Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, takes part in the dispute between the realists and nominalists, ii. 12. Anthony, St., a grazing hermit, i. 427.
Delusions of, i. 429. Anthropocentric stage of thought, i. 36.
Ideas, prominence of, i. 64. Ruin of, ii. 279.
Philosophy, review of, ii. 287. Antimony, its uses, and origin of its name, ii. 156.
Antiochus of Ascalon, founder of the fourth Academy, i. 170. Antiochus, King of Syria, cedes his European possessions to Rome, i. 246.
Antisthenes, founder of the Cynical School, i. 149.
Antonina, wife of Belisarius, her cruel treatment of Sylverius, i. 354. Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, Emperor, his acknowledgments to Epic- tetus, i. 259.
Antonio de Dominis, outrage on the body of, ii. 225. Apennines, upheaval of, i. 31. Apocalypse, comments on, ii. 78. Apollonius Pergæus, the writings of,
Arabs cultivate learning, i. 335. Rapidity of their intellectual de- velopment, i. 336.
Invade Spain, ii. 28.
Arabs, civilization and refinement of Spanish, ii. 30.
Introduce the manufacture of cot- ton into Europe, ii. 386.
Invent cotton paper, and the print- ing of calico by wooden blocks, ii. 386. Arantius, a distinguished anatomist, ii. 284.
Arcesilaus, founder of the Middle Academy, i. 169.
Archimedes, the writings of, i. 194. His mechanical inventions held in contempt by Patristicism, i. 316. Arctinus, his poems held in venera- tion, i. 51.
Arddha Chiddi, the founder of Buddh- ism, life of, i. 66.
Argonautic voyage, object of, i. 41. Its real nature, i. 45. Ariminium, Council of, i. 289. Aristarchus attempts to ascertain the sun's distance, i. 199.
Aristippus, the founder the founder Cyrenaic School, i. 149.
Aristotle keeps a druggist's shop in Athens, i. 129, 397. Biography of, i. 176.
His works translated into Arabic, i. 402.
Aristotelism compared with Platonism i. 177.
Arithmetic, Indian, ii. 40. Arius, his heresy, i. 285.
His death, i. 288.
Political results of his heresy, i.
Arnold of Brescia, murder of, ii. 25. Arnold de Villa Nova, biographical sketch of, ii. 130.
Art, Black, i. 404. Artesian Wells, ii. 301.
Articulata, anatomy of, ii. 350. Asclepions, effect of the destruction
Nature and organization of, i. 395.
Asellius discovers the lacteals, ii. 285.
Asoka, King, patronizes Buddhism, i. 67.
Aspasia, history of, significant, i. 132. Astrolabe, known to the Saracens, ii. 42.
Astronomical refraction, understood by Alhazen, ii. 46. Astronomy, primitive, i. 39.
Passes beyond the fetich stage, i. 100.
Of Eratosthenes, i. 199.
How she takes her revenge on the Church, i. 360.
The intellectual impulse makes its attack through, ii. 133. Astronomy affords illustration of the magnitude and age of the world, ii. 278. Athanasius rebels against the Emperor Constantine, i. 289.
First introduces monasticism into Italy, i. 433.
Athene, statues of, i. 51. Athens, her progress in art, i. 132. Athens, her philosophy, i. 133.
Atlantic, first voyage across, ii. 162. Atmosphere, height of, determined by Alhazen, ii. 47. Effects of light on, ii. 320.
The phenomena and properties of, ii. 367.
Atomic theory, suggested by Demo- critus, i. 125.
Attalus, King of Pergamus, effect of his bequests to Rome, i. 247. Attila, King of the Huns, "the scourge of God," invades Africa, i. 350.
Augsburg, Diet of, ii. 211. Augustine, St., causes Pelagius to be
expelled from Africa, i. 294. Writes the "City of God," i. 301. Character of that work, i. 304. Denies the possibility of the Anti- podes, i. 315.
His notion of the Virgin, i. 361. On spontaneous generation, ii. 329.
Auricular confession, introduction of, ii. 65.
"Ausculta Fili," Papal bull of, ii. 83. Australian, how affected by physical circumstances, i. 26.
Avenzoar, a Moorish writer on phar-
macy, ii, 39. Averrhoes, of Cordova, the chief com. mentator on Aristotle, ii. 39. His theory of the soul, ii. 193. Confounded force with the psychical principle, ii. 343.
His erroneous view of man, ii. 357. Avicenna, the geological views of, i.
A physician and philosopher, ii. 39. Avignon, Papacy removed to, ii. 86. Voluptuousness of, ii. 95. Papacy leaves, ii. 96.
Azof, Sea of, dependency of the Medi- terranean, i. 28.
Babylonian, extent of astronomical observations, i. 192.
Bacon, Lord, nature of his philosophy, ii. 258.
Bacon, Roger, titles of his works, ii. 120.
Is the friend of the Pope, ii. 132. His history and his discoveries, ii. 153.
