a powerful incentive and support in doing the right.

With those who are meditating treason and destruction we should never make common cause (Prov. χχίν. 21, 22).

Verse 9. Sensual indulgence. 1. Unfits the mind to estimate the relative value of things. 2. A fruitful source of social and moral corruption. 3. Encourages promiscuous association with questionable characters. 4. Affords a coveted opportunity to artful conspirators. 5. Instigates to all kinds of violence.

He who gives the crowd wherewith to eat and to drink, who prepares for them festivities and pleasures, makes himself popular and beloved for the moment; but all who allow themselves to be gained in such way, to-day shout Hosanna! and to-morrow, Crucify!Lange.

Verse 1. A good character. 1. Places a man beyond the suspicion of treachery. 2. Is honoured, while it is feared and envied, by the base. 3. Saves man from many temptations to evil.

HOMILETICS OF VERSES 11-14.

THE COUNSEL OF THE WISE AND GOOD.

I. Is prompted by an unselfish concern to carry out the Divine will. 1. The Divine will is the first and highest consideration with a true prophet. Nathan well knew it was the Divine purpose that Solomon should reign. Doubtless it was he who revealed to David the promise of Jehovah to this effect (1 Chron. xxii. 8, 9). Without blindly and inactively resting on the issue of the Divine decree, he saw the wisdom and importance of using all lawful means to disconcert the wicked attempt to frustrate it. He was not influenced by a priestly officiousness and love of political intrigue, but by the supreme and jealous anxiety to fulfil the will of God. "When crowns were disposed of by immediate direction from Heaven, no marvel that prophets were so much interested and employed in that matter; but now that common Providence rules the affairs of the kingdom of men (Dan. iv. 32) the subordinate agency must be left to common persons. Let not prophets intermeddle in them, but keep to the affairs of the kingdom of God among men." Nathan was indifferent to the personal risk he run had his counsel been rejected and Adonijah allowed to become king. In all things, spiritual and temporal, the will of God is the highest reason. It is the safest motive to action. 2. The conduct of Nathan was in harmony with a genuine friendship. The faithfulness of the prophet in reproving David's sin not only produced repentance, but established a bond of friendship which lasted for the remainder of the monarch's life. The training of Solomon was entrusted to Nathan, and the amiable qualities and superior abilities of the youthtul prince won the prophet's love. The services of a true friend may be more freely and cheerfully rendered when they accord with the Divine intentions. It is no act of friendliness to tender advice which involves in its observance the displeasure of God. Advice should be given with gentleness and wisdom: it should fall as the dew, not overwhelm as the torrent.

II. Highly valuable in great emergencies. A grave crisis had come in the history of the kingdom. It needed the utmost caution and promptitude in dealing with it. Important interests were threatened. 1. A crown was at stake (ver. 11). Adonijah had usurped the position to which his brother was formally designated. There was danger the sceptre should not pass into the hands of Solomon. The crown of life, more lustrous far than the costliest carthly diadem. is reserved for the faithful. That no man take our crown,

we must give heed to Divine counsel. 2. Life was at stake (ver. 12). It was the sanguinary custom among the ancient monarchies of the East, in the event of a forcible seizure of the throne, to murder the dethroned ruler, or the opposing pretenders to the crown, and all their nearest relatives (Judg. ix. 5; 1 Kings xv. 29; 2 Kings x. 6, 13; ib. xi. 1). If Adonijah succeeded, Bathsheba, Solomon, and, probably, Nathan, must perish. We are in danger of eternal death. It is the privileged function of God's messengers, while warning against threatened death, to offer life. Happy are they who are wise to receive instruction! To keep sound wisdom and discretion is life to the soul and grace to the neck (Prov. iii. 21, 22). 3. The wish of the dying king was disregarded. That Adonijah knew the intention of David was evident by his refusing to summon Solomon, and by conducting the conspiracy so secretly that the aged king was ignorant of it. Filial duty dictates a reverential regard to the last wishes of a dying parent. Rebellion outrages all family relationships, and ignores the dearest parental wishes. 4. The future prestige of the empire was imperilled. Adonijah was unfit to govern. Had he reached the throne, his career must have been one of disaster. There would have been no Solomon-era; and the peace, the commercial affluence, the luxurious display, the intellectual glory, and theocratic splendour that characterised the brilliant reign of the wise and gifted king, would have been, if not unknown, indefinitely postponed. A prophet and a woman-both contemptuously overlooked by the proud conspirators were the instruments of defeating an ill-starred enterprise. The timely and vigorous action of a single mind has often decided the destiny of a nation.

