ABBA OUMNA, a distinguished Jewish physician, i. 401.
Abbot Arnold, his sanguinary order at
the capture of Beziers, ii. 62. Abdallah penetrates Africa as far as Tripoli, i. 334.
Abdalmalek invades Africa, i. 334. Abderrahman slain at the battle of
Abderrahman III., description of the Court of, ii. 32.
Introduces cotton manufacture into Spain, ii. 386. Abderrahman Sufi improves the pho-
tometry of the stars, ii. 42. Abdulmalek, his scrupulous integrity in regard to the church of Damascus, i. 338. Abelard, Peter, his character and doc- trines, ii. 11.
Abkah, his temporary success in sub-
jugating Africa, i. 334.
Aboul Wefa discovers the variation of the moon, i. 325.
Abraham Ibn Sahal, obscene character
of the songs of, ii. 35. Absorption of the soul of man, the Veda doctrine of, i. 60. Abu-Bekr, the successor of Mohammed and first Khalif, i. 334. Abul Cassem, a Moorish writer of
the tenth century, on trade and commerce, ii. 44.
Abul Hassan, an Arab astronomer, ii. 42.
Abu Othman, a Moorish writer on zoology, ii. 39. Acaciu, Bishop of Constantinople, excommunicated by Felix, the Bishop of Rome, i. 352.
Academies, accusation of heresy against the Italian, ii. 213. Foundation of modern learned, il 287.
Academy, Old, founded by Plato, i. 169. Middle, founded by Arcesilaus, i.
New, founded by Carneades, i. 169. Fourth, founded by Philo of Larissa, i. 170.
Fifth, founded by Antiochus of As- calon, i. 170.
Acherusian Cave, superstitiously be- lieved to lead to hell, i. 36. Achilles, spear of, preserved as a relic, 51.
Puzzle, advanced by Zeno the
Eleatic as one of four arguments against the possibility of motion, i. 122.
Acoustics, discoveries in, and pheno- mena of, ii. 370.
Adrian, Pope, incurs the displeasure
of Charlemagne in consequence of selling his vassals as slaves, i,
Affinity, first employed in its modern
acceptation by Albertus Magnus, ii. 153.
Africa, circumnavigation of, by the ships of Pharaoh Necho, i. 78. Conquered by the Arabs, i. 333. Effects of the loss of, on Italy, i. 350. Circumnavigation of, by Vasco de Gama, ii. 168.
Age of the earth, problem of, ii. 294. Proofs of, ii. 334.
Age of Faith, Greek, i. 143. Its problems, i. 217. European, i. 308.
In the East, end of, i. 326.
In the West, i. 349; ii. 1, 27, 77, 105.
Its literary condition, ii. 128. Results of, in England, ii. 229. Contrast of, and age of Reason, ii. 389.
Age of Greek decrepitude, i. 207. Age of Inquiry, Greek, its solutions,
Albertus Magnus constructs a brazen man, ii. 116.
His extensive acquirements, ii. 153. Alberuni, a Moorish writer on gems, ii. 39.
Albigensian revolt, ii. 147. Albucasis, a skilful surgeon of Cor- dova, ii. 39.
Alby, edict of Council of, against the Jewish physicians, ii. 125. Al-Cawthor, river of, mentioned in the Koran, i. 346. Alchemists, Saracenic, i. 409. Alchemists, minor, of England,
France, and Germany, ii. 155. Alchemy, theory and object of, i. 406. Alcuin, a Benedictine monk, founded the University of Paris, i. 437. Alemanni, Christianized at the begin-
ning of the sixth century, i. 365. Alexander, Bishop of Constantinople, his controversy with Arius, i. 285.
Alexander II. excommunicates the Bishop of Milan, ii. 17.
Alexander IV., Pope, he endeavours to destroy the "Everlasting
Alexander of Aphrodisais, his prin-
ciples and tendencies, i. 259.
Alexander the Great, his invasion of Persia, i. 171.
His character, i. 174.
Alexandria, foundation of, i. 173. Political state of, i. 200.
Decline of the school of, i. 204. Description of, i. 323.
Its capture, i. 334.
"Alexiad" of Anna Comnena, ii. 59. Algazzali, his writings and doctrines, ii. 50.
Alhakem, Khalif, his extensive library, ii. 32.
