winter without getting their pay. When I die my people will be very poorthey will have no property, no chief and no one to talk for them, Mr. Simmons, when I am gone. We are ashamed when we think of the Puyallups, as they have now got their papers. They fought against the whites, while we, who have never been angry with them, get nothing. When we get our pay we want it in money. The Indians are not bad. It is the mean white men that are bad to them. If any person writes that we do not want our papers they tell lies. O, Mr. Simmons, you see I am sick. I want you to write quickly to the Great Chief what I say. I am done."

On the evening of the same day Colonel Simmons and his party proceeded to Skagit Head, where he met some eight hundred Indians of the Skagit, Snohomish, Snoqualmie and other tribes. In reply to his speech to them, Hetty-Kanim, a sub-chief of the Snoqualmies, said, "I am but a subchief, but I am chosen by my.people to speak for them to-day. I will speak what I think and I want any of the drinking Indians to contradict me if they can. Liquor is killing our pepple off fast. Our young men spend their money and their work for it. Then they get angry and kill each other and sometimes kill their wives and children We old men do not drink and we beg our boys not to trade with cultus (bad) Boston men for liquor. We have all agreed to tell our agent when any liquor boats are about and help to arrest the man who sells it. I will now talk about our treaties. When is the Great Father who lives across the mountains going to send us our papers back? Four summers have passed since you and Governor Stevens told us we would get our pay for lands. We remember well what you said to us over there (pointing to Elliott Bay) and our hearts are very sick because you did not do as you promised. We saw the Puyallups and the Nesquallys get their annual pay, and our hearts were sick because we could get nothing. We never fought with the whites. We considered it good to have good white people among us. Our young women can gather berries and clams and our young men can fish and hunt and sell what they get to the whites. We are willing that the whites shall take the timber, but we want the game and the fish, and we want our homes, where there is plenty of game and fish and good lands for potatoes. We want our Great Father to know what our hearts are, and we want you to send our talk to him at once. I have done." Speeches by other Indians were made to the same effect. After a meeting of the same character with Indians who had collected at Point-No-Point, Colonel Simmons and his party returned to Olympia.

In 1859 the treaties referred to were ratified by the senate, and subsequently the surviving Indians received their long expected and long delayed annuities. For further information in regard to these and other treaties with the Puget Sound Indians see the reports of the Indian bureau of Washington,

D. C. The life of Governor I. I. Stevens, written by his son, George Hazard Stevens, also recites many important facts in regard to these treaties, most of which were negotiated by Governor Stevens, as well as other matters of interest in connection with early Puget Sound history.

Mount Rainier, the highest peak of the Cascade range and next to the highest mountain in the United States, 14,526 feet, was named after a distinguished admiral of the English navy by Vancouver in 1792. A persistent effort has been made in certain quarters to change the name to Mount Tacoma, but as Rainier is the only name that has ever been recognized by the United States government, and is the only name which has ever appeared upon the government maps or the maps of the general land office, there does not appear to be any authority or justification for the attempted change in the designation of this grand and beautiful mountain. This towering monument of nature's skill, in its majestic proportions, its solemn, silent and symmetrical outline and superb surroundings, presents a brilliant illustration of the fact that "a thing of beauty is a joy forever."

COLONEL CLINTON PEYRE FERRY.

The French, as all students of colonial history well know, were the first explorers of the country bordering on the great lakes. Long before the English appeared, the heroic La Salle, the self-sacrificing Marquette, and the daring Hennepin had pushed their fragile pirogues or still lighter canoes in bayous, rivers and bays bordering Lakes Ontario, Erie and Michigan. The nomenclature all through this region still attests the presence of these early navigators, and many places settled as far back as the later decades of the seventeenth century. still bear French names. Detroit and nearby localities in Ohio and Indiana were at an early period favorite scenes: of operation for French traders, who had a method of conciliation and natural suavity of address that enabled them to keep on good terms with the Indians. Even after the French had lost their possessions in America, as the result of prolonged wars with England, French communities lingered here and there, and the musical voice of the voyageur or courier de bois still resounded along the rivers or through the depths of the forest. Emigrants from France, therefore, who sought asylum or settlement in the northern states of the west, naturally gravitated to those localities where French people, the French language, or French customs still prevailed, and it was the coming of a man of this class that marks the beginning of the pleasant biographical narrative here unfolded.

Peter Peyre Ferry, who was born at Marseilles, the famous seaport on the Mediterranean, rose to prominence during the Napoleonic wars as one of the young officers under Bonaparte. In 1814, just a year before the final fall of his hero at Waterloo, when "the meteor of conquest allured him too far," Colonel Ferry decided to leave his disturbed native land and seek a new home in North America. In that year he landed on Long Island, and some time later succeeded in securing an appointment as collector at the port of Sandusky, which at that period was the entry port for the entire western country. The young Frenchman was, however, eventually driven away from his post by the hostile Indians of the vicinity, and this led to his becoming one of the earliest settlers of Monroe, which afterward grew into one of the important lake towns of eastern Michigan. At this place were born his two sons, one of whom was the late Governor Ferry of the state of Washington, and the other Lucien Peyre Ferry.

A number of years before this period a French emigrant by the name of Louis Bourie had settled at Detroit, and later accumulated considerable wealth by his dealings with the natives. He carried on the first banking business between Fort Wayne and Detroit by fur and merchandise between his trading posts. Louis Bourie had a daughter named Caroline, born at Detroit in 1812, whose varied accomplishments and personal charms made her a popular belle in this frontier settlement of the western wilderness. Lucien Peyre Ferry, who had established himself in business at Fort Wayne and attracted attention as a lawyer and politician, and who served in the first Indiana legislature, proved the accepted lover of this beauty, and they were married at the pioneer residence of Colonel Bourie in Fort Wayne. They