The Quarterly Review

source of law and right, is the master error which British Radicalism has borrowed from the Rousseauan Gospel. underlies the whole teaching of the Parnellite agitators and of their English allies. M. Taine has described the primitive Jacobin as the constant and systematic apologist of insubordination and revolt.' That is the precise description of the Jacobinism now naturalized among us. And the ground of apology is ever the same: 'What the people wills is just.' It is impossible to conceive of grosser outrages upon the elementary principles of Right than boycotting and the Plan of Campaign. Nothing is more significant than the condemnation pronounced by the Supreme Pontiff upon these practices. Leo XIII. knew well how seriously that condemnation would try the allegiance of the most devoted spiritual subjects he has in the world; the Irish peasantry, and the Irish priesthood almost exclusively recruited from the peasantry, who, in exchanging a frieze coat for a cassock, or a shillelagh for a crozier, by no means rid themselves of traditions and passions, burnt, so to speak, by centuries of English tyranny into their blood and bones. But necessity was laid upon the Pope. The championship of moral law,' according to Cardinal Newman, 'is his very raison d'être. Not even the most ultramontane of ultramontane theologians would presume, for one moment, to contend that he can dispense from it. Mr. Gladstone assumes a more than Pontifical authority. He tells the Irish peasantry, in effect, that they have a right to break their contracts and to rob their landlords if they choose: yes, and to coerce into submission those of their fellows who refuse to become confederate with them. We say in effect. Of course, Mr. Gladstone does not declare this plainly. He wisely leaves that to subordinate agitators. It is quite sufficient for his purpose to let the world know that boycotting appears to him exclusive dealing,' the Plan of Campaign 'a substitute without authority, for the law.' Far be it from me,' he adds, 'to assert, that such a plan, in the abstract, is an evil.' * 'In the abstract'! As though the question were not the most concrete in the world. But six months later Mr. Gladstone descends from his Cloud Cuckoo Town of abstractions, and boldly challenges all the human race to condemn his Hibernian allies. 'How can you say,' he demands, that those men were wrong, who, by the Plan of Campaign, saved people from eviction and starvation?'† On the 1st of last March, however, we find him assuring the House of Commons, I have never vindicated the Plan of Campaign *Speech in the House of Commons, February 17th, 1888.

+ Speech at Hampstead, July 1st, 1888.
2 P

Vol. 168.-No. 336.

or vindicated breaches of the law in any shape or form whatever.' 'Vindicated?' Formally, no. Really, yes. To insinuate the innocence of a criminal is often a more effective vindication than to assert it. Mr. Gladstone's attitude towards the masses is precisely indicated by certain words of Robespierre's: Quand le peuple souverain, reprenant les pouvoirs qu'ils ont délégués, exerce son droit inaliénable, nous n'avons qu'à nous incliner.' It is a doctrine which lays the brutal axe of Revolution to the very root of liberty. To be free,' said a great English judge, is to live under a government by law.'

Such is the new departure in English politics, which has been made by the Gladstonian section of the Liberal party. It is well that we should understand its true character. There can be no question whatever that the political and social doctrines, now preached to the Irish peasantry by Parnellite agitators, and their English allies, are the essential doctrines of Jacobinism. M. Taine has pictured for us in a striking sentence the immediate results of the 'new gospel' in France. In the first years of the last decade of the last century, he tells us, there reigned throughout the country, 'a universal and permanent Jacquerie.' Everywhere, he goes on to say, 'une minorité de fanatiques et d'ambitieux accapare la parole, l'influence, les suffrages, le pouvoir, l'action, et autorise ses usurpations multipliées, son despotisme sans frein, ses attentats croissants par la Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme.' And if this is ceasing to be true of Ireland, it is simply due to the courage and vigour shown by the present Government, in spite of every conceivable obstacle which British Radicalism has put in its way. What is in progress there is to borrow the Duke of Liancourt's phrase -not a revolt, but a Revolution. The first Act is now well advanced. What will the second Act be? There can be no doubt as to what it would be, if the rank and file of Mr. Parnell's supporters could shape it as they desire. Fanaticism, Fraud, and Folly, are as busy in Ireland now as they were in France upon the eve of the Jacobin Conquest. And they are working to the same end. Behind the agrarian question, Mr. Parnell told us years ago, is the national question. Yes. And behind the national question is the social question, as we suspect Mr. Parnell is well aware. There are those among his followers he has the best reason for knowing it—who are prepared to throw him over with little ceremony when he has served their purpose; who look forward to the day when their Rousseauan dogma shall be fully translated into fact, and their work of robbery and assassination shall be crowned by the proclamation of the Socialist Republic in Ireland.

