In the spring of 1859 Seattle held road meetings, subscribed $1,050 and a little later sent T. D. Hinkley and a crew of workmen into Rangers Prairie, from which point the road was surveyed to and beyond the summit. Some grading was done in the early fall. Gold miners, bound for the Colville country, drove their pack trains over the route; Congress was asked to lend assistance and a bill appropriating $75,000 for the building of a military road from Walla Walla to Seattle was introduced in the House of Representatives. Seattle looked forward hopefully to early action when the Civil war gave the Government more serious problems.

From an Olympia printing plant James R. Watson on August 15, 1863, published the first edition of the Gazette, Seattle's first newspaper. With sample copies of the new sheet, Watson journeyed to Seattle, solicited subscriptions and advertising and was so successful that the Gazette again made its appearance December 10, this time from an office in the village it sought to serve.

Watson's press, an old Ramage, is preserved as a highly prized relic in the State University Museum. It had a long and interesting career when Watson brought it to Seattle. From New York it was sent to Mexico in 1834 and was later taken to Monterey, Cal., where for a number of years it was used by the Spanish governor for the printing of official proclamations. August 15, 1846, it printed the first issue of The Californian, California's first newspaper, and began a "first newspaper" record perhaps unequalled by any other press ever made.

The first issue of San Francisco's first newspaper-The Star-was printed on the old press and in the fall of 1848 it printed the first issue of the Alta California. A little later it printed the first issue of the Portland Oregonian, Oregon's first newspaper, and from Portland was brought around to Olympia on the schooner Mary Taylor and used by McElroy & Wiley in printing the first issue of The Columbian, Washington's first paper.

Watson bought it in 1863, brought it to Seattle and installed it in the Gazette office. Washington's first daily, the Puget Sound Dispatch, Seattle, was printed by it on April 23, 1866, and on August 5, 1876, it brought its long record for "firsts" to a close when it was used by Samuel L. Maxwell in printing the first issue of the Intelligencer, the forerunner of the Post-Intelligencer.

The Gazette had been in existence about one year when its editor discovered that because of Western Washington's lack of a trans-mountain road, Oregon was attracting nearly all the immigration. In a stirring editorial he appealed to his readers to renew their efforts in behalf of the Snoqualmie Road. Seattle set another campaign in motion, enlisted the co-operation of other towns, raised money, and in October, 1865, saw her efforts crowned by success-an immigrant train of six wagons ascended the Valley of the Yakima, crossed through the pass and arrived on the Sound.

* * *

Like nearly every other public improvement of the period, the road became a political issue. Levi Farnsworth, appointed commissioner by the Territorial Legislature to investigate both the Snoqualmie and Nachess passes, reported "that after an impartial examination I find the Nachess the most practical." Some weeks earlier the commission had written to John Denny suggesting that he proceed to raise funds, as his report to the Legislature would be favorable to the Snoqualmie Pass. At that time, however, Farnsworth had not

visited Nachess Pass-neither had he been entertained by the people of Steilacoom and Olympia.

Seattle people continued their efforts in behalf of the road. Money was raised in various ways and each spring the preceding winter's contribution of fallen timber was removed, and considerable work done; but the people began to realize the task of making a permanent highway was one requiring sums considerably larger than they could contribute. An attempt to finance a toll road failed; the Northern Pacific Railroad, after flirting with Seattle and the Snoqualmie Pass, jilted the former for Tacoma; Seattle's own railroad, after building to Newcastle was unable to reach the pass and the wagon road degenerated into a cattle trail used for but little except the driving of thousands of head of Yakima sheep and cattle to the Seattle market.

November 12, 1875, the Territorial Legislature passed a law, section I of which provided "That any person residing in this territory, who is desirous of aiding in the construction of a wagon road across the Cascade Mountains, shall have the right to dispose of any property, real and personal, situate in this territory, by lot or distribution, under such restrictions and conditions as are provided in this act." It was Washington's lottery law and the "restrictions and conditions" sought to guarantee ticket holders fair play.

In a short time territorial newspapers began running the largest advertisements they had ever carried in their columns. In large sized display type these advertisements announced:

"A GRAND DISTRIBUTION.

"A chance to win $100,000 for the small sum of $5.00."

"Washington Territorial Lottery, legalized by an act of the Legislature in aid of a great road from the City of Seattle, through the Cascade Mountains, via Snoqualmie Pass to Walla Walla; approved by his Excellency, Governor Ferry, November 12, 1875.

"Three hundred thousand dollars' worth of real estate in the City of Seattle, and in cash, to be distributed. Draws July 4, 1876. Sixty thousand tickets and 5,575 prizes. Tickets $5.00 coin each or eleven for $50.00. Grand prize, Yesler's steam saw mill and mill property in the City of Seattle, valued at $100,000. (The rents from the mill and mill property equal $700 per month.) Some of the most eligible and best business lots in the City of Seattle will be distributed, including Hovey & Barker's corner, on Mill and Commercial streets, and the Pacific Brewery property. The prizes to be drawn and distributed will be as follows:

"First Prize-the steam saw mill and mill property, valued at $100,000. "Second Prize-Hovey & Barker's corner, $14,000.