Baconian philosophy, its principles un- derstood and carried into practice eighteen hundred years before Bacon was born, ii. 175. Bactrian empire, European ideas trans- mitted through, i. 45.
Badbee, John, the second English mar- tyr, denies transubstantiation, ii. 99.
Bagdad, Khalifs of, patronize learning, i. 335.
Its university founded by the Khalif Al Raschid, i. 402. Baghavat Gita, i. 65.
Baines on the extent of the cotton manufacture, ii. 386.
Bajazet, defeats Sigismund, King of Hungary, at the battle of Nico- polis, ii. 106.
"Balance of Wisdom," probably writ-
ten by Alhazen, ii. 47. Balboa discovers the Great South Sea, ii. 174.
Ball, John, his preaching an index of the state of the times, ii. 148. Balthazar Cossa, Pope John XXIII.,
Barbarians, Northern, their influence
on civilization in Italy, i. 416. Barbarossa, Frederick, surrenders Ar- nold of Brescia to the Church, ii. 25.
Barsumas assists in the murder of the Bishop of Constantinople, i. 297. Basil Valentine introduces antimony, ii. 156.
Basil, St., Bishop of Cæsarea, founder of the Basilean order of monks, i. 436.
Basle, Council of, ii. 102. Bavarians, Christianized, i. 365. "Beatific Vision," questioned by John XXII., ii. 94.
Beccher introduced the phlogistic the- ory, ii. 286.
Bechil, the discoverer of phosphorus, i. 410.
Belgrade, taken by Soliman the Mag- nificent, ii. 109.
Belisarius reconquers Africa, i. 327. Captures Rome, i. 350. Benedetto Gaetani, Cardinal, his parti-
cipation in causing the abdication of Peter Morrone, Celestine V., ii. 80.
Benedict, St., miracles related of, i. 435.
Benedictines, their numbers, i. 436. Ben Ezra, his numerous acquirements, ii, 123.
Berengar of Tours, opinions of, ii. 10.
Many of his doctrines embraced by Wickliffe, ii. 98.
Berkeley, his doctrine on the exist- ence of matter, i. 231.
Bernard of Clairvaux stimulates the second Crusade, ii. 24. Bernard, St., attacks Abelard, ii. 11.
Bernardini, Peter, the father of St. Francis, ii. 64.
Bertha, Queen of Kent, assists in the conversion of England to Christi- anity, i. 366.
Beziers, the capture of, by Abbot Ar- nold, ii. 62.
Council of, opposes the Jewish phy- sicians, ii. 125.
Bible, translated into Latin by Je- rome, i. 306.
Its superiority to the Koran, i. 343. Translated into English by Wick- liffe, ii. 99.
Its character and general circula- tion, ii. 224.
Biology originates with Anaximander, i. 107.
Birds, migration of, i. 6.
Bishops, rivalries of the three, i. 298. Their fate, i. 306.
Accusation of House of Commons against the English, ii. 235. Their reply, ii. 236.
Black Art sprang from Chaldee no- tions, i. 404.
Black Sea, a dependency of the Medi- terranean, i. 28.
Bleaching by chlorine, ii. 386. Blood admixture, effect of, i. 15.
Degeneration, its effect, ii. 144. Boccaccio obtains a professorship for Leontius Pilatus, ii. 194. Bodin's, "De Republica," i. 6. Boethius falls a victim to the wrath of Theodoric, i. 353.
His character, i. 358. Boilman, Tom, origin of the nickname, ii. 244.
Boniface VIII., Pope, "Benedetto Gaetani," his quarrel with the Colonnas, ii. 80.
Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury, his rapacity, ii. 75. Boniface, an English missionary of the seventh century, i. 366. Books, longevity of, ii. 201. Borelli on circular motion, ii. 272. Applies mathematics to muscular movement, ii. 286.
Boyle improves the air-pump, ii. 286. Bradley determines the velocity of
direct stellar light, ii. 299. Brahman, how regarded according to
the Institutes of Menu, i. 63. Attempted to reconcile ancient tra- ditions with modern philosophical discoveries, ii. 335.
Brain, functions, ii. 351. Breakspear, Nicholas, afterwards Pope Adrian IV., ii. 25.
Brown, discoverer of the quinary
arrangement of flowers, ii. 286. Brindley, a millwright's apprentice, ii. 385.
His engineering triumph in the construction of canals, ii. 387. Bruchion, the library in, i. 318. Bruno, Giordano, teaches the helio- centric theory, ii. 257.
Is burnt as a heretic, ii. 258. Brutes, why supposed by Diogenes to be incapable of thought, i. 102. Buddhism, its rise, i. 65. The organisation of, i. 67. Its fundamental principle, i. 68. Its views of the nature of man, i. 70.
Philosophical estimate of, i. 72. Bulgarians converted by a picture, i. 367.