Alhazen discovers atmospheric refrac- tion, ii. 42. Review of, ii. 45.
His conclusions on the extent of the atmosphere confirmed, ii, 367
Ali, believed by the Shiites to be an incarnation of God, i. 347. His patronage of literature carried out by his successors, ii. 36. Alineations, employed by Hipparchus in making a register of the stars, i. 202. Alliacus, Cardinal, the five memoirs of, ii, 254.
Almagest, of Ptolemy, description of, i. 203.
Translated by Averrhoes, ii. 67. Almaimon, his letter to the Emperor Theophilus, ii. 40.
Determines the obliquity of the ecliptic, ii. 41.
Also the size of the earth, ii. 41. His accuracy confirmed by the
measurements of Fernel, ii. 255. Almansor patronizes learned men ir- respective of their religious opinions, i. 336.
Alps, upheaval of, i. 31. Al-Sirat bridge, spoken of in the Koran, i. 346.
Alwalid I., Khalif, prohibits the use of Greek, i. 339.
Amadeus, elected "Pope Felix V.,” ii. 103.
Amber brought from the Baltic, i. 46.
Supposed by Thales to possess a living soul, i. 97.
Its electrical power imputed to a soul residing in it, i. 100. Study of its phenomena has led to important results, ii. 376. Ambrose of Milan converts St. Augus- tine, i. 304.
Apology for the impostures prac- tised by, i. 313.
Ambrose Paré lays the foundation of modern surgery, ii. 285. America, persecutions practised in, ii.
America, United States of, separation of Church and State in, ii. 143, 227.
Opportune occurrence of the Revo- lution, ii. 150.
Culmination of the Reformation in, ii. 226.
American tragedy, ii. 166.
Ammon, St., wonder related of, i.
Ammonius Saccas, reputed author of the doctrines of Neo-Platonism, i. 211.
Amrou, the Mohammedan general, takes Alexandria, i. 333. Amulets, whence their supposed power derived, i. 403.
Anabaptists, number of, put to death, ii. 226.
Analogy of Greek and Indian Philo- sophy, i. 210.
Analysis, higher, commencement of the, i. 134.
Political dangers of, i. 139. Anaxagoras condemned to death for impiety, i. 50.
His doctrines, i. 108.
Persecution and death of, 110. Anaximander of Miletus, his doctrines, i. 106.
Originates cosmogony and biology, i. 107.
Anaximenes of Miletus holds the doc- trine that air is the first prin- ciple, i. 98.
Anchorets, number of, i. 432. Animals, Veda doctrine of use of, i. 61. Are localized as well as plants, ii. 309.
Order of succession of, ii. 321. Animals, cold and hot-blooded, ii. 332.
Characteristics of, ii. 339.
In lower tribes of, movements are automatic, ii. 349.
Their instinctive and intellecal apparatus, ii, 351.
Their nature, ii. 363.
Analogy between, and Man
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, takes part in the dispute between. the realists and nominalists, ii. 12. Anthony, St., a grazing hermit, i.
Delusions of, i. 429. Anthropocentric stage of thought, i. 36.
Ideas, prominence of, i. 64. Ruin of, ii. 279.
Philosophy, review of, ii. 287. Antimony, its uses, and origin of its name, ii. 156.
Antiochus of Ascalon, founder of the fourth Academy, i. 170. Antiochus, King of Syria, cedes his European possessions to Rome, i.
Antisthenes, founder of the Cynical School, i. 149.
Antonina, wife of Belisarius, her cruel treatment of Sylverius, i. 354. Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, Emperor, his acknowledgments to Epic- tetus, i. 259.
Antonio de Dominis, outrage on the body of, ii. 225. Apennines, upheaval of, i. 31. Apocalypse, comments on, ii. 78. Apollonius Pergæus, the writings of, i. 201.
His geometry underrated by Pa- tristicism, i. 316.
Apollonius of Tyana aids in the intro- duction of Orientalism, i. 210. Wonders related of, ii. 115. Aquinas, Thomas, a Dominican, the rival of Duns Scotus, ii. 14. Sojourns with Albertus Magnus, ii. 116.
Arabian influence, importance of, i. 383.
Sorcery, i. 390.
School system, ii. 36. Practical science, ii. 38.
Medicine and surgery, ii. 39. Astronomy, ii. 41.
Practical art, ii. 43.