III. Suggests the most forcible reasons for right action (verse 13). 1. The king is informed that his own arrangement concerning the regal succession is violently disturbed. "Why, then, doth Adonijah reign?" It was a terrible blow to David to be told that his son-a son so fondly loved and excessively indulged-was engaged in a rebellious attempt to defeat his father's declared intention. It would affect David the more that his informant was Bathsheba, a woman he tenderly loved, and mother of the son who would be most injured if the usurper triumphed. Nothing will sooner rouse a man into action than the forcible and wilful interference with his own long-cherished and thoughtfullyformed plans. 2. The king is reminded of his oath. "Didst not thou swear?" It is not known when David made the promise on oath to Bathsheba that her son should be king. It was evidently after the revelation made to him by Jehovah, recorded in 2 Sam. vii. The reference to his oath, uttered with the utmost solemnity and awe, would be irresistible. The God-fearing king would be incited to adopt prompt and active measures for ensuring the accomplishment of his purpose. The man who fears God must ever be most solicitous to fulfil the promise made by his solemn invocation of the Divine Name.

IV. Is supplemented and confirmed by active, personal endeavours (verse 14). Many are ready to tender advice when it does not involve personal effort and inconvenience. Advice thus cheaply given is generally estimated at the same value. The true friend, not content with simply giving the wisest counsel, is prepared to substantiate his words with earnest, diligent, and self-sacrificing personal endeavours. The advice of such a friend is beyond all price. It should be gratefully obeyed.

LESSONS:-1. The minister of God should be able to give sound counsel. 2. The best counsel is that which is most in harmony with the will of God. 3. The counsel of the wise and good should be carefully pondered. 4. Good counsel, when promptly acted upon, is followed with beneficial results.

GERM NOTES ON THE VERSES.

Verse 11. The watchfulness of the faithful minister-1. Enables him to discern the dangers which threaten the interests of God's kingdom. 2. To discover the secret plots of evil workers. 3. To afford seasonable and important counsel in grave emergencies. 4. To lend all the force of his personal efforts in defeating the designs of the wicked. 5. To brave all the perils of fidelity.

Nathan, the type of a true prophet. Seen-1. In his watchfulness and fidelity (Ezekiel xxxiii. 7). He is not silent when it was his duty to open his mouth (Isaiah lvi. 10). 2. In his wisdom and gentleness (Matt. x. 16). 3. In his earnestness and courage (Matt. x. 28). How grand is this Nathan! How reproving to all who sleep when they should be wakeful, who are dumb when they should counsel, who flatter when they should warn! It is a solemn duty not to conceal what can prove an injury and evil to an individual or to a community, but to expose it at the right time and in the right place, so that the injury may be averted.-Lange.

Verse 12. The great burden of the Trapp.

HOMILETICS OF VERSES 15-21.

THE PERSUASIVE PLEADING OF AN ANXIOUS MOTHER.

I. Is profoundly deferential. Bathsheba hesitates not to venture at once into the inner chamber of the aged and dying king. Her maternal instincts and concern for her son's future render her courageous. Her presence pleaded eloquently, but her speech, tremulous with the conflicting emotions of the wife and mother, was overwhelming. "Bathsheba bowed and did obeisance

unto the king" (verse 16). She paid every respect due to David as her prince and husband. If we would find favour with superiors, we must show them becoming respect. We should cherish a dutiful regard towards those from whom we expect kindness. Nothing is ever lost by sincere politeness. It evidences a refined and gentle spirit. It propitiates the most morose, and often wins a favourable reception in the most difficult suit. It succeeds where an unmannerly brusqueness fails. It is irresistible in a true woman. Life is not so short but there is always time enough for courtesy.

II. Urges the religious obligation of an oath. Verse 17, "Thou swarest by the Lord thy God." A conscientious man is morally bound by his promised word; but an oath is inviolable. We are engaged if we have promised; if we have sworn, we are bound. Neither heaven nor earth has any gyves for

that man who can recklessly shake off the fetters of an oath. Such a man has no regard for that God whose awful name he dare invoke to a falsehood. He who cares not for God will not care for man. It is a powerful leverage to move a man to right action when we can remind him of his solemnly pledged word. An oath should be religiously remembered and conscientiously fulfilled. It is a duty we owe to both God and man. Even the highest in authority should be faithfully reminded of this duty, and warned as to the consequences of a careless repudiation of trust. A faithful friend in a palace is rare.

III. Graphically depicts the distraction of rebellion (verses 18, 19). 1. The throne is seized by an ungrateful son. "Adonijah reigneth." Without waiting for the death of his father, or seeking his sanction, and even without his knowledge, the presumptuous son assumes all the authority and external display of royalty. Had his right to the succession been ever so good, such conduct was undutiful and treasonable. An unprincipled ambition corrupts natural affection: it acknowledges obedience to none but its own imperious will. 2. Excessive festivity prevails. Indulgence is often provocative of vain boasting, extravagant designs, and riotous conduct. It leads to cruelty and disaster. 3. The members of the royal family and the true friends of the aged king are seduced from their allegiance. There was disorder in the household. The children of David repaid his paternal kindness with unfaithfulness and wild rebellion. The ingratitude of children, for whom so much has been sacrificed and endured, is one of the sharpest pangs of a disappointed parent's heart. Polygamy, in however limited a degree, is a prolific source of domestic trouble. Any violation of the moral order carries with it its own Nemesis. The infidelity of Abiathar and Joab-men with whom he had repeatedly trusted his life-was a severe blow to David. Little does the renegade friend think of the anguish caused by his treachery. Confidence in human nature is shattered. 4. The king-designate is ignored. "But Solomon thy servant "-not thy sovereign, as Adonijah affects to be--"hath he not called." He is evidently regarded as a rival, and every attempt is made to prevent his gaining the throne. It is not an oversight, but a contempt of the act of settlement, which had been made sufficiently public, that Solomon is neglected. All the fondly cherished plans of David are threatened with a rude and ignominious overthrow. The scene of confusion created by the rebels, thus graphically presented, was calculated to deeply affect the dying monarch-as the husband, the father, and the king.