"Third Prize-Pacific Brewery property, $5,000.

"Together with 1,011 lots in various parts of the City of Seattle and additions thereto, valued from fifty dollars to fifteen hundred dollars each; also sixty-one prizes in farming lands in King County, and $25,000 in gold divided into 4,000 prizes of $5.00 each, and 500 prizes of $10.00 each. No scheme of this kind ever offered to the public presented such great inducements to try for a fortune. The general public can invest with the greatest confidence, the distribution being authorized by law and guarded in every particular. Nothing of the kind can be fairer for all concerned."

The Gold Coin Lottery, a $20,000 proposition managed by B. Conkelman, held a drawing April 3, and caused so much dissatisfaction that Yesler and his associates of the First Grand Lottery found the law under which they were operating, attacked in the courts. Judge J. R. Lewis declared the law unconstitutional. Some $30,000 said to have been collected from the sale of tickets was not accounted for and ticket holders, after charging their loss to experience, forgot the incident as quickly as possible—at least that is the conclusion drawn by present day investigators who try to obtain the unwritten part of the lottery history from ticket holders still living. One of C. B. Bagley's interesting historical documents is a letter from H. L. Yesler in which the writer says he is financially embarrassed as a result of the lottery deal and that as soon as he can raise the amount he will pay the Oylmpia Transcript's lottery printing bill of about $700.

During the next six years other efforts were made to build the road. The Northern Pacific, in 1883, completed its Cascade division, solved the problem of trans-mountain communication with Eastern Washington and Snoqualmie Pass.

While planning for the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, promoters of the fair decided to attempt a New York to Seattle automobile race. The Cascade Mountains presented the one unconquered obstacle. Commissioners of King and Kittitas counties joined hands, supplied funds and built a road through Snoqualmie Pass and thus initiated a latter day movement for overcoming the difficulties the pioneers had found insurmountable. The exposition's automobile race turned the attention of the state highway commission to the road; expert engineers laid out a plan; the engineering mistakes of the pioneers were corrected; the state supplied men and money and where the pioneers labored so long and so earnestly to build a wagon road, modern road builders constructed an automobile highway. With appropriate ceremonies Governor Lister, on July 1, 1915, formally dedicated the road which is now known as a part of the Sunset Highway, a connecting link in the automobile way stretching from Puget Sound to New York and annually traveled by thousands of pleasure seeking tourists.

REV. JOHN F. DEVORE'S COMING

THEN NOISY AND UNTAMED

CHAPTER XXI

THE FIRST PROTESTANT CHURCH-STEILACOOM HOW DEVORE GOT TIMBER FOR OLYMPIA CHURCHLEGISLATURE VOTES TO PLACE STATE UNIVERSITY IN LEWIS COUNTY, THEN AT COWLITZ FARMS, THEN IN SEATTLE-THE UNIVERSITY'S BEGINNINGS-REV. MR. WHITWORTH'S HARD WORK-PROF. MEANY'S WORTH TO THE UNIVERSITY AND THE STATE.

Fortunately for the pioneer settlements the Protestant churches in selecting ministers to send to Western Washington, chose men of broad vision, liberal opinion and a willingness to. work earnestly. They possessed great capacity for work they were men who prepared their sermons while earning a living by the labor of their hands. They delivered lectures before the agricultural and literary societies, Fourth of July celebrations and temperance organizations. They assisted in organizing the schools, the city and county and territorial governments and in playing their part in the conquering of the wilderness, performed a work the benefits of which will live forever.

Rev. John F. DeVore was born December 7, 1817, near Lexington, Ky., was admitted to the Rock River, Ill., Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1840 and in August, 1853, arrived at Steilacoom as a missionary circuit rider. On the twenty-eighth of the same month he preached the first of the many sermons he was to deliver before Washington congregations and within six months dedicated the first Protestant church erected north of the Columbia River.

Steilacoom, at that time, was wild and untamed. Sunday, if observed at all, was looked upon as a day for the ingathering of all the disreputable clans who spent their time in drinking bad liquor, gambling, fighting and in other ways giving free rein to degenerate impulses. Rev. Mr. DeVore once said he preached the first sermon in his new church with a revolver in one hand and a Bible in the other. His courageous, conscientious and self reliant spirit won him a place in the little town. The church edifice which he built decayed and was replaced with a massive monument of concrete and stone-a memorial to the beginning of liberal religious thought in Washington.

After getting the Steilacoom church established, Rev. Mr. DeVore began soliciting funds for a church for Olympia, and one day appealed to a Tumwater sawmill man for aid. Looking the preacher over the mill man noticed his near new suit of clothes and his kid gloves and in a sarcastic manner said:

"Yes. I will give you all the lumber you can carry from my mill down to the water between sun-up and sun-down."

"Thank you," replied the minister, "I will gladly avail myself of your kind offer."