An Elementary Course of Civil Engineering: For the Use of Cadets of the United States' Military AcademyWiley, 1871 - 447 páginas |
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
Términos y frases comunes
abutments arch arranged axis bars beton blocks bolts bottom brick bridge bridge-frame built beams cables caisson calcination canal carbonic acid cast iron centre clay connected consists construction counterforts courses cross section curved rib deflection depth diagonal braces diameter dimensions durability effect embankment engineer excavation experiments exterior feet flanch foundations frame give horizontal hot blast hydraulic cement hydraulic lime hydraulic mortar inclined joints kiln laid layer lime-stone masonry material metal mortar mortise and tenon notched ordinary parapet piers placed plates platform points of support portion present pressure purpose rail receive resistance rest road-covering roadway roadway-bearers sand secured segments sheeting piles side slopes slaked soffit soil solid span spandrels stone strain strength string pieces structure struts suitable surface suspended suspension bridges tensile strength termed thickness timber tion transverse truss uprights usually vertical voussoirs wall water-courses water-way weight width wire wooden wrought iron yield
Pasajes populares
Página 86 - ... or less, produced in some cases a considerable set or defect of elasticity ; and judging from its slow increase afterwards, I was persuaded that it had not come on by a sudden change, but had existed, though in a less degree, from a very early period.
Página 299 - The repairs should be daily made by adding fresh material upon all points where hollows or ruts commence to form. It is recommended by some that when fresh material is added, the surface on which it is spread should be broken with a pick to the depth of half an inch to an inch, and the fresh material be well settled by ramming, a small quantity of clean sand being added to make the stone pack better. When not daily repaired by persons whose sole business it is to keep the road in good order, general...
Página 108 - For the coping and top courses of a wall, the same objections do not apply to excess in length : but this excess may, on the contrary, prove favorable ; because the number of top joints being thus diminished, the mass beneath the coping will be better protected, being exposed only at the joints, which cannot be made water-tight, owing to the mortar being crushed by the expansion of the blocks in warm weather, and, when they contract, being •washed out by the rain.
Página 282 - In the calculations of solid contents required in balancing the excavations and embankments, the most accurate method consists in subdividing the different solids into others of the most simple geometrical forms, as prisms, prismoids, wedges, and pyramids, whose solidities are readily determined by the ordinary rules for the mensuration of solids.
Página 288 - When the axis of the roadway is laid out on the side slope of a hill, and the road-surface is formed partly by excavating and partly by embanking out, the usual and most simple method is to extend out the embankment gradually along the whole line of excavation. This method is insecure, and no pains therefore should be spared to give the embankment a good footing on the natural surface upon which it rests, particularly at the foot of the slope. For this purpose the natural surface...
Página 275 - The stability of this part of the structure is fully insured, as the resistance of the anchorage is twice as great as the greatest strain to which the chains can ever be subjected. The plan of anchorage adopted on the aqueduct varies materially from those methods usually applied to suspension bridges, where an open channel is formed under ground for the passage of the chains. On the aqueduct, the chains below ground are imbedded and completely surrounded by cement. In the construction of the masonry,...
Página 61 - ... the other slightly electro-positive, with respect to cast iron. These results will also enable some advances to be made towards the solution of the important problem proposed by the author in his former report, viz., " the obtaining a mode of electro-chemical protection, such that while the metal (iron) shall be preserved, the protector shall not be acted on, and the protection of which shall be invariable.
Página 283 - ... allowance must be made for the difference in bulk between the different kinds of earth when occupying their natural bed and when made into embankment. From some careful experiments on this point made by Mr. Elwood Morris...
Página 368 - ... has not yet been determined by experiment; "but as the wooden surface is covered with a layer of clean sand, fine gravel, or tan bark, before it is thrown open to vehicles, and as it in time becomes covered with a permanent stratum of dust...
Página 274 - The side-walk and tow-path being 7 feet wide, leave 3 feet space outside for the passage of the pyramids ; the ample width of the tow and footpath is therefore contracted on every pier ; but this arrangement proves no inconvenience, and was necessary for the suspension of the cables next to the trunk.