INDEX

TO THE

HUNDRED AND SIXTY-EIGHTH VOLUME OF THE
QUARTERLY REVIEW.

African Missions. See Universities.
Allen, Miss, graphic account of Bishop
Steere, 239. See Universities.
Alnwick Castle, rebuilt by Henry de
Percy, 398.

America, betting and gambling in, 154.

Beaconsfield, Earl of, early life of, 1—
complex character, 2-delightful
letters, 3-confidence in his future
career, ib.-birth and ancestors, 4-
his father's secession from the Jewish
faith, 6-baptism, ib. taste for
letters and fine arts, 7-athletic
exercises, 8-acquaintance with Mr.
and Mrs. Austen, 9- Vivian Grey,'
10 bad health, 11- travels with
the Austens, 12-imitates Byron's
eccentricities, 13-at Milan, ib.-
Florence, 14-'Captain Popanilla,'
15-the 'Young Duke,' 16-prefer-
ence for a country life, ib.-impaired
health, leaves England for Gibraltar,
17-admiration for Murillo's paint-
ings, 18-describes travelling in
Spain, 19-at Malta, 20-Corfu, ib.
-visits Reschid Pasha at Janina,
21-his gorgeous garments, ib.—at
Athens, 22 enthusiasm for Con-
stantinople, 23-predilection for the
Turks, ib. at Jerusalem, Alexan-
dria, and Cairo, 24-ascent of the
Nile, ib.-return to England, 25-
'Contarini Fleming,' ib.-petted by
the fashionable world, ib.-stands
for High Wycombe, 26- Wondrous
Tale of Alroy,' 28- Rise of Iskan-
der,' scheme of the Arabian Nights,'
and plan of a 'Revolutionary Epic,'
ib.fantastic style of dress, 30
pecuniary difficulties, attack of ill-
ness, ib.-stands for Taunton, 31-
quarrel with O'Connell, 32-
Vol. 168.-No. 336.

the

2 Q

'Globe' correspondence, 32-'Run-
nymede Letters,' 33-his portrait
by Count d'Orsay, ib.-' Henrietta
Temple,' Venetia,' 34 - M.P. for
Maidstone, ib.-apology to Mr. C.
Austin, 35-marriage, ib. - Prime
Minister, 36-on the vital import-
ance of maintaining the independ-
ence of the Ottoman Empire, 36, 37
-efforts to maintain peace, 37-
thwarted by Mr. Gladstone, 38—fall
of Adrianople, 39- Congress of
Berlin, 40-acquisition of Cyprus, 41.
Betting, facilities of, 158. See Gam-
bling.

Brown, Horatio F., 'Life on the La-
goons,' and 'Venetian Studies,' 71.
Burgon, Dean, 'Lives of Twelve Good
Men,' 167-ROUTH, Dr., his birth, 168
-at Oxford, and takes his B.A., 169
-his first book, 170-advice to Dr.
S. Seabury, ib.-prospectus of his
Reliquiæ Sacræ and other works,
171-opinion of Burnet's writings,
of Macaulay's, ib. -President of his
College, 172-marriage, ib.-regard
for Newman, ib.-laborious study
and peaceful end, 173-Miss Mozley's
description of him, ib.-dress and
phraseology, 174-Toryism, ib.-tes-
timony against Roman claims, 175—
ROSE, Rev. Hugh James, birth and
delicate health, 175-at Cambridge,
176-marriage, ib.-sermons, ib.-
Rector of Hadleigh, editor of the
'British Magazine,' 177-Professor
of Divinity at Durham, controversy

