"We twenty-one republics can not afford to hav any two or any three of us quarrel. We must stop this, and Mr. Carnegie and I will not be satisfied until all nineteen of us can intervene by proper mesures to suppress a quarrel between any other two."

I hope the Trustees will begin by pressing forward upon this line, testing it thoroly and douting not.

The judge who presides over a cause in which he is interested dies in infamy if discovered. The citizen who constitutes himself a judge in his own cause as against his fellow-citizen, and presumes to attack him, is a law-breaker and as such disgraced. So should a nation be held as disgraced which insists upon sitting in judgment in its own cause in case of an international dispute.

I call your attention to the following resolution introduced by the Committee of Foreign Relations in the first Session, Fiftieth Congress, June 14, 1888:

Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), that the President be, and is hereby, requested to invite, from time to time, as fit occasions may arise, negotiations with any government with which the United States has or may have diplomatic relations, to the end that any differences or disputes arising between the two governments which can not be adjusted by diplomatic agency may be referred to arbitration and be peaceably adjusted by such means [resolution not reached on calendar during session, but reintroduced and passed: Senate, February 14, 1890; House, April 3, 1890].

This resolution was presented to the British Parliament, which adopted a resolution, approving the action of the Congress of the United States and expressing the hope that Her Majesty's Government would lend their ready cooperation to the Government of the United States for the accomplishment of the object in view [Resolution of the House of Commons, July 16, 1893, Foreign Relations, 1893, 346, 352].

Here we find an expression of the spirit which resulted in the first international Hague Conference of 1899; the second Hague Conference of 1907; and eighty treaties of obligatory arbitration between the great nations of the world, our own country being a party to twenty-three of them.

It was my privilege to introduce to President Cleveland in 1887 a Committee of Members of the Parliament of Britain, hedded by Sir William Randal Cremer, in response to the action of Congress, proposing a treaty agreeing to settle all disputes that mite arise between America and Great Britain by arbitration. Such a treaty was concluded between Lord Pauncefote and Secretary Olney in 1897. It faild of approval by the necessary two-thirds majority of the Senate by only three votes.

There is reason to believ that the British Government has been desirous of having that treaty ratified by our Government or redy to agree to another of similar character, so that President Taft's policy seems within easy reach of

success. If the English-speaking race adopts such a treaty we shall not hav to wait long for other nations to join, and it will be noticed that the resolution of Congress in 1890 embraces "any government with which the United States has or may hav diplomatic relations."

If the independence and rights of nations to their respectiv internal policies were first formally recognized in such treaties, no dispute concerning these elements of sovereignty could arise.

In order to giv effect to this gift, it will be suitable that the Trustees herein named shall form a corporation with lawful powers appropriate to the accomplishment of the purposes herein exprest and I authorize the conveyance of the fund to such a corporation.

The Trustees hav power to sell, invest, or re-invest all funds, either in the United States or in other countries, subject as respects investments in the United States to no more restriction than is imposed upon savings banks or insurance companies in the State of New York.

No personal liability will attach to Trustees for their action or nonaction as Trustees. They may act as a Board. They hav power to fill vacancies or to add to their number and to employ all officials and to fix their compensation whether members of the Board or not. Trustees shall be reimburst all expenses incurd in connection with their duties as Trustees, including traveling expenses attending meetings, including expenses of wife or dauter to each annual meeting. A majority of the Trustees may act for the whole. The President shall be granted such honoraria as the Trustees think proper and as he can be prevaild upon to accept.

Lines of future action can not be wisely laid down. Many may hav to be tried, and having full confidence in my Trustees I leav to them the widest discretion as to the mesures and policy they shall from time to time adopt, only premising that the one end they shall keep unceasingly in view until it is attaind, is the speedy abolition of international war between so-cald civilized nations.

