entered the service of the English and became very successful in harassing, killing, capturing, scalping, and destroying the remaining Corees, and Matakuskeets; who were mostly taken and sold as slaves. Tired and worn down by these perpetual losses, the remnant of these two tribes sued for peace, which was granted, upon condition that they should dwell quietly at Matakuskeet, under the care of an inspector. Thus closed finally this ever memorable war, February, 1715.

Colonel Moor returned to South-Carolina, where his services were soon required, to quiet the savage insurrections in the south: accordingly he was dispatched with a body of fifty men to join the forces of the colony in the This war was of short continuance, and not very

war.

- serious in its operations or consequences.

The supplies which South-Carolina had sent, from time to time, for the relief of the northern colony, added to the infancy of their government, rendered it necessary for their assembly to issue paper money, to the amount of eight thousand pounds; and to support the credit of these bills, they were made payable in the discharge of all lawful debts. This soon became an evil worse than the Indian war. The money depreciated, in defiance to all the efforts of the assembly to prevent it, and with its depreciation involved the people in new difficulties, and émbarrassments. The effects of this depreciated paper money were sensibly felt, in the rise it occasioned upon land. This, in the year 1711, had advanced the price of lands, as well as quit-rents, one hundred per cent; that is, the price of land from twenty to forty shillings the hundred acres; and the quit-rents from sixpence to one shilling.

In 1676, the colony of Carolina consisted of fourteen hundred taxable inhabitants, it being fifty-three years since the proprietary government had commenced, and in 1717,

it did not exceed two thousand, allowing one third of these to be slaves; (which may be considered as a fair estimate ;) then the fencibles of the colony could not amount to thirteen hundred. This fact alone is a sufficient comment upon the genius of their government, as well as upon its administration. Such were the number of emigrations during the reign of Sothel, Culpepper, and Car, that the governor of Virginia was constrained to issue a proclama-tion, ordering" that all fugitives from Carolina, without a pass, should be apprehended and sent back."

Their historian, Dr. Williamson, remarks-" That the temperature of the climate in Carolina was so inviting, the soil so fertile, and the means of living so easy, that the inhabitants must have been very numerous, if the government had been administered with any degree of wisdom. The farmer was not constrained to make any provision for his cattle in winter, for they found a sufficient supply in the woods, and flocks of wild cattle became the subjects of profitable game to the hunter," &c.

In many cases of bad officers, the lord's proprietors were deceived in the men of their choice; but in others they deceived themselves, by appointing men, not only of doubtful and suspicious characters, but men notoriously bad. Thus in Carolina, venality, corruption, and oppres sion reigned, to the ruin of hundreds of private citizens, and the general damage of the colony.

CHAPTER XIX.

PENNSYLVANIA CONTINUED, FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF GOV. GOOKIN, TO THE DEATH OF WILLIAM PENN, 1718.

In our last we closed with the foolish, as well as mad projects of Gov. Evans, and his consequent removal from office ; we are now about to enter upon the administration of Gov. Gookin, a character, (to say the least of him,) in all respects the reverse of that of Gov. Evans.

Gov. Gookin arrived at Philadelphia, in March, 1709, accompanied by a letter of introduction from the proprietary, in which he sums up the merits of his character in these few, but appropriate words-" A person of years, experience, and moderation, as well as of good character, example, and abilities, and descended from a good family, in Ireland," &c. Under this recommendation he met the people of his government in their General Assembly, who were in session at the time of his arrival, and under this recommendation, his people received him, as may be seen by their cordial addresses and replies. [See Proud's History of Pennsylvania.]

Having thus passed through the introductory ceremonies of office, the people claimed of the new, governor, a suitable redress of the grievances they had suffered under the wanton administration of Gov. Evans; but the wisdom and prudence of Gov. Gookin, led him to wave this demand, by assuring them that the whole affair was well known in England, before his departure, and that as he had received no instructions upon the subject, he presumed it was not expected that he should intermeddle in those affairs, and recommended a general oblivion of what was past; and a strict attention to harmony, wisdom, and justice, for the future. Thus, with a few reflections on the part of the peo

ple, which gave umbrage to the council; and a few remarks in reply from the council, together with general explanations by the parties, the old controversy was covered, and the way prepared for a smooth and tranquil administration These appearances notwithstanding, there remained a party in the house of assembly who could not feel willing to pass over the outrages of Governor Evans in so much silence, and who framed a remonstrance against that part of Gov. Gookin's address, which recommended oblivion ; and leaving him time to reflect upon the subject, they adjourned to the first day of the fourth month, (June.)

On the day appointed by adjournment, the governor met the assembly with the following speech.

"GENTLEMEN,

"The queen, for the good of her subjects in these provinces, has fitted out a fleet with great expence, for the retaking of Newfoundland, and for the conquest of Canada, and has intrusted Col. Vetch with her majesty's letters to the several governors, with instructions to agree on proper measures for carrying her majesty's design into execution. Boston, Rhode-Island, and Connecticut, have out-done her majesty's expectations. I hope we shall not be wanting in our duty.

"The quota for this province is one hundred and fifty men, to be officered, victualled, and paid, the same as those of the other governments; the charge, I suppose, will amount to about four thousand pound.

"Perhaps it may seem difficult to raise the men, in a country where almost all the inhabitants are obliged by their principles, not to bear arms; but if you will raise the money demanded for the support of government, I do not doubt getting the number of men, whose principles allow them to bear arms, and commissioners may be appointed VOL. II.

34

for the disposal of the country's money, that the people may be satisfied that the money is applied to no other use than this expedition.

"I must recommend to you the present circumstances of the three lower counties; you are not now falsely alarmed; New-Castle seems now to be the only proper place to make any defence; I find them ready and willing to do any thing in their power for the good of the country, and look on themselves as a frontier to you, though a weak one; and if they perish, in all probability, your destruction will not be far off; therefore, in my opinion it is your interest, that they be furnished with every thing necessary to obstruct an enemy.

"I have only to add, that as all private affairs ought to give place to the immediate interest of her majesty's service, so it will not be my duty to hearken to any proposals, or enter into any business with you, till her majesty's commands, be complied with; and therefore desire you will give this affair all possible dispatch."

I have inserted this address at full length, because it alludes to the expedition under Sir William Phips, which has been fully noticed under the history of New-England, as well as for the display it calls forth of the genius and military character of Pennsylvania.

This demand struck at the fundamental principles of their religion, and government; they plead that they could not bear arms conscientiously, according to their religion; neither could they raise money for that purpose, to encourage or support war in others; for in so doing, they were responsible for the evil consequences that resulted from war; and above all, it was repugnant to the spirit, and genius of their constitution of government, under which they settled, and had so long lived, and therefore they could not comply with her majesty's demands; "yet in gratitude