with the other authors of the 'Tracts
for the Times,' 177-duties at King's
College, 178-resignation and death
at Florence, 179- WILBERFORCE,
Bishop, 180-his influence on the
manner of administering ordination
and confirmation, ib. —Lenten ser-
mons, 181-personal affections, horse-
manship, ib.-rectitude of purpose,
182-MARRIOTT, Rev. Charles, birth
and early life, 183-at Oxford, ib.—
Principal of the Theological College
at Chichester, ib.- returns to Ox-
ford, Vicar of St. Mary-the-Virgin,
184-illuess and death, ib.- Coxe,
Henry Octavius, 185 Bodleian
Librarian, his treasures, ib.-power
of sympathy, genuine piety, 186-
reply to Jowett, 187-death, ib.-
JACOBSON, William, his early years,
187-Regius Professor at Oxford, 188
-select preacher, Bishop of Chester,
ib.-his rigidly exact temper, 189-
death, ib.-GRESWELL, Richard, 189
-at Oxford, 190-the Tractarian
movement, scheme of national edu-
cation, ib.-love for Mr. Gladstone,
191-EDEN, Charles Page, birth and
early struggles, 192-fellow of Oriel,
ib.-peculiar character, 193-Vicar
of Aberford, ib.-death, 194-HIG-
GINS, Charles Longuet, the 'Lay-
Bishop,' birth, 194-at Cambridge,
forbidden by his father to take Holy
Orders, 195-studies medicine, ib.-
his various acts of usefulness and
mercy, 196--death, ib.--brief sketches
in the preface, 197.

Burke on the doctrine of 'civil and
religious liberty,' 553. See Jacobin-
ism.

Cavour, Count, Letters and Diary of,
103-his sense of fun, 104-peculiar
character, ib. - his grandmother,
105-parents, 106-affection for his
mother, 107-in the military aca-
demy, 108-his soldier-life, ib.-love
for the literature of France and
England, 109-interest in the Greek
insurrections, ib. discontent with
his lot, 110-transferred to Genoa,
ib. the revolution of 1830, 111—
summoned to Turin and ordered to
the Fort of Bard, 112-his incog-
nita, 113, 114-leaves the service,
115-letter to De la Rive on the
state of Italy, ib.-his moderation,
116-the salons of Paris, 117-at-
tends lectures, 118 the state of

France, 118-intercourse with Pro-
testant ministers, 119 - the new
Catholic and Democratic school, 120

partial suppression of monastic
bodies, 121-combats the secular-
ising of Church property, 122—
attitude towards Victor Emmanuel,
ib.-first visit to England, 123-on
the Poor Laws and Irish Question,
123, 124-statutory charity, 124-
on Ireland and O'Connell, 125—
abolition of the Corn Laws and
protection tariffs, 125-127-his agri-
cultural pursuits, 127-result of his
loss on the Bourse, 128-advocates
the introduction of railways, 128,
129-various improvements and in-
stitutions, 129 the Agricultural
Association, 130-rejoinder to the
Deputy Sineo, ib.-starts Il Risorgi-
mento,' 131-opposed by Valerio,
132-the monster petition, 132, 133
-his election opposed, 133-Minis-
ter of Finance, Premier, 134.
Chambord, Count de, at Rome, 49–
his manifesto, 57-letter to the
Princes, 66. See Falloux.
Charles X., his life at the Hradschin,

---

Prague, described by M. de Falloux,
46-Berryer on his character, 61.
Civil Service, the, its Organisation and
Competitive Examinations, 449-
new type of statesmen, ib. - Mr.
Goschen at the annual dinner, 450
-limited range of former opera-
tions, 451-abuse of patronage, 452
-result of the Report drawn up by
Sir C. Trevelyan and Sir Stafford
Northcote, 453-division of the ser-
vice into different classes, 454-
competitive examinations, 455-pro-
motion by seniority, 456-selection
by merit, 457-appointment of four
grades, 458-the Playfair Commis-
sion, commencement of, 459-the
former system not adapted to the
requirements, 460-scheme of Duty
Pay, 463-method of selection, 464
-plan for the superior grade, 465—
principle of competition, 466-469—
Orders in Council, 469-Upper and
Lower Divisions, 469-471-the in-
termediate grade, 471-Commission
of 1886, 472-the first Report, 473-
second, ib.-advantage to the Upper
Division Civil servant, 476-en-
trance to the service, 477-initial
salary, 478-sliding scale for the
Lower Division, 479-French writer
on M. Flourens' appointment, 480—
danger of political bias, 481.

