not flower but in a saline soil. These shrubs will bear this climate very well, with the exception of the Rose-acacia, which must be sheltered from frost and keen winds. They may be kept moderately moist.

CRUCIFERA.

ROCKET.

HESPERIS.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSE.

Hesperis is from the Greek, and signifies evening; the flowers are so called because they smell sweetest at that time.-English, Rocket; Dame's-violets; Damask-violets; Queen's-gillow flowers; Rogue's-gilliflowers; Winter-gilliflowers; and Close-sciences.-French, la Julienne; la Juliana; la cassolette [smelling-bottle]; la giroflée musquée [musk pink]; la giroflée des dames [ladies' pink]; la violette des dames [dame's violet]; la Juliane de nuit [night Juliana].-Italian, esperide; Giuliana; viola matronale [housewives' violet]; bella Giulia [pretty Julia].

THE species called the Night-smelling Rocket is much cultivated for the evening fragrance of the flowers, which induces the ladies in Germany to keep it in pots in their apartments, whence it obtained the name of Dame'sviolets.

These flowers are generally biennial, and flower but once; they must therefore be frequently supplied. A strong root of each kind desired should be set apart, not suffered to flower; but when the flower-stems have shot up six inches high, they should be cut down close to the bottom: these stalks may each be cut into two pieces, and both halves planted in a soft loamy earth and placed where they may enjoy the morning sun. They should then be well-watered and covered with glasses, round the rims of which the earth should be drawn close, to exclude the air. When the sun is hot, these glasses should be shaded. Once

a week the cuttings should be watered, and again carefully covered. With this management they will put out roots in five or six weeks, and begin to shoot above: then the glasses should be a little raised on one side, to admit the air, and gradually to harden them. When they have taken good root, replant them in pots about ten inches in diameter, observing to shade them till they have taken good root, and to water them as when first planted.

The roots so cut down will send out more stalks than before, and these may be cut down and treated in the same manner; so that, if the roots are sound, two or three crops of cuttings may be taken from them, and there may always be a good supply of these flowers.

They blow in June; and, after the flowers have decayed, young plants may be raised from the stalks as before directed; but not so strong as from the fresh roots, nor are they always sure to grow.

Their colours are purple or white; single and double of each; they must not be over-liberally watered, nor planted in a very rich soil, or they will be liable to rot. In dry, hot weather, when they are in flower, they may be watered every evening, but it must be very sparingly.

This beautiful plant is rather scarce in this country, as the cuttings treated in the ordinary way do not succeed well; but the following method will be found a never-failing method of propagating it. After the flower has begun to fade, cut down the stalks and divide them into cuttings, strip off the leaves and smooth the ends, then make three slits with a knife in the rind lengthways, so as to raise it for about half an inch in length. By this means, when the cutting is inserted into the ground, the loose rind curls up, and thus a greater tendency to throw out roots is produced, so that not one in twenty will fail. The same method is equally efficacious in cuttings of stock-gilliflowers and double wall-flowers.

ROSE-BUSH.

ROSA.

ROSACEA.

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

French, le rosier; flowers, la rose: in bas Breton, rôs.-Italian, rosajo: rosa: in the Brescian, larrosa.

IT is not intended to set down here a catalogue of the various kinds of Roses, but to speak of a few of the most eminent, and particularly such as are best adapted for the present purpose. Unfortunately it happens with many of them, as with some other valuable plants, of which the Laurustinus is one, that they will not thrive well in the vicinity of London.

The Single Yellow Rose is a native of Germany, Italy, and the South of France. The Austrian Rose is considered as a variety of this: it is of a sulphur-colour outside, and a bright scarlet within. The Double Yellow Rose is full and large, as the Provins Rose: it is a native of the Levant.

These kinds are principally mentioned for their rarity, being some of those which will not grow near London.

The Cinnamon Rose-French, rose canelle-is one of the smallest and earliest of the double garden roses: it is supposed to be named from the scent of the leaves, some say of the flowers. Mr. Martyn says he can discover nothing in the scent of either, at all resembling that spice.

The Dog-Rose is well known as the blossom of the Common Briars, growing wild in almost every part of Europe; here called the hip-tree, hep-tree, and in Devonshire, canker, and canker-rose: the name of dog-rose probably arises from the heps or fruit being eaten by dogs, whence the Tartars call the heps by a name signifying

dog-fruit. In French these roses are called rosier sauvage, wild rose-bush; rosier des haies, hedge rose-bush; rose de chien, dog rose; rose cochonniere, swine rose; eglantier; eglantine: in Italian they are called rosa salvatica; rosa

canina.

The Scotch Rose is also common to most parts of Europe; the petals are white, or cream-coloured; yellow at the base and sometimes striped with red: the fruit is a dark purple, and the pericarp contains a fine purple juice, which, diluted with water, dyes silk and muslin peachcolour: the addition of alum will make it a deep violet dye. The fruit, when ripe, is eaten by children: the leaves are small and elegant: the whole plant seldom exceeds a foot in height: it likes the shade and a moist soil.

The Common Provins Rose-French, rose de Provinsis one of the most beautiful yet known in the English gardens: it is very large and full, folded close in the manner of a cabbage; some call it the Cabbage-Rose on this account. It is the most fragrant as well as the handsomest kind we have: it will grow seven or eight feet high. The petals, which are deep red and of a powerful scent, may be kept for a year or eighteen months by being pressed close. It takes its name not from Provence, as is commonly supposed, but from Provins, a small town about fifty miles from Paris, where it is largely cultivated: and where it was first introduced from the east.

There are two small varieties of the Provins which are much esteemed, the Rose de Meaux and the Pompone Rose: if the old wood of these kinds be cut down every year after they have done blowing, it will cause them to shoot more vigorously, and to flower more freely.

The Moss-rose, or Moss Provins-rose, is well known as an elegant plant; the flowers are deeply coloured, and the rich mossiness which surrounds them gives them a luxuriant appearance not easily described; but it is familiar to every

one.

It is a fragrant flower: its country is not known to us, and we know it only as a double flower.

The Red Provins-rose is smaller than the Common Provins, and deeper-coloured; there is also a Blush, and a White Provins.

The Damask-rose is a pale red: it is not very double, but is sweet-scented, and extremely handsome. It is a native of the South of France: there are many varieties, the Monthly, the Striped Monthly, which is red and blushcoloured, and the York and Lancaster, so called because it is striped with both red and white. Miller believes this Rose to have been brought originally from Asia; a syrup is prepared from it.

The Frankfort-rose is full and handsome, but scentless. This and the Damask-rose grow about the same height as the Provins.

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The Monthly Roses do not thrive well near London but are not so peremptory in this point as the Yellow Roses, which it is said will not flower within ten miles of it. Of the other kinds which have been mentioned, the dead wood should be cut out every year, and the suckers taken off: this should be done in the autumn.

The Red Rose is large, but not very double; it is of a rich crimson colour, and particularly fragrant. Parkinson calls this the English Rose, because the first known in this country, and more cultivated here than elsewhere; and because it was assumed by some of our kings as a symbol of royalty. There is a variety of this kind, with white and red stripes. This rose is used in medicine for conserves, infusions, honeys, syrups, &c., and was much valued by Arabian physicians.

Gerarde says, "that in Leylande fields, in Lancashire, this Garden-rose doth grow wild in the ploughed fields among the corn in such abundance, that many bushels of them may be gathered there, equal with the best Garden