De Morgan, Augustus, negative terms, 14; Aristotle's logic, 18; relatives, 23; logical universe, 43; complex propositions, 75; contraposition, 83; formal logic quoted, 101; error of his system, 117; anagram of his name, 128; numerically definite reasoning, 168-172; probability, 198; belief, 199; experiments in probability, 207; probable deductive argu ments, 209-210; trisection of angle, 233; probability of infer- ence, 259; arcual unit, 306; mathematical tables, 331; per- sonal error, 348; average, 363; his works on probability, 394- 395; apparent sequence, 409: sub-equality, 480; rule of ap- proximation, 481; negative areas, 529; generalisation, 600; double algebra, 634; bibliography, 716; catalogues, 716; extensions of algebra, 758.
Density, unit of, 316; of earth, 387; negative, 642. Descartes, vortices, 517; geometry, 632.
Description, 62. Design, 762-763. Determinants, inference by, 50. Development, logical, 89, 97. Diagnosis, 708. Dichotomy, 703.
Difference, 44; law of, 5; sign of,
17; representation of, 45; infer- ence with, 52, 166; form of, 158. Differences of numbers, 185. Differential calculus, 477. Differential thermometer, 345. Diffraction of light, 420. Dimensions, theory of, 325. Dip-needle, observation of, 355. Direct deduction, 49. Direction of motion, 47. Discontinuity, 620.
Discordance, of theory and experi- ment, 558; of theories, 587.
Discoveries, accidental, 529; pre- dicted, 536; scope for, 752, Discrimination, 24; power of, 4. Disjunctive, terms, 66; conjunction, 67; propositions, 66; syllogism, 77; argument, 106. Dissipation of energy, 310. Distance of statements, 144. Divergence from average, 188. Diversity, 156.
Divine interference, 765. Dollond, achromatic lenses, 608. Donkin, Professor, 375; on proba- bility, 199, 216; principle of inverse method, 244.
Double refraction, 426. Dove's law of winds, 534. Draper's law, 606.
Drobitsch, 15.
Ellicott, observation on clocks, 455. Ellipsis, 41; of terms, 57. Elliptic variation, 474. Ellipticity of earth, 565.
Ellis, A. J., contributions to formal logic, 172.
Ellie, Leslie, 23, 375.
Ellis, W., on moon's influence, 410. Emanation, law of, 463. Emotions, 732.
Empirical, knowledge, 505, 525-
526; measurement, 552. Encke, on mean, 386, 389; his
comet, 570, 605; on resisting
Error, function, 330, 376, 381; elimination of, 339, 353; per- sonal, 347; law of, 374; origin of law, 383; verification of law, 383; probable, 386; mean, 387; constant, 396; variation of small errors, 479.
Ether, luminiferous, 512, 514, 605. Euclid, axioms, 51, 163; indirect proof, 84; 10th book, 117th proposition, 275; on analogy, 631.
Euler, on certainty of inference, 238; corpuscular theory, 435; gravity, 463; on ether, 514. Everett, Professor, unit of angle, 306; metric system, 328. Evolution, theory of, 761. Exact science, 456. Exceptions, 132, 644, 728; classifi- cation of, 645; imaginary, 647; apparent, 649; singular, 652; divergent, 655; accidental, 658; novel, 661; limiting, 663; real, 666; unclassed, 668. Excluded middle, law of, 6. Exclusive alternatives, 68. Exhaustive investigation, 418. Expansion, of bodies, 478; of liquids, 488.
Experiment, 400, 416; in proba- bility, 208; test or blind, 433; negative results of, 434; limits of, 437; collective, 445; sim- plification of, 422; failure in simplification, 424. Experimentalist, character of, 574, 592.
Experimentum crucis, 518, 667. Explanation, 532.
Extent of meaning, 26; of terms,
Facts, importance of false, 414, conformity with, 516.
Fallacies, 62; analysed by indirect
method, 102; of observation, 408, Faraday, Michael, measurement of gold-leaf, 296; on gravity, 342, 589; magnetism of gases, 352; vibrating plate, 419; electric poles, 421; circularly polarised light, 424, 588, 630; freezing mixtures, 427; magnetic experi- ments, 431, 434; lines of mag- netic force, 446, 580; errors of experiment, 465; electrolysis, 502; velocity of light, 520; pre- diction, 543; relations of phy- sical forces, 547; character of, 578, 587; ray vibrations, 579; mathematical power, 580; philo sophic reservation of opinion, 592; use of heavy glass, 609; electricity, 612; radiant matter, 642; hydrogen, 691. Fatality, belief in, 264. Ferio, 56.
Figurate numbers, 183, 186. Figure of earth, 459, 565. Fizeau, use of Newton's rings, 297, 582; fixity of properties, 313; velocity of light, 441, 561. Flamsteed, use of wells,
standard stars, 301; parallax of pole-star, 338; selection of obser- vations, 358; astronomical in- struments, 391; solar eclipses, 486.
