§3. Helps from Comparative Philology. The Aryans in Central Asi 4. The Aryans in India. The Native Races. The Vedic Age. Theol- § 1. Buddhism, in its Forms, resembles Romanism; in its Spirit, Prot- 2. Extent of Buddhism. Its Scriptures 3. Sakya-muni, the Founder of Buddhism 4. Leading Doctrines of Buddhism 2. Greek Accounts of Zoroaster. Plutarch's Description of his Religion 175 5. Spirit of Zoroaster and of his Religion 6. Character of the Zend Avesta 7. Later Development of the System in the Bundehesch 8. Relation of the Religion of the Zend Avesta to that of the Vedas 9. Is Monotheism or pure Dualism the Doctrine of the Zend Avesta. 10. Relation of this System to Christianity. The Kingdom of Heaven 1. Antiquity and Extent of Egyptian Civilization. 2. Religious Character of the Egyptians. Their Ritual 3. Theology of Egypt. Sources of our Knowledge concerning it 5. Resemblance of the Scandinavian Mythology to that of Zoroaster 7. Social Character, Maritime Discoveries, and Political Institutions of 2. Abraham; or, Judaism as the Family Worship of a Supreme Being 402 3. Moses: or, Judaism as the national Worship of a just and holy King 409 4. David; or, Judaism as the personal Worship of a Father and Friend 421 5. Solomon; or, the Religious Relapse 6. The Prophets; or, Judaism as a Hope of a spiritual and universal 3. Early Life of Mohammed, to the Hegira 4. Change in the Character of Mohammed after the Hegira 5. Religious Doctrines and Practices among the Mohammedans 6. The Criticism of Mr. Palgrave on Mohammedan Theology 7. Mohammedanism a Relapse; the worst Form of Monotheism, and a 3. Christianity, as a Pleroma, compared with Brahmanism, Confu- TEN GREAT RELIGIONS. INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER I. ETHNIC AND CATHOLIC RELIGIONS. 8.1. Object of the present Work. § 2. Comparative Theology; its Nature, Value, and present Position. § 3. Ethnic Religions. Injustice often done to them by Christian Apologists. § 4. How Ethnic Religions were regarded by Christ and his Apostles. § 5. Comparative Theology will furnish a new Class of Evidences in Support of Christianity. § 6. It will show that, while most of the Religions of the World are Ethnic, or the Feligions of Races, Christianity is Catholic, or adapted to become the Religion of all Races. § 7. It will show that Ethnic Religions are Partial, Christianity Universal. § 8. It will show that Ethnic Religions are arrested, but that Christianity is steadily progressive. THE § 1. Object of the present Work. HE present work is what the Germans call a Versuch, and the English an Essay, or attempt. It is an attempt to compare the great religions of the world with each other. When completed, this comparison ought to show what each is, what it contains, wherein it resembles the others, wherein it differs from the others; its origin and development, its place in universal history; its positive and negative qualities, its truths and errors, and its influence, past, present, or future, on the welfare of mankind. For everything becomes more clear by comparison We can never understand the nature of a phenomen when we contemplate it by itself, as well as when we look at it in its relations to other phenomena of the same kind. The qualities of each become more clear in contrast with those of the others. By comparing together, therefore, the religions of mankind, to see wherein they agree and wherein they differ, we are able to perceive with greater accuracy what each is. The first problem in Comparative Theology is therefore analytical, being to distinguish each religion from the rest. We compare them to see wherein they agree and wherein they differ. But the next problem in Comparative Theology is synthetical, and considers the adaptation of each system to every other, to determine its place, use, and value, in reference to universal or absolute religion. It must, therefore, examine the different religions to find wherein each is complete or defective, true or false; how each may supply the defects of the other or prepare the way for a better; how each religion acts on the race which receives it, is adapted to that race, and to the region of the earth which it inhabits. In this department, therefore, it connects itself with Comparative Geography, with universal history, and with ethics. Finally, this department of Comparative Theology shows the relation of each partial religion to human civilization, and observes how each eligion of the world is a step in the progress of hunanity. It shows that both the positive and negative side of a religion make it a preparation for a higher religion, and that the universal religion must root itself in the decaying soil of partial religions. And in this sense Comparative Theology becomes the science of missions. Such a work as this is evidently too great for a single mind. Many students must co-operate, and that through many years, before it can be completed. This volume is intended as a contribution toward that end. It will contain an account of each of the principal religions, and its development. It will be, therefore, devoted to the natural history of ethnic and catholic religions, and its method will be that of analysis. The second part, which may be published hereafter, will compare these different systems to show what each teaches concerning the great subjects of religious thought,- God, Duty, and Immortality. Finally, it will compare them with Christianity, and will inquire whether or not that is capable of becoming the religion of the human race. |