and custom, when Norris and Preston went on shore to obtain a pass; but not returning soon, Hill hoisted anchor and set sail; the fort hailed, and fired with spirit, some of the shot pierced the mainsail, but without much damage. When Captain French, the commander of the fort, saw his power set at defiance, and the vessel had gone clear, he armed a small boat, and put off with his hands to arrest the further progress of the vessel; when the boat came along side, Hill ordered a rope to be handed, and French was invited on board, Hill cut the rope, the boat dropt astern, and French was conducted a prisoner to the cabbin, and from thence to Lord Cornbury, governor of NewJersey, and then at Salem, a little below. Lord Cornbury reprimanded French with great severity, and dismissed him, and thus the nuisance was forever removed by a stratagem of a very different character from the one that caus ed it.

Hill followed up the blow, and at the next assem bly obtained an unanimous address to the governor, reprobating the proceedings at the fort at New-Castle. The people resented these proceedings of the governor so highly, that it destroyed all his future influence, and opened perpetual collisions between the assembly and the governor ; in which state things continued, and in the summer of 1707, the assembly drew up and forwarded a remonstrance to the proprietary, against the governor, and Secretary Logan, in which they arranged a long catalogue of complaints and grievances against them. The remonstrance had the desired effect, Evans was removed, and Charles Gookin appointed in his place, 1709. Pending these troubles in the province, the proprietary was constrained to mortgage his province, to ease himself of that burthen of debt, which he had so liberally incurred in bringing forward this infant colony. Thus we see that the result of all this good man's labours, was reproach, per

secution, anxiety, distress, and debt. This ingratitude of

man was not peculiar to William Penn; it has been common to all good men from the earliest ages of the world, down to the present time, and will most probably continue to be, until the sordid and malignant heart of man shall be changed in that great and interesting day, when all wrath, malice, and evil speaking shall be done away; when mutual interest, concord, and harmony, shall form the bonds of social, political, and religious intercourse, and the ties of universal philanthrophy shall embrace the whole family of man.

CHAPTER XVIII.

CAROLINA CONTINUED, FROM THE CLOSE OF CAREY'S REBELLION, AND THE SETTLEMENT OF THE FRENCH HUGUENOTS, AND THE PALATINES, TO THE CLOSE OF THE INDIAN WAR.

We closed our last chapter on Carolina, with the suppression of Carey's rebellion; our attention is now called to the history of the Palatine colony.

In the year 1690, a colony of French Huguenots came into Virginia, under the patronage of King William, and settled at the Mamakin Town, in Virginia, upon James River. Displeased with their situation, they removed into Carolina in the year 1707, and settled down upon the river Trent, under the pastoral care of their beloved Rybourg. This colony was a valuable acquisition to Carolina, on account of their pious, industrious, and frugal habits; and they flourished under these virtues, and became useful and valuable citizens.

This colony had abandoned their native land and fled into exile, to escape the religious persecutions that had drenched Europe in blood during the period of the reformation, and sought a repose amongst the pilgrims of the age, in the wilds of America.

A colony of German Protestants, from Heidleberg, upon the Rhine, fled from the despotic persecutions of their lordly, despotic Palatines, who were, at every succession, not only changing their own religion, but the religion of the Palatinate. The elector, Frederick II. was a Lutheran, Frederick III. his successor, became a Calvinist, Ludovic V. restored the Lutheran Church. His son and successor, restored Calvinism, and the next reigning family were Catholics, and oppressed the Protestants. Worn out with these oppressive changes, together with the ravages of war, which

often wasted their country with fire and sword, about six thousand of these persecuted German Protestants embraced the invitation of Queen Ann, in her proclamation of 1708, fled their country with their wives and children, and took refuge in England. They were cordially received, and supported in a body, at the expence of government; and at their request, one hundred families were transported to Carolina, through the agency of Christopher Graffenried and Lewis Michell, who were then in America exploring the country of Virginia and Carolina, to open the way for the settlement of a colony. These speculators entered into a contract with the proprietors of Carolina, upon the following terms and conditions:

That ten thousand acres of land should be surveyed to them, lying between the Neus and Cape Fear Rivers, at the ratio of twenty shillings per hundred acres, and six pence the yearly quit-rent; also another tract, in reserve, of one hundred thousand acres, for twelve years; and whoever should pay the usual price of five thousand acres, should possess a title, which fell to the lot of De Graffenried. Queen Ann had appointed commissioners to make provision and furnish support for this colony, whilst they remained in England, and these commissioners entered into a covenant with Graffenried and Michell, upon the following terms; that they, Graffenried and Michell, would transport to Carolina six hundred and fifty men, women and children of these Palatines, (one hundred families,) and that they would convey to each family two hundred and fifty acres of land, surveyed into lots of that size, free of rent for five years, and then at an annual rent of two pence currency, per annum, forever afterward. That they would supply each family with provisions for one year, for which they were to pay a reasonable consideration at the end of the following year; they also agreed to furnish each family with the necessary implements of husbandry, free of ex

pence, as well as tools to erect houses, &c. They also agreed to furnish cows, hogs, and sheep, to a certain number, within four months after their arrival in Carolina, to be paid for in seven years, and half of the remaining increase was to be returned as a consideration of interest.

The commissioners stipulated to pay five pounds per head for their transportation, and at the same time gave each person, either old or young, twenty shillings, from the charitable funds collected for their support; and the Palatines delivered over their money, so received, to Graffenried and Michell as their treasurers in trust, to be repaid upon their arrival in Carolina. In December, 1709, the colony arrived in Carolina, at the confluence of the rivers Neus and Trent, where they erected huts to shelter them, until they entered upon their lands. This place of their first residence they called New Bern, in honor of the native place of Graffenried, in Switzerland. Graffenried had gained his title by his purchase, and become Baron De Graffenried, and with this he contented himself to mortgage his lands to Thos. Pollock, for eight hundred pounds sterling, deliver over his Palatine colony, and return to Switzerland. Thus abandoned by their chief, these hardy, industrious Protestants, took up such lands as they could procure in this cheap country, and by their frugal habits acquired a comfortable living. Such was their influence and respectability, that upon their petition to King George, he granted them a tract of ten thousand acres, rent free for ten years, as an indemnity for their losses. Thus we see that the arts of finesse amongst land speculators, commenced with the first settlement of the country, and have continued, not only down to our own times, but will most probably continue until the whole continent becomes one vast settlement, and the cause that first gave rise to it is entirely removed.