Fluorescence, 664.
Fontenelle on the senses, 405 Forbes, J. D., 248
Force, unit of, 322, 326; ema- nating, 464; representation of, 633.
Formula, empirical, 487; rational, 489.
Fortia, Traité des Progressions, 183. Fortuitous coincidences, 261. Fossils, 661.
Foster, G. C., on classification, 691. Foucault, rotating mirror, 299; pen-
GALILEO, 626; on cycloid, 232, 235; differential method of obser- vation, 344; projectiles, 447, 466; use of telescope, 522; gravity, 604; principle of con- tinuity, 617.
Gallon, definition of, 318. Galton, Francis, divergence from
mean, 188; works by, 188, 655; on hereditary genius, 385, 655. Galvanometer, 351. Ganières, de, 182.
Gases, 613; properties of, 601, 602; perfect, 470; liquefiable, 665, Gauss, pendulum experiments, 316; law of error, 375-6; detection of error, 396; on gravity, 463. Gay Lussac, on boiling point, 659; law of, 669.
Genealogical classification, 680, 719. General, terms, 29; truths, 647; notions, 673.
Generalisation, 2, 594, 704; mathe-
matical, 168; two meanings of, 597; value of, 599; hasty, 623. Genius, nature of, 575.
Genus, 433, 698; generalissimum, 701; natural, 724. Geology, 667; records in, 408; slowness of changes, 438; excep. tions in, 660.
Geometric reasoning, 458; certainty of, 267.
Giffard's injector, 536
Gilbert, on rotation of earth, 249; magnetism of silver, 431; expe- rimentation, 443.
Gladstone, J. H., 445.
Glaisher, J. W. L., on mathematical tables, 331; law of error, 375,395. Gold, discovery of, 413. Gold-assay process, 434. Gold-leaf, thickness of, 296. Graham, Professor Thomas, chemical affinity, 614; conti- nuity, 616, nature of hydrogen, 691.
Grammar, 39; rules of, 31. Grammatical, change, 119; equi- valence, 120. Gramme, 317.
Graphical method, 492.
Gravesande, on inflection of light, 420.
Gravity, 422, 512, 514, 604, 740;
determination of, 302; elimi- nation of, 427; law of, 458, 462, 474; inconceivability of, 510; Newton's theory, 555; variation of, 565; discovery of law, 581; Faraday on, 589; discontinuity in, 620; Aristotle on, 649; Hooke's experiment, 436. Grimaldi on the spectrum, 584. Grove, Mr. Justice, on ether, 514; electricity, 615.
Guericke, Otto von, 432.
of, 349; experiments on, 444 ; mechanical equivalent of, 568. Heavy glass, 588, 609. Helmholtz, on microscopy, 406; undulations, 414; sound, 476. Hemihedral crystals, 649. Herschel, Sir John, on rotation of plane of polarisation of light, 129, 630; quartz crystals, 246; nu- merical precision, 273; photo- metry, 273; light of stars, 302; actinometer, 337; mean average, 363; eclipses of Jupiter's satellites, 372; law of error, 377; error in observations, 392; on observation, 400; moon's influ- ence on clouds, 410; comets, 411; spectrum analysis, 429; collective instances, 447, principle of forced vibrations, 451, 663; meteoro- logical variations, 489; double stars, 499, 685; direct action, 502; use of theory, 508; ether, 515; experimentum crucis, 519; interference of light, 539; inter- ference of sound, 540; density of earth, 567; residual phenomena, helicoidal dissymmetry,
630; fluorescence, 664. Hindenburg, on analysis, 176.
Hipparchus, used method of repeti- tion, 289; longitudes of stars, 294. Hippocrates, area of lunule, 480. History, science of, 760.
Hobbes, Thomas, definition of cause, 224; definition of time, 307; on hypothesis, 510.
Hofmann, unit called crith, 321; on prediction, 544; on anomalies, 670.
Homogeneity, law of, 159, 327. Hooke, on gravitation, 436, 581; philosophical method, 507; on strange things, 671.
Hopkinson, John, 194; method of interpolation, 497.
Horrocks, use of mean, 358; use of hypothesis, 507. Hume on perception, 34. Hutton, density of earth, 566. Huxley, Professor Thomas, 764; on hypothesis, 509; classification, 676; mammalia, 682; palæon- tology, 682.
Huyghens, theory of pendulum, 302;
pendulum standard, 315; cycloidal pendulum, 341; differential me- thod, 344; distant stars, 405; use of hypothesis, 508; philosophical method of, 585; on analogy, 639. Hybrids, 727.
Hydrogen, expansion of, 471; re- fractive power, 527; metallic nature of, 691. Hygrometry, 563.
