Florentine Academicians erroneously
suppose water to be incompres-
sible, ii. 372.

Originate correct notions of the
radiation of heat, ii. 383.
Show that dark heat may be re-
flected by mirrors, ii. 390.
Florentius, a priest, attempts to poison
St. Benedict, i. 435.

Food, location of animals controlled
by, ii. 310.

Its nature, ii. 341.

Force, animal, its source, ii. 339.
Formosus, Pope, converted the Bul-
garians, i. 367.

Forms contrasted with law, i. 22.
Introduction of, personified, i. 37.
Fictitious permanence of, succes-
sive, i. 104.

Fracasta, an early cultivator of fossil
remains, ii. 391.

Francis, St., his early life, ii. 64.
Placed by the lowest of his order

in the stead of our Saviour, ii. 83.
Franciscans, higher English, their op-
position to Pope Boniface, ii. 83.
Franks Christianized at the end of

the fifth century, i. 365.
Fratricelli, their affirmation, i. 283.
Burned by the inquisition for he-
resy, ii. 79.

Frederick II., Emperor of Germany,
birth of ii. 25.

His Mohammedan tendencies, ii. 66.
Free trade, its effects, i. 254.
Freewill not inconsistent with the
doctrine of law, i. 21.

Galen, his opinions, i. 259.

His division of physicians into two
classes, i. 399.

Galileo, the historical representative
of the intellectual impulse, ii,

134.

Invents the telescope, ii. 261.
Astronomical discoveries of, ii. 261.
Is condemned by the Inquisition,
ii. 263.

Publishes "The System of the
World," ii. 263.

Galileo, his degradation and punish-

ment, ii. 264.
His death, ii. 265.

His three laws of motion, ii. 269.
Re-discovers the mechanical proper-
ties of fluids, ii, 372, 390.
Geber, or Djafar, the alchemist, dis-
covers nitric acid and aqua regia,
i. 409.

Gelasius, his fearless address to the
Emperor, i. 353.

Geminus, an Alexandrian astronomer,
i. 202.

Genoa, her commerce, ii, 158.
Genseric, King of the Vandals, invited
by Count Boniface into Africa,
i. 327.

Invited to Rome, i. 350.
Geocentric theory, its adoption by
the Church, ii. 254.

Important result of its abandon
ment, ii. 335.

Geographical discovery, effects of, i.

44.

Geography, primitive, i. 39.

Its union with the marvellous, i. 42.
Of Ptolemy, i. 204.

End of Patristic, ii. 164.
Geological movements of Asia, i. 29.
Geology, ii. 294.

Evidence furnished by, as to the
position of man, ii. 338.
Gepidæ, converted in the fourth cen-
tury, i. 365.

Gerbert, life of, ii. 4.

His Saracen education, ii. 4.

His ecclesiastical advancement, ii.
5.

Becomes Pope Sylvester II., ii. 6.
Is the first to conceive of a European
crusade, ii. 21.

Said to have introduced a know-
ledge of the Arabic numerals
into Europe, ii. 49.

Germans not prone to idolatry, i. 415.
Insist on a reform in the Papacy,
ii. 2.

Gesner, Luther's opinion of the
manner of his death, ii. 117.
Leads the way to zoology, ii. 284.

Gilbert proposed to determine the
longitude by magnetic observa-
tions, ii. 167.

Adopts the views of Copernicus, ii.
260.

Publishes his book on the magnet,

ii. 284.

Gilbert of Ravenna elected antipope,
ii. 20.
Gisella, Queen of Hungary, assists in
the conversion of her subjects
to Christianity, i. 365.

Glass, its rate of dilatation by heat,

ii. 300.

Globes, used by the Saracens, ii. 41.
Gobi, dry climate of, i. 25.

Character of its botany, i. 25.
Was once the bed of a sea, i. 29.
Gold, Ancient value of, i, 251.

Potable, attempts to make, i. 407.
Problem of, solved by Djafar, i. 409.
Gotama, the founder of Buddhism,
life of, i. 67.
Goths become permanently settled in

the Eastern empire, i. 300.
Adopt the Byzantine system, i. 349.
Have possession of Italy, i. 350.
Date of their conversion, i. 365.
Gotschalk, his persecution, ii. 8.
Graaf, a physiologist, ii. 286.
Greece, Roman invasion of, i. 247.
Greek mythology, i. 38.

Transformations of, i. 43.
Cause of its destruction, i. 44.
Secession of literary men and
philosophers, i. 47.

Movements repeated in Europe, i.

Gregory VII., his policy, ii. 15.
Gregory IX., Pope, excommunicates
Frederick II., ii. 67.

Gregory XI., Pope, restores the
Papacy to Rome, ii. 96.
Gregory XII., Pope, deposed by the
Council of Pisa, ii. 97.

Gregory the Great, his history, i. 355.
Burns the Palatine Library, i. 357.
Attempts to reconvert England, i.
366.

Gregory of Nazianzum, his opinion of
Councils, i. 299.

Grew discovers the sexes of plants,
ii. 286.

Grimaldi discovers the diffraction of

his

Haroun-al-Raschid places all his
public schools under John Masué,!
i. 392.
Patronizes a medical college and
founds a university, i. 402.
Causes Homer to be translated into
Syriac, ii. 34.
Harpalus, employed by Alexander in

his scientific undertakings, i. 173.
Harvey discovers the circulation of
the blood, ii. 285.

Hassan takes Carthage by storm, i. 334.
Heart constructed upon the principles
of hydraulics, i. 5.

Heat, control of, over life, i. 8.
Distribution of, in Europe, i. 26.
Sources of, i. 103.