Bunsen, his estimate of Eusebius's chronology, i. 198. Bunyan, John, his writings surpass those of St. Augustine, i. 305. His twelve years' imprisonment for preaching, ii. 242.
Probable source of much of the ma- chinery of the Pilgrim's Progress, ii. 248.
Burnet's "Sacred Theory of the Earth," ii. 286.
Byzantine system adopted in Italy, i. 349.
Government persecutes the Nesto- rians and Jews, i. 385. Suppression of medicine, i. 386.
Cabanis, quoted on the influence of the Jews, ii. 120.
Cabot, Sebastian, rediscovers New- foundland, and attempts to find a north-west passage to China, ii. 174.
Cabral discovers Brazil, ii. 174. Cadesia, effect of the battle of, i. 335.
Cæsalpinus first gives a classification of plants, ii. 390.
Cæsar becomes master of the world, i. 248.
Calico printing, antiquity of the art, and how improved, ii. 386. Caligula, Emperor, an adept in al- chemy, i. 407.
Calixtus III., Pope, issues his fulmi- nations against Halley's comet, ii. 253.
Callimachus, author of a treatise on birds, and a poet, i. 201. Callisthenes accompanies Alexander the Great in his campaigns, i.
Is hanged by his orders, i. 174. Transmits to Aristotle records of astronomical observations, i. 192.
Calvin establishes a new religious sect, ii. 211.
Causes Servetus to be burnt as a heretic, ii. 225.
Calydonian boar, hide of, preserved as a relic, i. 51.
Cambyses conquers Egypt, i. 79, 186.
Canal of Egypt, reopened by Necho, i.
A warning from the oracle of Amun causes Necho to stop the construction of, i. 93.
Cleared again from sand, i. 325. Canals the precursors of railways, ii. 387.
Of China, their influence, ii, 400. Cannibalism of Europe, i. 32. Canonic of Epicurus, imperfection of, i. 167.
Canosa, scene at, the King of Ger- many seeking pardon of the Pope, ii. 19.
Cape of Good Hope, doubled by Vasco
First made known in Europe by the Jews, ii. 175.
Caracalla, alluded to in the reply of the Christians to the Pagans, i.
302. Carat, its derivation and signification, ii. 44. Carneades, the founder of the New
Academy, his doctrines, i. 169. Carthage, description of, i. 129. Its conquest contemplated by Alex- ander the Great, i. 174. Most effectually controlled by inva- ding Africa, i. 245. Heraclius contemplates making it
the metropolis of the Eastern em- pire, i. 329.
Carthage stormed and destroyed by Hassan, i. 334. Carthaginian commerce, nature, and extent of, i. 130. "Carolinian Books" published by Charlemagne, against image wor- ship, i. 372.
Caspian and Dead Seas, level of, ii. 305.
Castelli assists in the verification of the laws of motion, ii. 271. Creates hydraulics, ii. 285. Lays the foundation of hydraulics, ii. 390.
Casuistry, development of, ii. 66. Catalogue of stars contained in the Al- magest of Ptolemy, i. 203. Catasterisims of Eratosthenes, i. 196. Catastrophe, insufficiency of a single, ii. 316.
Doctrine of, ii. 323.
Cato causes Carneades to be expelled from Rome, i. 164. Celibacy of clergy insisted on by the monks, i. 426. Necessity of, ii. 16. Celt, sorcery of the, i. 34.
Cerebral sight, important religious result of, i. 430.
Cerinthus, his opinion of the nature of Christ. i. 270.
Chadizah, the wife of Mohammed, i. 330, 337.
Chakia Mouni, meaning of the name,
The founder of Buddhism, i. 342. Chalcedon, Council of, i. 297.
It determines the relation of the two natures of Christ, i. 299. Chaldee notions give rise to the black art, i. 404.
Châlons, battle of, i. 350. Charlemagne, his influence in the con- version of Europe, i. 364. Disapproves of idolatry, i. 368. Developes the policy of his father Pepin, i. 371.
Is crowned Emperor of the West, i. 371.
The immorality of his private life, i. 374.
Charles Martel gains the battle of Tours, i. 368.
His relations to the Church, i. 369. Pope Gregory III. seeks his aid, i. 423.
Charms, the source of their supposed power, i. 403.
Chemistry, fetichism of, i. 101. Pythagorean, i. 116.
Scientific, cultivated by the Arabs, i. 408.
Chemistry, progress of, ii. 374. Chilperic II. permitted to retain his title, i. 369.
Chilperic III. deposed and shut up in the convent of St. Omer, i. 370.
China, her policy, ii. 395. Chinese Buddhism, i. 72, 74. Chosroes II., his successes, i. 328.
The effect of his wars on commerce, i. 337.
Christian reply to the accusation of the Pagans, i. 301. Christianity, influence of Roman, i. 241.
Debased in Rome, i. 264.
Distinction between, and ecclesi
astical organizations, i. 267. Its first organization, i. 269.
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