Hypotheses, use of, 265, 504; sub- stitution of simple hypotheses, 458; working hypotheses, 509: requisites of, 510; descriptive, 522, 686; representative, 524; probability of, 559.
IDENTICAL propositions, 119. Identities, simple, 37; partial, 40; limited, 42; simple and partial, 111; inference from, 51, 55. Identity, law of, 5, 6, 74; expres- sion of, 14; propagating power, 20; reciprocal, 46.
Illicit process, of major term, 65, 103; of minor term, 65. Immediate inference, 50, 61. Imperfect induction, 146, 149. Inclusion, relation of, 40. Incommensurable quantities, 275. Incompossible events, 205. Independence of small effects, 475. Independent events, 204. Indestructibility of matter, 465. Indexes, classification by, 714; formation of, 717.
India-rubber, properties of, 545. Indirect method of deduction, 49, 81; illustrations of, 98; fallacies analysed by, 102; the test of equivalence, 115.
Induction, 11, 121; symbolic state- ment of, 131; perfect, 146; im- perfect, 149; philosophy of, 218; grounds of, 228; illustrations of, 229; quantitative, 483; problem of two classes, 134; problem of three classes, 137.
Inductive truths, classes of, 219. Inequalities, reasoning by, 47, 163, 165-166.
Inference, 9; general formula of, 17; immediate, 50; with two simple identities, 51; from simple and partial identity, 53;
with partial identities, 55; by sum of predicates, 61; by dis- junctive propositions, 76; indi- rect method of, 81; nature of, 118; principle of mathematical, 162; certainty of, 236. Infima species, 701, 702. Infiniceness of universe, 738. Inflection of light, 420.
Instantiæ, citantes, evocantes, radii, curriculi, 270; monodicæ, irregu- lares, heteroclitæ, 608; clandes- tinæ, 610.
Instruments of measurement, 284. Insufficient enumeration, 176. Integration, 123.
Intellect, etymology of, 5. Intension of logical terms, 26, 48; of propositions, 47. Interchangeable system, 20. Interpolation, 495; in meteorology, 497.
Inverse, process, 12; operation, 122, 689; problem of two classes, 134; problem of three classes, 137; problem of probability, 240, 251; rules of inverse method, 257; simple illustrations, 253; general solution, 255.
Iodine, the substance X, 523. Iron, properties of, 528, 670. Is, ambiguity of verb, 16, 41. Isomorphism, 662. Ivory, 375.
JAMES, Sir H., on density of earth, 567.
Jenkin, Professor Fleming, 328. Jevons, W. S., on use of mean, 361; on pedesis or molecular move- ment of microscopio particles, 406, 549; cirrous clouds. 411; spec- trum analysis, 429; elevated rain-gauges, 430; experiments on clouds, 447; on muscular exertion, 490; resisting medium, 570; anticipations of the electric telegraph, 671.
Jones, Dr. Bence, Life of Faraday, 578.
Jordanus, on the mean, 360. Joule, 545; on thermopile, 299, 300; mechanical equivalent of heat, 325, 347, 568; temperature of air, 343; rarefaction, 444; on Thomson's prediction, 543;
molecular theory of gases, 548; friction, 549; thermal pheno- mena of fluids, 557.
Jupiter, satellites of, 372, 458, 638, 656; long inequality of, 455; figure of, 556.
KAMES, Lord, on bifurcate classifi- cation, 697.
Kant, disjunctive propositions, 69; analogy, 597; doctrine of space, 769.
Kater's pendulum, 316.
Keill, law of emanating forces, 464; axiom of simplicity, 625. Kepler, on star-discs, 390; comets, 408; laws of, 456; refraction, 501; character of, 578. Kinds of things, 718.
King Charles and the Royal Society, 647.
Kirchhoff, on lines of spectrum, 245. Kohlrausch, rules of approximate calculation, 479.
LAGRANGE, formula for interpola- tion, 497; accidental discovery, 531; union of algebra and geo- metry, 633. Lambert, 15. Lamont, 452.
Language, 8, 628, 643. Laplace, on probability, 200, 216; principles of inverse method, 242; solution of inverse problem, 256; planetary motions, 249, 250; conjunctions of planets, 293; observation of tides, 372; at- mospheric tides, 367; law of errors, 378; dark stars, 404; his hyperbolic comets, 407; works on probability, 395; ve- locity of gravity, 435; stability of planetary system, 448, 746; form of Jupiter, 556; corpuscular theory, 521; ellipticity of earth, 565; velocity of sound, 571; analogy, 597; law of gravity, 615; inhabitants of planets, 640; laws of motion, 706; power of science, 739.
Lavoisier, mistaken inference of, 238; pyrometer, 287; on experi- ments, 423; prediction of, 544; theory, 611; on acids, 667. Law, 3; of simplicity, 33, 72, 161;
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