IV. Earnestly advocates the pressing claims of the nation (verse 20). The rebellion had not gone so far as that of Absalom's in stealing away the hearts of the people. There was a grave pause in the kingdom. The people hesitated what to do, until the royal intention was publicly proclaimed. David was too firmly seated in the affections of his subjects to allow them to act without the knowledge of his declared will. This ominous silence of the national voice was Nathan's opportunity and Adonijah's doom. In troublous times the nation looks to the king. In him is vested supreme authority. He is the guide and defender of the empire. The interests of all are in his keeping; and his power should ever be exercised on the side of justice, equity, and peace. A divine sentence is in the lips of the king. "That thou shouldest tell them who shall sit on the throne." This some princes love not to do-Queen Elizabeth, for instance. A false Jesuit wrote that she wished she might, after her death, hang awhile in the air, to see what scuffling there would be for her kingdom. Men should use whatever power or influence they possess, not in compassing their own selfish ends, but in advancing the kingdom of the Messiah.

V. Is full of genuine pathos. 1. A mournful contingency is referred to (verse 21). "When my Lord shall sleep with his fathers." Here the heart of

the wife speaks out. It was evident David's end was near; and Bathsheba could not contemplate that event without deep emotion. Death is compared to a sleep. Beautiful simile! Such a view robs death of its terror, and soothes the sorrow of the bereaved. Death is but the gentle sinking of the tired and spent body into the lap of rest. Silently it reposes among the hallowed dust of bye-gone generations, until the last great trumpet shall wake it into newness of life. 2. A tender allusion is made to threatened personal peril. "I and my son Solomon shall be counted offenders." Here the heart of the mother speaks out. It is suggested by some commentators that, probably, Adonijah had spoken slightingly of Bathsheba as an adultress, and of Solomon as illegitimate, and, therefore, not fit to be king. The reputation of mother and son was in danger, and must be protected. Not only so: if Adonijah succeeded, they would both be reckoned traitors and public enemies, and their lives sacrificed. Adonijah would not have dealt so mercifully with Solomon as Solomon did with him. He who usurps a throne will stop at no cruelty to secure himself in it. If anything will rouse the soul into earnest concern, it is the peril to which those dear to it are exposed.

LESSONS:-1. The mother exerts a powerful influence on the destiny of the family. 2. It is an unspeakable advantage for a youthful prince to have a wise and capable mother. 3. The eloquence of a mother's heart is irresistible.

GERM NOTES ON THE VERSES.

Verses 15-21. Bathsheba before the king. She reminds him of his duty1. Towards God, before whom he had sworn. What one has vowed before God, according to God's will, one must hold to under all circumstances; of this one must remind kings and princes. 2. Towards the people, whose wellbeing and whose woe were in his keeping. The great responsibility of him towards whom all eyes are directed. 3. Towards the wife and son, whose happiness and life were at stake. Woe to the father through whose guilt wife and children, after his death, fall into contempt and wretchedness.-Lange.

Verse 16. "What wouldest thou ?" A question the King of Heaven is ever asking-1. The perplexed enquirer. 2. The penitent suppliant. 3. The complaining sufferer. 4. The solitary mourner. 5. The ambitious selfseeker.

Verse 18. "Thou knowest it not. The isolation of the aged and infirm -1. Presents a melancholy contrast to the joyous excitement of an active life. 2. Renders them oblivious of the most important events of the outside world. 3. Ignorant of the calamities that threaten their dearest interests. 4. Familiarizes their minds with suffering and approaching death. 5. Calls for the kindly attention and sympathy of loving hearts.

Verse 20. The grave responsibilities of the monarch. 1. All eyes are turned to him in times of national distress. 2. He is expected to promptly and effectually crush rebellion. 3. The best interests of his subjects should be his chief concern. 4. He should make the wisest arrangements for the future peace and stability of the kingdom. 5. He is accountable to God, from whom he derives his authority.

HOMILETICS OF VERSES 22-31.

THE EXPOSTULATION OF A FAITHFUL MINISTER.

Bathsheba retires, and Nathan is announced. No time should be lost in dealing with evil. Delay is all in favour of the enemy. Wickedness hardens in its effrontery the longer it is unchecked. Observe: