Moral influence of the Bible seen in the type of men it produces, serious, orderly, equable. The nation becomes a church. Pp. 449, 450. c The Puritan loss: disappearance of the wide sympathies, the brightness and variety of life, the sense of humour and delight of the Elizabethan age. The Puritan gain: tenderness of home feelings, selfrespect and self-control, the conception of social equality. Puritanism the first system that recog nises the grandeur of the people as a whole. d Puritanism as seen in Milton, Cromwell, and Bunyan, Pp. 451-454; 582-586, and 613-615. John Milton. a His earlier verse (L'Allégro, Il Penseroso, Comus, Arcades), shows the gaiety, poetic ease, intellectual culture of early Puritanism. So his education by his father, in Latin, Hebrew, Greek, Italian, French, English. His pamphlets and prose works show the political and social side of Puritanism: a struggle for religious freedom, freedom of social life, freedom of the press. The Paradise Lost the epic of Puritanism. Pp. 584, 585. I Its main idea-the resistance to human evil, and the striving for the attainment of a great purpose. 2 Its absence of mystery, "God the Father turns a school divine." 3 Its self-control and self-repression, as in the expulsion of Adam from Eden. Cromwell. a Total separation between the godly and the world that lieth in wickedness; seen even in Milton's "reservedness of temper" and contempt for "the false estimates of the vulgar." This explains behaviour such as Cromwell's after signing the death-warrant of the King. 66 b A sense of Divine Purity which makes the life of ordinary men appear sin. Oh, I lived in and loved darkness, and hated light. I hated godliness" (Cromwell). This explains the shrinking of the Puritans from the amusements of other men. Bunyan. a Religious zeal heightened by an imaginative temper. Hence his despair owing to the pleasure he finds in hockey, dancing, and bell-ringing, until his conver sion, 1653, in spite of his services in Cromwell's godly army, and his marriage to a godly wife. b 1653-1660. A preacher in the Baptist Church at Bedford. 1660-1671. Imprisoned by Charles II. in Bedford Gaol. Writes the Pilgrim's Progress, one of the noblest English poems. 1 Its pictures of ordinary life transformed and ennobled by the study of the Bible. He lives in the Bible till its words become his own. 2 Its freedom from bitter words, even in dark and evil days. 3 Its revelation of the poetry inspired even into the meanest by contact with the spiritual world. II. The Presbyterians. Pp. 454–458. 1. Thomas Cartwright returns to England after the death of Mary with a fanatical enthusiasm for the Church of Geneva. "Heretics ought to be put to death now. If this be bloody and extreme, I am content to be so counted with the Holy Ghost." 2. Effect of the appearance of the Admonition to the Parlia1572. ment. a Persecution by the Archbishops according to their personal opinions. b Vigorous action of the Ecclesiastical Commission in taking cognizance of all offences against the Statutes of Supremacy and Uniformity. 1583. 3. Cartwright opposed more rationally by Hooker, who in his Ecclesiastical Polity sets up reason against dogmatism. 1594. III. The Separatists. Pp. 458-461. 1. Rapid growth of the belief that every established churchi.e. every church that has a Court like the Ecclesiastical Commission-is contrary to the Word of God. Rise of the Brownists. 66 66 2. Escape of “ a poor people" from Scrooby in Nottinghamshire, after much difficulty, to Holland, 1608; thence, being wearied with a foreign land, in two ships, the Speedwell' and the Mayflower," (of which only the "Mayflower" makes the voyage) to America, 1620. Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers" at New Plymouth, and foundation of New England. 66 3. Attack on the Bishops by "Martin Marprelate," in consequence of Whitgift's attempt to gag the press, 1588. General growth of discontent preparing the way for the great contest for liberty in the succeeding reigns. B The Catholic Reaction. Pp. 461–463. 1. Controversies and persecution among the Protestants. 2. Revival of religious zeal among the Roman Catholics. a Rise of the Capuchins-the great preachers. Rise of the Order of Jesus under Ignatius Loyolaorganizers, schoolmasters, missionaries, diploma tists. 