistle to, by William Stewart Rose, Esq., 400.
Geology considered with reference to Natural Theology, by the Rev. Wm. Buckland, D.D., 31-encouragement to the study of geology, ib.-its ten- dency to exalt our conviction of the power and wisdom and goodness of the Creator, ib.-its discoveries not at variance with the correct interpretation of the Mosaic narrative, ib.-danger and impolicy of connecting geological theories with Scripture, 34-proofs of creative design and contrivance, un- folded to us by geology, ib.-dynami cal changes wrought upon the crust of the earth, 37-theory of central heat, 38-adaptation of the globe to the use of man, 39-coal formation, ib.—
growth of vegetable productions, 40— fossil organic remains, 43-' the po- lice of ancient nature,' 45-organiza- tion of the ancient mammalians, 46- extinct animals referable to the order of Saurians, or lizards, 47-descrip- tion of the plesiosaurus, 49-and of the genus pteroductyle, 51-gigantic terrestrial lizards, 52-amphibious crocodileans of the old world, 52-for- toises, ib.-fossil footsteps, 53-fossil fishes, 54-fossil chambered shells, 56 -trilobites, 59-fossil insects, 61-fos- sil plants, 62. German blazonry, 7.
Godoy, Don Manuel, account of, 142. Gustavus IV., of Sweden, his visit to Hartwell, 303.
Hannibal and Napoleon, parallel be- tween, 139. Heraldry, 1-Controversy between Sir Richard Scrope and Sir Robert Gros- venor in the Court of Chivalry, ib.- armorial bearings, ib.-their first adop- tion, 4-origin of heraldic badges and devices, 6-origin of supporters, 10- habiliments of war displayed in tour- naments, 11-Badges of Cognizance, 12-architectural use of arms, ib.- arms on furniture and seals, &c., 13- on sepulchral monuments, ib.-su- preme jurisdiction in questions con- cerning ensigns armorial, ib.-Court of Chivalry of the High Coustable of England, 14-suit between Lord Scrope and Sir Robert Grosvenor fo the right to bear the shieldazure, a band or,' ib.-original roll of this fa- mous contest, ib.-genealogical labours of Sir Harris Nicolas, ib.-parties in the Scrope and Grosvenor cause, 15- deposition of John of Gaunt, 17-of Henry Plantagenet, 18-of Sir John Holland, 19-of Sir Thomas Morieux, 21 of Sir Walter Blunt, ib.—of Sir Thomas Erpingham, 22—of Sir John Sully, ib.-of Sir Guy Brian, 23-of the Earl of Northumberland, 27-of Sir Henry Percy, ib.-of Geoffrey Chaucer, 28-of Owen Glendower, ib. -the judgment in favour of Scrope, 29-extraordinary industry and ability which Sir H. Nicolas has brought to bear on the illustration of our national history and antiquities, 30. Horace, French translations of, 306. Holland, Sir John, tournament in Spain between Sir Reginald de Roye and, 20. Hugo, Victor, character of his Hans
d'Islande, 77-Bug Jargel, ib.-Notre Dame de Paris, ib.-and Dernier Jour d'un Condamné, ib. See French No- vels.
Ireland, on the Policy of reducing the Established Church of, and paying the Roman Catholic Priests of, by J. C. Colquhoun, Esq., 367, 387, 392. See Tone.
Ireland, State of, 219-Ireland an un- known country to most of the English people, ib.-extravagant encomiums passed by Irish demagogues on the soil and scenery of their native coun- try, 220-general description of the country, ib.-and people, 221-exces- sive poverty of the lower classes, 222 -strong contrast between the Irish and Scotch, ib.-summary of Irish history, ib.-the Brehon law, 223- arrival of the English in the reign of Henry II., ib.-grants made by Eng- lish princes to their favourites and partizans, 224-extension of English law to Ireland withheld, ib.-the Eng- lish pale, 225-Poyning's law, ib.- Ireland wholly unprepared for the benefits of the Reformation, ib.-re- bellions of O'Neil, the Fitzgeralds, and Tyrone, 226-the rebellion and massacre of 1641, 227-its object the re-establishment of the Catholic reli- gion, 328-doubtful policy of Charles I., ib.-effect of Cromwell's unrelent- ing energy, 229-extinction of the power of the feudal chiefs, ib.-pros- pects of the Catholics under Charles II. and James II., ib.-disabilities imposed on them by William and Anne, ib.—tranquillity in Ireland till the conclusion of the American War, 230-White Boys, Heart of Oak Boys, and Hearts of Steel, ib.-em- bodying of the Irish volunteers, ib.— repeal of Poyning's law, ib.-Peep of Day Boys, 231-the Defenders, ib.- Orangemen, ib.-Right Boys, ib.- Society of United Irishmen, ib.-Ca- tholic Convention, ib.-Act of 1793, ib-elective franchise restored to Ca- tholics, ib.-Maynooth Roman Catho- lic college, ib.-rebellion of 1798, ib. -Act of Union, 232-the Threshers, ib.-the Ribbonmen, ib.-the Carders, the Shanavats and Caravats, ib.-Act for Catholic Emancipation, 233-state of the owners and occupiers of land, 234-evils of Absenteeism, ib.-the Irish farmer in reality a cottager, ib.
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