Boundary of organisms by, ii. 309.
Decline of, in the earth, ii. 318.
Properties of, ii. 383.
Helena, the mother of Constantine the
Great, superintends the building
of monumental churches, i. 309.
The influence she exercised in the
religion of the world, i. 366.
Her benevolence in founding hospi-
tals, i. 386.

Adopts image-worship, i. 414.
Heliocentric theory, its meaning, ii.

254.

Resistless spread of, ii. 274.
Heming introduced street-lamps in
England, ii. 241.

Henry V., Emperor of Germany, his

resistance to the Popes, ii. 24.
Henry VIII., King of England, had
personal reasons for discontent,
ii. 216.

The instrument, not the author, of
the revolution, ii. 238.
Henry the Fowler asserts the power of
the monarchical principle, i. 376.
Heraclitus, his philosophical system,
i. 104.
Heraclius, Emperor, resists the second
Persian attack, i. 326.

His contemplated abandonment of
Constantinople, i. 329.

Defeated at the battle of Aiznadin,
i. 335.

Heraclius, the effect on commerce of
his long wars, i. 337.
Hercules, legend of, i. 37.
Heresy, Pelagian, i. 293.
Nestorian, i. 295.
Eutychian, i. 296.

Followed the spread of literature,
ii. 60.

Heretics, burning of, by the Inquisi-
tion, ii. 75.

Hermits, their origin, i. 424.
Aerial, i. 426.
Grazing, i. 427.

Their numbers, i. 432.

Hero, the inventor of the first steam-
engine, i. 205, 387.

Herodotus, i. 49.

Herschels, their discoveries, ii. 276.
Hesiod extends the theogony of
Homer, i. 43.

Hessians, period of their conversion,
i. 365.

Hiero's crown gives origin to hydro-
statics, i. 195.

Hieroglyphics, their origin and value,
i. 83.

Hilarion, a hermit of the fourth
century, i. 425.

Said to be the first to establish a
monastery, i. 432.

Hilary, Bishop of Arles, his contumacy
denounced, i. 300.

Hildebrand brought on an ecclesias-
tical reform, ii. 3.

His difficulty in reconciling the
dogmas of the Church with the
suggestions of reason, ii. 12.
Becomes Pope Gregory VII., ii.
15.

Hindu polytheism, i. 34.
Philosophy, i. 56.

Hipparchus, the writings of, i. 202.
Hippocrates, his opinion of Democritus,
i. 126.

Review of, i. 393.

Historians, secession of, from the
public faith, i. 49.

Hobbes, his philosophical opinions, i.

231.

Holy places, loss of, ii. 134.

Intellectual impulse makes its attack

through astronomy, ii. 133.
Development the aim of nature, ii.
359.

Interstitial death, i. 14.
Creations, ii. 312.
Investitures, the conflict on, ii. 17.
Invisible, localization of the, i. 36.
Ionian philosophy, puerilities of, i.
106.

Irene, the Empress, puts out her son's
eyes, i. 374.

Her superstitious cruelty, i. 420.
Iris, its function, i. 5.

Isis, her worship, i. 187.
Isothermal lines, i. 24, 26.
Israfil, the angel, i. 345.

Italian Christianity, boundaries of, ii.
1.

System, its movements, ii. 150.
Italy, relations of, ii. 127.
Degraded state of, ii. 127.
Immorality of, ii. 136.
Cause of her degradation, ii. 143.
Scientific contributions of, ii. 390.
Causes of her depression, ii. 391.

James I., his proceedings against
witchcraft, ii. 117.

Jason, the voyage of, i. 41.
Jaxartes, its drying up, i. 29.
Jerome of Prague, his martyrdom, ii.
101.

Jerome, St., denounces Pelagius, i.
294.

Translates the Bible into Latin, i.
306.

His equivocal encomiums on mar-
riage, i. 359, 427.
Jerusalem, position of, i. 77.
Bishops of, i. 272.
Church of, i. 291.

Fall and pillage of, i. 328, 335.
Capture of, ii. 22.

Surrender of, to Frederick II., ii. 68.
Jesuits, the Order of, instituted, ii.
220.

The extent of their influence, ii.
221.

Causes of their suppression, ii. 222.

Jewish physicians, their writings, ii.

120.

Jewish-Spanish physicians, writings
of, ii. 123.

Jews, conversion of, i. 270.

Are the teachers of the Saracens, i.
384.

Their influence on supernaturalism,
ii. 119.

Medical studies among, ii. 121.
Expulsion of, from France, ii. 126.
Their geographical knowledge and
its results, ii. 175.

John, King of England, is excommuni-
cated by Pope Innocent III., ii.
54.

John, Pope, died in prison, i. 353.
John VIII., Pope, pays tribute to the
Mohammedans, i. 379.

John XVI., Antipope, cruel and igno-
minious treatment of, i. 381.
John XXII., Pope, the practical cha-
racter of his policy, ii. 93.
John of Damascus takes part in the
Iconoclastic dispute, ii. 59.
Joshua ben Nun, a professor at Bag-
dad, i. 402.

Journalism is gradually supplanting
oratory, ii. 204.

Judgment, future, according to the
Egyptian theology, i. 92.
According to the Koran, i. 345.
Right of individual, asserted by
Luther, ii. 209.

Jugurthine War, i. 247.

Julian, Emperor, attempts the restor-
ation of paganism, i. 311.
Justinian closes the philosophical
schools in Athens, i. 216.

His re-conquest of Africa, i. 327.
Effect of his wars, i. 351.
Conquers Italy, i. 354.

Justin Martyr, his illustrations of his
idea of the divine ray, i. 274.

Kaleidoscope, an optical instrument,
ii. 380.

Kalid, the "Sword of God," defeats
Heraclius at the battle of Aizna-
din, i. 335.