3. Southern Germany re-Catholicized, owing partly to the reviving religious zeal of the house of Austria. Poland lapsing into Socinianism. In the Netherlands, the Walloon provinces, Brabant and Flanders, re-Catholicized. In France, accession of Henry IV. and his acceptance of the Catholic Faith in the interests of the majority of his people. 1598. C The Plots. Pp. 463, 464. I. The Plot to put Arabella Stuart on the throne by Raleigh, Lord Cobham, and others. 1603. a Punishment of the conspirators. I Raleigh imprisoned, 1603-1615; sent on an expedition to the Spanish Main, and on the failure of his expedition executed on his old sentence, 1618. 2 Arabella imprisoned 1611 for marrying Seymour. Dies insane, 1615. b Table showing the claim to the throne of Arabella and of her husband. HENRY VII. JAMES IV. (1)=Margaret = Earl of Angus (2) 1. A plot to blow up King and Parliament, formed by English Roman Catholics aggrieved by persecution and hopeless of aid from abroad. 2. The plot discovered mainly by the foolish preaching of the Jesuits in Paris. 3. General alarm and increased bitterness against the Roman Catholics: this alarm shown even before the plot is dis covered by the Millenary Petition for the suppression of Popish Usages in the Prayer-book. 1603. D The King's Political and Religious Views. Pp. 464—467. 1. The divine right of Kings. A King to be obeyed as the representative of God. "An absolute monarchy," one in which the monarch is free from the control of law; not as to the Tudor statesmen, a realm complete in itself. 2. The divine right of bishops. "No bishop, no King." Reaction in James from the insults of the Scotch Presbyterians, who, like Andrew Melville, call him "God's silly vassal." Hence the King's conduct to the Puritans at the Hampton Court Conference. 1604. "I will make them conform, or I will harry them out of the land." 3. A real desire to unite England and Scotland. In this beyond his age. E The King and his Parliament. Pp. 467-478. 1. Past relations of the Crown and the Parliament since the fall of Cromwell. Pp. 467-469. a The reviving power of the Houses shown by the efforts of the Crown to pack Parliament by the recommendation of members and the creation of new boroughs. Thirty-two created under Edward VI.; fourteen under Mary. b Attempts of Elizabeth to rule without Parliaments; a failure owing to the political necessities of her reign. c Elizabeth obliged to yield to the interference of Parliament in the matter of monopolies. 2. James and the Parliament. Pp. 469–472. a James concludes peace with Spain to free the Crown from its pecuniary dependence on Parliament; but is driven by his extravagance to ask Parliament for money immediately afterwards. 1604. b The Parliament of 1604. I Claim for redress of ecclesiastical grievances, and on refusal, solemn remonstrance with the King. "Let your Majesty be pleased to receive public information from your Commons in Parliament, as well as of the abuses in the Church as in the Civil State and Government." 2 The King imposes Custom duties on merchandise imported or exported. c The Parliament of 1610. I Parliament forbidden to enter on the subject of taxation, with regard to the Custom duties; the forbiddal disregarded. 2 Ecclesiastical matters claimed as within the cognizance of Parliament. Dissolution. d The Parliament of 1614. I Rejection of the Court candidates all through 2 First appearance of John Pym (member for Somer- 3 Dissolution of Parliament owing to a quarrel on a point of privilege between the Commons (many of whom are new members) and the Lords. 3. Growth of public resistance. 1614-1621. Pp. 472–476. Imprisonment of leading members of Commons. a Refusal to pay the benevolences demanded by the King, especially in Herefordshire and Staffordshire. Alienation of the gentry by the King's expedients for raising money. I The straining of the feudal privileges of the Crown, e.g. wardship of heirs and marriage of heiresses. 2 The sale of peerages, c Alienation of the people. I By the disgrace of Chief Justice Coke for resisting the King's claim to be consulted as to the decision of the Courts in cases of prerogative. November, 1616. 2 By the immorality of the Court. 3 By the unworthiness of the favourites who succeed Cecil. (a) Carr, Earl of Rochester, who marries the divorced Lady Essex, and with her poisons Sir Thomas Overbury. (6) George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, beautiful, selfish, and reckless. 4 By the King's foreign policy. (a) Maintenance of Elizabeth's foreign policy- (b) After the death of Cecil, pursuance of the (2) Attempt of the King's Protestant ministers |