Coal, waste of, 369. See Waste.
Cœur, Abbé, described by Cavour, 120.
Competitive Examinations adopted for
Civil Service, 455.

Congress of Berlin, 40. See Beacons-
field.

Coxe, Rev. Henry O., 185. See Burgon.
Crockford's gambling-house, 149.
Cyprus, acquisition of, 41. See Beacons-
field.

De la Rive, letters from Cavour, 115,
118.

De Quincey on Goethe's tone of mind,
348-moral temperament, 358.
Disraeli, Benjamin, grandfather of Lord
Beaconsfield, 5.

Disraeli, Benjamin. See Beaconsfield,
Earl of.

Disraeli, Isaac, father of Lord Beacons-
field, 5, 6.

Eden, Rev. Charles P., 192. See Bur-
gon.

Eliot, Hon. Hugh, 'Life of Sidney, Earl
of Godolphin,' 198. See Godolphin.

Falloux, Comte de, Mémoires d'un
Royaliste,' 43-birth and early years,
44-admiration for Talma, 45-at
Prague, ib.-describes Charles X. at
the palace of the Hradschin, 46—
at Rome, describes Pope Gregory
XVI., ib.-in England, 47-the Duke
of Wellington, ib.-friendship for
de Persigny, 48-resides in Paris, ib.

-Maria Theresa, Napoleon's widow,
described, 49-his marriage, 50-
advocates free education and reduc-
tion of postal rates, ib.-describes the
King's abdication, 51-elected to a
seat in the Constitutional Assembly,
52-the Revolution of 1848, 53-
offered the Ministry of Education
and Public Worship, 55-relinquishes
office, 56- Circular of Wiesbaden,'
57-coup d'état, 58-imprisoned, 59
-retires from political life, 60—
account of MM. Thiers' and Ber-
ryer's conversation about Charles X.
and the Revolution in July, 60–63—
anecdote of Thiers, 63-interviews
with Napoleon III., 64-resides at
Versailles, 65-Count de Chambord's
manifesto, 67-visits M. Thiers, ib.
-his judgment of the Count de
Chambord, 69-death, 70.

Gambling, 136-prevalence of betting,
137-productive of evil and waste of
time, 138 universal in every era
and clime, 138, 139-attempts to
prevent it in the fourteenth century,
140-encouraged by the Grand
Henri,' ib.-invention of cards, 140 n.
-prevalence in France, 141, 142—
in England, 142-eschewed by the
Puritans, 143-restrictions in Charles
II.'s reign, ib.-also under George II.
and George III., 144-C. J. Fox's
early initiation, 145, 146 - Lord
Kenyon's threat of the pillory, 147—
anecdotes of gamesters, 148-the
betting-book at Brooks's, ib.-Lord
de Ros, 149-Almack's, White's,
Wather's, Crockford's, ib.-case of a
remarkable wager, 150-Beau Brum-
mell and Tom Duncombe, 151-the
Duke of Wellington, ib.—play in
disfavour in England and France,
152-developed in German watering-
places, ib.-Bill for suppressing the
gaming-tables at Wiesbaden, Ems,
and Homburg, 153-in America, 154
Baccarat, 155 — play-establish-
ments in London, ib.-horse-racing,
157 professional bettors, 158
facilities for betting, 158, 159-ring-
men, 159-bookmen, 159-161
sporting newspapers, 161-influence
of the Church and lay opinion, 162
-considerations and disadvantages,

163.
Gertruydenberg, Congress of, 211. See
Godolphin.

Gladstone, Mr., and the Bulgarian
Atrocities,' 38. See Beaconsfield. On
boycotting and the Plan of Cam-
paign, 557. See Jacobinism.
Godolphin, Lord, 198-ancestors and
birth, ib.-page at Whitehall, 199—
marriage, personal appearance, ib.-
character of the statesmen of the
Revolution, 200, 201-Envoy Extra-
ordinary to the Spanish Netherlands,
201-knowledge of finance, 202-
raised to the peerage, ib.-Chamber-
lain to Mary of Modena, 203-takes

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