A New Ecology

adaptation analysis ascendency autocatalytic behavior biodiversity biological systems biomass boundary calculated cell Chapter chemical compartments complex components concept constraints cycle cypress direction directionality dissipation disturbance dynamics eco-exergy ecological succession ecologists ecosys ecosystem ecosystem development ecosystem theory Elsasser Elsasser’s embodied energy energy and matter energy flow entropy production environmental Equation eutrophication evolution evolutionary example exergy storage extensive variables Figure flow free energy function genes genetic gradients graminoids growth forms hierarchy higher holistic increase indicators influence input interactions irreversible Jorgensen K-strategists Lake Lake Trasimeno living systems maximum power principle measure molecules natural niche number of species nutrients observed Odum ontic openness organisms orientor parameters pathways Patten physical phytoplankton possible potential principle probability processes properties ratio reflect result scale solar energy solar radiation spatial structure systems ecology temperature thermodynamic equilibrium throughflow tion trophic trophic levels Ulanowicz uncertainty utilize variables zooplankton