Arabs cultivate learning, i. 335. Rapidity of their intellectual de- velopment, i. 336.
Invade Spain, ii. 28.
Arabs, civilization and refinement of Spanish, ii. 30.
Introduce the manufacture of cot- ton into Europe, ii. 386. Invent cotton paper, and the print- ing of calico by wooden blocks, ii. 386.
Arantius, a distinguished anatomist, ii. 284.
Arcesilaus, founder of the Middle Academy, i. 169.
Archimedes, the writings of, i. 194. His mechanical inventions held in contempt by Patristicism, i. 316. Arctinus, his poems held in venera- tion, i. 51.
Arddha Chiddi, the founder of Buddh- ism, life of, i. 66.
Argonautic voyage, object of, i. 41. Its real nature, i. 45. Ariminium, Council of, i. 289. Aristarchus attempts to ascertain the sun's distance, i. 199.
Aristippus, the founder
of the Cyrenaic School, i. 149.
Aristotle keeps a druggist's shop in Athens, i. 129, 397. Biography of, i. 176.
His works translated into Arabic, i. 402.
Aristotelism compared with Platonism i. 177.
Arithmetic, Indian, ii. 40. Arius, his heresy, i. 285.
His death, i. 288.
Political results of his heresy, i.
Asellius discovers the lacteals, ii. 285.
Asoka, King, patronizes Buddhism, i. 67.
Aspasia, history of, significant, i. 132. Astrolabe, known to the Saracens, ii. 42.
Astronomical refraction, understood by Alhazen, ii. 46. Astronomy, primitive, i. 39.
Passes beyond the fetich stage, i. 100.
Of Eratosthenes, i. 199.
How she takes her revenge on the Church, i. 360.
The intellectual impulse makes its attack through, ii. 133. Astronomy affords illustration of the magnitude and age of the world, ii. 278.
Athanasius rebels against the Emperor Constantine, i. 289.
First introduces monasticism into Italy, i. 433.
Athene, statues of, i. 51. Athens, her progress in art, i. 132. Athens, her philosophy, i. 133.
Atlantic, first voyage across, ii. 162. Atmosphere, height of, determined by Alhazen, ii. 47. Effects of light on, ii. 320.
The phenomena and properties of, ii. 367.
Atomic theory, suggested by Demo- critus, i. 125.
Attalus, King of Pergamus, effect of
his bequests to Rome, i. 247. Attila, King of the Huns, "the scourge of God," invades Africa, i. 350.
Augsburg, Diet of, ii. 211. Augustine, St., causes Pelagius to be expelled from Africa, 294. Writes the "City of God," i. 301. Character of that work, i. 304. Denies the possibility of the Anti- podes, i. 315.
His notion of the Virgin, i. 361. On spontaneous generation, ii. 329.
Auricular confession, introduction of, ii. 65.
"Ausculta Fili," Papal bull of, ii. 83. Australian, how affected by physical circumstances, i. 26.
Avenzoar, a Moorish writer on phar- macy, ii. 39. Averrhoes, of Cordova, the chief com- mentator on Aristotle, ii. 39. His theory of the soul, ii. 193. Confounded force with the psychical principle, ii. 343.
His erroneous view of man, ii. 357. Avicenna, the geological views of, i̟. 411.
A physician and philosopher, ii. 39. Avignon, Papacy removed to, ii. 86. Voluptuousness of, ii. 95. Papacy leaves, ii. 96.
Azof, Sea of, dependency of the Medi- terranean, i. 28.
Babylonian, extent of astronomical observations, i. 192.
Bacon, Lord, nature of his philosophy, ii. 258.
Bacon, Roger, titles of his works, ii. 120.
Is the friend of the Pope, ii. 132. His history and his discoveries, ii. 153.
Baconian philosophy, its principles un- derstood and carried into practice eighteen hundred years before Bacon was born, ii. 175. Bactrian empire, European ideas trans- mitted through, i. 45.
Badbee, John, the second English mar- tyr, denies transubstantiation, ii.
Bagdad, Khalifs of, patronize learning, i. 335.
Its university founded by the Khalif Al Raschid, i. 402. Baghavat Gita, i. 65.
Baines on the extent of the cotton manufacture, ii. 386.
Bajazet, defeats Sigismund, King of Hungary, at the battle of Nico- polis, ii. 106.
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