as it were, upon that in all his transactions with them to shew, that mercy and goodness were his throne; the ground and basis of that intercourse which he held with the children of Israel; and that all their services and devotions were to have respect to that, or to God as seated upon a throne of mercy.

65. As it signifieth atonement, or hath relation to that sense, it is to be found only in the following places, and is thus variously rendered by our translators.

66. I. As a verb.

(1.) Make an atonement, atonement made. Exod. xxix. 33. [for the altar] 36, 37.-xxx. 10, 10,* 15, 16.—xxxii. * 30. Lev. i. 4.-iv. 20, 26, 31, 35.-v. 6, 10, 13, 16, 18.-vi. 7.—vii. 7.-viii. 34.ix. 7, 7.-x. 17.-xii. 7, 8.-xiv. 18, 19, 20, 21, 29, 31, 53. [for the house]-xv. 15, 30.—xvi. 6, 10, 11, 16, 17, 17, 18, 24, 27, 30, 32, 33, 33, 33, 34.-xvii. 11, 11. -xix. 22. Num. v. 8.-vi. 11.-viii. 12, 19, 21.-xv. 25, 28, 28.-xvi. 46, 47. -xxv. 13.-xxviii. 22, 30.-xxix. 5. -xxxi.

50. 2 Sam. xxi. * 3. 1 Chron. vi. 49. 2 Chron. xxix. 24. Neh. x. 33. (2.) Be merciful to, Deut. xxi.

* 8.-xxxii. * 43. (3.) Purge, purge away, purged, cleansed, Num. xxxv. * 33. 1 Sam. iii. 14. Psal. lxv. * 3.- lxxix. * 9. Prov. xvi. *6. Isa. vi. *7. -xxii. * 14.-xxvii. * 9. [the altar] Ezek. xliii. 20, 26. (4.) Reconcile, make reconciliation, reconciling, Lev. vi. 30.— viii. 15. [the holy place, tabernacle, altar] -xvi 20. Ezek. xlv. 15, 17, 20. Dan. ix. * 24. (5.) Pacify, appease, Gen. xxxii. * 20. Prov. xvi. * 14. Ezek. xvi. 63. (6.) To put off. 11. (7.) Forgive, pardon, 8. 2 Chron. xxx. * 18. *38. Jer. xviii. * 23. (8.) To disannul, Isa. xxviii. * 18.

Isa. xlvii. * Deut. xxi. *

Psal. lxxviii.

(3.)

67. II. As a noun. (1.) Sum of money, Exod. xxi.* 30. (2.) A ransom, Exod. xxx. * 12. Job xxxiii. * 24.-xxxvi. * 18. Prov. vi. * 35.-xiii. * 8.—xxi. * 18. Isa. xliii. * 3. Psal. xlix. * 7. Satisfaction, Num. xxxv. * 31, 32. Bribe. 1 Sam. xii. * 3. Amos v. (5.) Atonement, atonements, Exod. xxix. 36.-xxx. 10, 16. Lev. xxiii. 27, 28.xxv. 9. Num. v. 8.-xxix. 11.

(4.)

* 12.

68. These are all the places in the bible caphar, or its conju

where the word

gates, as they have relation to atonement, are to be found; in number 121.

69. In all places in the levitical law, where atonement is said to be made by sacrifice for persons,* the word, so far as I can perceive, is every where used in one uniform sense. And therefore, by comparing such passages we shall gain no advantage because they are not so many different instances of a known sense; but are to be considered only as one single instance of a doubtful sense, which we are now inquiring after.

CHAPTER V.

AN EXAMINATION OF THE TEXTS WHERE A. TONEMENT IS SPOKEN OF WITH NO RELATION TO LEVITICAL SACRIFICES.

70. THE texts then, which we are to examine, are those where the word is used extra-levitically, or with no relation to sa

* Atonement is said to be made for a house, the holy place, tabernacle, altar, Lev. xiv. 53.-xvi. 20. Ezek. xliii. 20, 26.-xlv. 20. This atonement Mr. Pierce thinks was on account of the uncleanness of the persons who belonged to them, or attended upon them. Lev. xvi. 19. See his note upon Heb. ix. 22.

crifices; that we may be able to judge what it imports, when applied to them. The places in the foregoing collection of texts, marked with an asterism (*) are all of this sort that I can find, in number 37. I shall take them just as they lie; and choose, in giving the sense of them, to point out the EFFECT, answering to the question, What is done? Answer; the resentment of a king is appeased. And then the MEANS, in answer to the question, By what, for what, upon what account, or in what way is the thing done? wise and prudent conduct. the effect and the means; and how it was done, I think, will take in the whole compass of the subject; and give us as distinct an idea, as we can have of atonement.

71. (1.) Exod. xxx. 15, 16, The rich shall not give more,and the poor shall not give less, than half a shekel, when they give an offering unto the Lord; to make

an

Answer, By And these two,

what was done,

EFFECT. Exemption from some deadly distemper. Ver. 12, That there be no plague amongst them, i.e. the people, when thou numberest them.

MEAN. Half a for shekel given by ev

atonement for

E