ов, AN HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPAL ISLANDS IN THE SOUTH SEA, INCLUDING NEW ZEALAND; THE INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY; AND THE ACTUAL CON- ILIZATION, COMMERCE, AND THE ARTS OF SOCIAL LIFE. ichael BY THE RIGHT REV. M. RUSSELL, L.L.D. AND D.C.L. (OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD), Author of "View of Ancient and Modern Egypt," "Palestine, or the Holy WITH A MAP AND VIGNETTE. NEW-YORK: HARPER & BROTHERS, 82 CLIFF-ST. PREFACE. THE main object of this volume is to throw light on the introduction of Christianity and civilization into the islands of the South Sea. From the moment that Wallis discovered the beautiful group which bears the name of George the Third, many schemes were formed for bettering the condition of the natives, who, at their first interview with Britons, though they saw much to excite their wonder, could receive no favourable impression as to the obligations of morality on the cultivated mind. It was not, however, till a later period that any plan was matured for conveying thither the knowledge of true religion and the elements of social improvement. Mercantile specula tion had, indeed, been invited to the shores of Otaheite in quest of materials on which to found an intercourse beneficial to the inhabitants of both hemispheres; and Science had selected the spot as a theatre for her triumphs in the sublime department of astronomy. But the year 1796 had arrived before the benevolent spirit of the Gospel undertook a nobler mission, animated by the hope of establishing among the gentle savages of the Pacific the foundations of a pure faith and the motives to a holy life. A variety of opinion continues to prevail as to the effects produced by the labours of the missionary. Without presuming to determine the several points at issue on dogmatical grounds, the author has supplied 414232 ample materials for forming a clear judgment, both as to what has been already accomplished, and also in regard to the result which must necessarily follow. A change has commenced, the consequences of which, for good or for evil, will undoubtedly be permanent. In no case has the convert, on either side of the equator, relapsed into his former usages, nor revived the hereditary superstition. His new belief may not be fully comprehended, and its influence on his conduct may be at once imperfect and unsteady; but in all respects he holds it to be incomparably better than that which he has relinquished, more reasonable in itself, and infinitely more conducive to his happiness. It is accordingly admitted, by all who have visited those distant regions, that the cruel abominations of heathenism. have not been anywhere resumed. A principle has been put in operation which no human power can counteract, for it has already connected itself with new institutions affecting the very basis of society, and given birth to hopes that can never be extinguished in the human heart. Some pains have been taken to exhibit the actual condition of society in Polynesia: the manners which have been adopted by the natives from their European visiters; the improvement of taste and sentiment among the higher class; a desire for the conveniences and even the luxuries of civilized life; and, above all, the disappearance of those gross indulgences which so often called forth the reprobation of the religious teacher. A view is also given of the manufacturing industry and commercial relations which have been established in some of the islands, more especially in those of the Sandwich group, where consuls from |