FIG. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. Weathering of rock, as shown by old masonry. (The "falsebedding" and other original structures of the stone are revealed by weathering). PAGE 16 7. Erosion of limestone by the solvent action of a peaty stream, Durness, Sutherlandshire 33 8. Pot-holes worn out by the gyration of stones in the bed of a stream 9. Grand Cañon of the Colorado 40 44 10. Gullies torn out of the side of a mountain by descending torrents, with cones of detritus at their base 47 11. Flat stones in a bank of river-shingle, showing the direction of 14. Alluvial terraces on the side of an emptied reservoir 17. Piece of shell-marl containing shells of Limnæa peregra 62 18. View of Axmouth landslip as it appeared in April 1885 69 19. Section of cavern with stalactites and stalagmite 72 20. Section showing successive layers of growth in a stalactite. 23. Perched blocks scattered over ice-worn surface of rock 86 24. Stone smoothed and striated by glacier-ice 89 25. Ice-striation on the floor and side of a valley 90 26. Buller of Buchan-a caldron-shaped cavity or blow-hole worn out of granite by the sea on the coast of Aberdeenshire. 95 27. The Stacks of Duncansby, Caithness, a wave-beaten coast-line 28. Section of submarine plain 97 100 29. Storm-beach ponding back a stream and forming a lake; west coast of Sutherlandshire 103 31. Diatom-earth from floor of Antarctic Ocean, magnified 300 35. Cellular lava with a few of the cells filled up with infiltrated mineral matter (Amygdules) 130 36. Section of a lava-current 131 37. Elongation of cells in direction of flow of a lava-stream 132 38. Volcanic block ejected during the deposition of strata in water 137 39. Volcanoes on lines of fissure 139 40. Outline of a volcanic neck 142 41. Ground-plan of the structure of the Neck shown in Fig. 40 142 42. Section through the same Neck as in Figs. 40 and 41 143 43. Volcanic dykes rising through the bedded tuff of a crater 145 44. Group of quartz-crystals (Rock-crystal) 157 45. Calcite (Iceland spar) showing its characteristic rhombohedral 53. Piece of hæmatite, showing the nodular external form and the internal crystalline structure 172 54. Octahedral crystals of magnetite in chlorite schist 173 55. Dendritic markings due to arborescent deposit of earthy manganese oxide 174 56. Cavity in a lava, filled with zeolite which has crystallised in long 61. Sphærosiderite or Clay-ironstone concretion enclosing portion of 65. Section of a septarian nodule, with coprolite of a fish as a nucleus 188 FIG. PAGE 72. Schistose structure 194 73. Brecciated structure-volcanic breccia, a rock composed of angular fragments of lava, in a paste of finer volcanic debris 197 77. Group of crystals of felspar, quartz, and mica, from a cavity in the Mourne Mountain granite 216 78. Columnar basalts of the Isle of Staffa, resting upon tuff (to the 83. Cast of a sun-cracked surface preserved in the next succeeding layer of sediment 233 84. Rain-prints on fine mud 234 85. Vertical trees (Sigillaria) in sandstone, Swansea (Logan) 94. Curved strata (anticlinal fold), near St. Abb's Head 251 95. Curved strata (synclinal fold), near Banff 252 96. Anticlines and Synclines 253 97. Section of the Grosse Windgälle (10,482 feet), Canton Uri, Switzerland, showing crumpled and inverted strata (after Heim) 254 101. Sections to show the relations of Plications to reversed Faults 258 102. Throw of a Fault : 259 103. Ordinary unaltered red sandstone, Keeshorn, Ross-shire 260 104. Sheared red sandstone forming now a micaceous schist, Kee shorn, Ross-shire 260 105. Outline and section of a Boss traversing stratified rocks 265 106. Ground-plan of Granite-boss with ring of Contact-Meta 115. A, Fucoid-like impression (Eophyton Linneanum) from Cam brian rocks (3). B, An Upper Silurian sea-weed (Chondrites 319 116. Oldhamia radiata (natural size), Ireland 321 123. Filled-up Burrows or Trails left by a sea-worm on the bed of 140. Section of part of the Cape Breton coalfield, showing a succes |