When civilized nations enter into such treaties as named, and war is discarded as disgraceful to civilized men, as personal war (duelling) and man selling and buying (slavery) hav been discarded within the wide boundaries of our English-speaking race, the Trustees will pleas then consider what is the next most degrading remaining evil or evils whose banishment-or what new elevating element or elements if introduced or fosterd, or both combinedwould most advance the progress, elevation and happiness of man, and so on from century to century without end, my Trustees of each age shall determin how they can best aid man in his upward march to higher and higher stages of development unceasingly; for now we know that man was created, not with an instinct for his own degradation, but imbued with the desire and the power for improvement to which, perchance, there may be no limit short of perfection even here in this life upon erth.

Let my Trustees therefore ask themselvs from time to time, from age to age, how they can best help man in his glorious ascent onward and upward and to this end devote this fund.

Thanking you for your cordial acceptance of this trust and your harty approval of its object, I am

Very gratefully yours,

Witness:

LOUISE WHITFIELD CARNEGIE.

MARGARET Carnegie.

ANDREW CARNEGIE.

RESOLUTIONS OF ACCEPTANCE

Resolved, That the Trust Fund, for the promotion of peace, specified in the instrument subscribed to and delivered this day by Mr. Andrew Carnegie, be and it is hereby accepted for the purposes prescribed by the donor.

Resolved, That in undertaking to hold and use, in trust, this munificent gift for the benefit of mankind, the Trustees are moved by a deep sense of the sincere and noble spirit of humanity which inspires the donor of the Fund. They feel that all thoughtful men and women should be grateful to him, and should be glad to aid, so far as lies within their power, towards the accomplishment of the much-to-be-desired end upon which he has fixed his hopes, and to which he desires to contribute. They are not unmindful of the delicacy and difficulty involved in dealing with so great a sum, for such a purpose, wisely and not mischievously, and in ways which shall be practical and effective. They accept the Trust in the belief that, although, doubtless, many mistakes may be made, great and permanent good can be accomplished.

PROPOSED CHARTER APPROVED IN THE BY-LAWS OF THE ASSOCIATION1

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following persons, namely, Robert S. Brookings, Thomas Burke, Nicholas Murray Butler, John L. Cadwalader, Joseph H. Choate, Cleveland H. Dodge, Charles W. Eliot, Robert A. Franks, Arthur William Foster, John W. Foster, Austen G. Fox, William M. Howard, Samuel Mather, Andrew J. Montague, George W. Perkins, Henry S. Pritchett, Elihu Root, Jacob G. Schmidlapp, James Brown Scott, James L. Slayden, Albert K. Smiley, Oscar S. Straus, Charles L. Taylor, Charlemagne Tower, Andrew D. White, John Sharp Williams, Robert S. Woodward, Luke E. Wright, their associates and successors, duly chosen, are hereby incorporated and declared to be a body corporate of the District of Columbia by the name of the "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace," and by such name shall be known and have perpetual succession, with the powers, limitations, and restrictions herein contained.

SECTION 2. That the objects of the corporation shall be to advance the cause of peace among nations, to hasten the abolition of international war, and to encourage and promote a peaceful settlement of international differences, and, in particular

(a) To promote a thorough and scientific investigation and study of the causes of war and of the practical methods to prevent and avoid it.

(b) To aid in the development of international law, and a general agreement on the rules thereof, and the acceptance of the same among nations.

(c) To diffuse information, and to educate public opinion regarding the causes, nature, and effects of war, and means for its prevention and avoidance. (d) To establish a better understanding of international rights and duties and a more perfect sense of international justice among the inhabitants of civilized countries.

(e) To cultivate friendly feelings between the inhabitants of different countries, and to increase the knowledge and understanding of each other by the several nations.

(f) To promote a general acceptance of peacable methods in the settlement of international disputes.

(g) To maintain, promote, and assist such establishments, organizations, associations, and agencies as shall be deemed necessary or useful in the accomplishment of the purposes of the corporation, or any of them.

1H. R. 32084, Sixty-First Congress. This bill has not been reintroduced in subsequent Congresses.

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