An Elementary Course of Civil Engineering for the Use of Cadets of the United States' Military AcademyWiley, 1852 - 391 páginas |
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Otras ediciones - Ver todas
An Elementary Course of Civil Engineering: For the Use of Cadets of the ... D. H. (Dennis Hart) Mahan Sin vista previa disponible - 2012 |
Términos y frases comunes
abutments action angle angle of repose arch arranged axis bars beton blocks bolts bottom brick bridge bridge-frame built beams cables calcination canal carbonic acid cast iron centre connected consists construction counterforts courses cross section curved rib depth diagonal braces dimensions drains durability effect embankment engineer excavation experiments exterior face feet flanch foundations frame freshets give horizontal hot blast hydraulic cement hydraulic lime inclined joints kiln laid layer length lime-stones lock masonry material mortar moveable moveable bridge natural open-built beam ordinary parapet pieces piers piles placed plates platform points of support portion present pressure rail receive resistance rest road road-covering roadway roadway-bearers sand secured side slopes slaked soffit soil solid span spandrels springing lines strength string structure struts suitable surface suspended suspension bridges termed timber tion tow-path truss uprights usually vertical voussoirs wall water-courses water-way weight width wire wooden wrought iron
Pasajes populares
Página 294 - ... replaced, and properly adjusted. The blocks of the different courses across the roadway should break joints. The surface of the road is convex ; the convexity being determined by making the outer edges six inches lower than the middle, for a width of thirty feet. This system of pavement fulfils in the best manner all the requisites of a good road-covering, presenting a hard even surface to the action of the wheels, and reposing on a firm bed formed by the broken-stone bottoming. The mortar-joints,...
Página 86 - From what has been stated above, deduced from experiments made with great care, it is evident that the maxim of loading bodies within the elastic limit, has no foundation in nature...
Página 288 - When the axis of the roadway is laid out on the side slope of a hill, and the road-surface is formed partly by excavating and partly by embanking out, the usual and most simple method is to extend out the embankment gradually along the whole line of excavation. This method is insecure, and no pains therefore should be spared to give the embankment a good footing on the natural surface upon which it rests, particularly at the foot of the slope. For this purpose the natural surface should be cut into...
Página 83 - A long uniform cast-iron pillar, with its ends firmly fixed, whether by means of discs or otherwise, has the same power to resist breaking as a pillar of the same diameter, and half the length, with the ends rounded, or turned so that the force would pass through the axis.
Página 368 - In some of the earlier plank-roads made in Canada, a width of sixteen feet was given to the wooden track, the boards of which were laid upon four or five rows of sills ; experience soon demonstrated that this was by no means an economical plan, as it was found that vehicles kept the centre of the wooden surface, which was soon worn into a beaten track, whilst the remainder was but slightly impaired.
Página 61 - ... in contact with iron, protects it as fully as zinc alone, and suffers but little loss from the electro-chemical action ; thus presenting a protective energy more permanent and invariable than that of zinc, and giving a nearer approximation to the solution of the problem, " to obtain a mode of electro-chemical protection such, that while the iron shall be preserved the protector shall not be acted on, and whose protection shall be invariable.
Página 8 - This stone resembles mica slate, being an aggregation of quartz and talc. It is applied to the same purposes as mica slate. 16. Sand-stone. This stone consists of grains of silicious sand, arising from the disintegration of silicious rocks, •which are united by some natural cement, generally of an argillaceous or a silicious character. The strength, hardness, and durability of sand-stone vary between very wide limits. Some varieties being little inferior to good granite, as a building stone, others...
Página 335 - ... culvert. If the water of the brook is generally limpid, and its current gentle, it may, in the last case, be received into the canal. The communication of the brook, or feeder, with the canal, should be so arranged that the water may be shut off, or let in at pleasure, in any quantity desired. For this purpose a cut is made through the side of the canal, and the sides and bottom of the cut are faced with masonry laid in hydraulic mortar. A sliding gate, fitted...
Página 108 - ... the breadth at least equal to the thickness, and seldom greater than twice this dimension, and to limit the length to within three times the thickness. When the breadth or the length is considerable, in comparison with the thickness, there is danger that the block may break, if any unequal settling, or unequal pressure, should take place. As to the absolute dimensions, the thickness is generally not less than one foot, nor greater than two ; stones of this thickness, with the relative dimensions...
Página 47 - ... appearances, or by cutting into the centre of the trunk, and counting the rings, or layers of the sap and heart, as a new ring is formed each year in the process of vegetation. When the tree commences to decline, the extremities of the old branches, and particularly the top, exhibit signs of decay.