IN THE

NINETEENTH CENTURY;

CONTAINING

A COMPLETE ACCOUNT

OF THE RUINS OF THE ANCIENT CITY,
THE REMAINS OF THE MIDDLE AGES, AND THE

MONUMENTS OF MODERN TIMES.

WITH

REMARKS

ON THE FINE ARTS, ON THE STATE OF SOCIETY,
AND ON THE RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES, MANNERS, AND CUSTOMS,
OF THE MODERN ROMANS.

IN A

SERIES OF LETTERS

WRITTEN DURING A RESIDENCE AT ROME,

IN THE YEARS 1817 AND 1818.

""Tis Rome demands our tears,
The Mistress of the World, the seat of empire,-
The nurse of heroes, the delight of gods,-
That humbled the proud tyrants of the earth,
And set the nations free,-Rome is no more!"

IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOL. I.

SECOND EDITION.

EDINBURGH:

Printed by James Ballantyne and Company,

FOR ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND CO. EDINBURGH :
AND HURST, ROBINSON, AND CO. LONDON.

1822.

BOY W.

PREFACE.

SOME apology, or rather some explanation, seems now to be necessary, in offering to the public any book of travels whatsoever.

Every part of the known world has of late been so assiduously explored, and so industriously described, that every man ought to be nearly as well acquainted with the remotest regions of the earth as with the boundaries of his native parish; and many persons are actually better informed about any other country than their own. But in describing Rome, which has been already described so often, such an explanation seems to be more imperatively called for; yet, paradoxical as it may appear, it is the want of a good account of Rome that has induced the Author of these Letters to attempt, in some degree, to supply the de