Imágenes de páginas
PDF
EPUB
[blocks in formation]

De Morgan, Augustus, negative
terms, 14; Aristotle's logic, 18;
relatives, 23; logical universe,
43; complex propositions, 75;
contraposition, 83; formal logic
quoted, 101; error of his system,
117; anagram of his name, 128;
numerically definite reasoning,
168-172; probability, 198; belief,
199; experiments in probability,
207; probable deductive argu
ments, 209-210; trisection of
angle, 233; probability of infer-
ence, 259; arcual unit, 306;
mathematical tables, 331; per-
sonal error, 348; average, 363;
his works on probability, 394-
395; apparent sequence, 409:
sub-equality, 480; rule of ap-
proximation, 481; negative areas,
529; generalisation, 600; double
algebra, 634; bibliography, 716;
catalogues, 716; extensions of
algebra, 758.

Density, unit of, 316; of earth,
387; negative, 642.
Descartes, vortices, 517; geometry,
632.

Description, 62.
Design, 762-763.
Determinants, inference by, 50.
Development, logical, 89, 97.
Diagnosis, 708.
Dichotomy, 703.

Difference, 44; law of, 5; sign of,

17; representation of, 45; infer-
ence with, 52, 166; form of, 158.
Differences of numbers, 185.
Differential calculus, 477.
Differential thermometer, 345.
Diffraction of light, 420.
Dimensions, theory of, 325.
Dip-needle, observation of, 355.
Direct deduction, 49.
Direction of motion, 47.
Discontinuity, 620.

Discordance, of theory and experi-
ment, 558; of theories, 587.

Discoveries, accidental, 529; pre-
dicted, 536; scope for, 752,
Discrimination, 24; power of, 4.
Disjunctive, terms, 66; conjunction,
67; propositions, 66; syllogism,
77; argument, 106.
Dissipation of energy, 310.
Distance of statements, 144.
Divergence from average, 188.
Diversity, 156.

Divine interference, 765.
Dollond, achromatic lenses, 608.
Donkin, Professor, 375; on proba-
bility, 199, 216; principle of
inverse method, 244.

Double refraction, 426.
Dove's law of winds, 534.
Draper's law, 606.

Drobitsch, 15.

[blocks in formation]

Ellicott, observation on clocks, 455.
Ellipsis, 41; of terms, 57.
Elliptic variation, 474.
Ellipticity of earth, 565.

Ellis, A. J., contributions to formal
logic, 172.

Ellie, Leslie, 23, 375.

Ellis, W., on moon's influence, 410.
Emanation, law of, 463.
Emotions, 732.

Empirical, knowledge, 505, 525-

526; measurement, 552.
Encke, on mean, 386, 389; his

comet, 570, 605; on resisting

[blocks in formation]

Error, function, 330, 376, 381;
elimination of, 339, 353; per-
sonal, 347; law of, 374; origin
of law, 383; verification of law,
383; probable, 386; mean, 387;
constant, 396; variation of small
errors, 479.

Ether, luminiferous, 512, 514, 605.
Euclid, axioms, 51, 163; indirect
proof, 84; 10th book, 117th
proposition, 275; on analogy,
631.

Euler, on certainty of inference,
238; corpuscular theory, 435;
gravity, 463; on ether, 514.
Everett, Professor, unit of angle,
306; metric system, 328.
Evolution, theory of, 761.
Exact science, 456.
Exceptions, 132, 644, 728; classifi-
cation of, 645; imaginary, 647;
apparent, 649; singular, 652;
divergent, 655; accidental, 658;
novel, 661; limiting, 663; real,
666; unclassed, 668.
Excluded middle, law of, 6.
Exclusive alternatives, 68.
Exhaustive investigation, 418.
Expansion, of bodies, 478; of
liquids, 488.

Experiment, 400, 416; in proba-
bility, 208; test or blind, 433;
negative results of, 434; limits
of, 437; collective, 445; sim-
plification of, 422; failure in
simplification, 424.
Experimentalist, character of, 574,
592.

Experimentum crucis, 518, 667.
Explanation, 532.

Extent of meaning, 26; of terms,

48.

Extrapolation, 495.

FACTORIALS, 179.

Facts, importance of false, 414,
conformity with, 516.

Fallacies, 62; analysed by indirect

method, 102; of observation, 408,
Faraday, Michael, measurement of
gold-leaf, 296; on gravity, 342,
589; magnetism of gases, 352;
vibrating plate, 419; electric
poles, 421; circularly polarised
light, 424, 588, 630; freezing
mixtures, 427; magnetic experi-
ments, 431, 434; lines of mag-
netic force, 446, 580; errors of
experiment, 465; electrolysis,
502; velocity of light, 520; pre-
diction, 543; relations of phy-
sical forces, 547; character of,
578, 587; ray vibrations, 579;
mathematical power, 580; philo
sophic reservation of opinion,
592; use of heavy glass, 609;
electricity, 612; radiant matter,
642; hydrogen, 691.
Fatality, belief in, 264.
Ferio, 56.

Figurate numbers, 183, 186.
Figure of earth, 459, 565.
Fizeau, use of Newton's rings, 297,
582; fixity of properties, 313;
velocity of light, 441, 561.
Flamsteed, use of wells,

294;

standard stars, 301; parallax of
pole-star, 338; selection of obser-
vations, 358; astronomical in-
struments, 391; solar eclipses,
486.

Fluorescence, 664.

Fontenelle on the senses, 405
Forbes, J. D., 248

Force, unit of, 322, 326; ema-
nating, 464; representation of,
633.

Formula, empirical, 487; rational,
489.

Fortia, Traité des Progressions, 183.
Fortuitous coincidences, 261.
Fossils, 661.

Foster, G. C., on classification, 691.
Foucault, rotating mirror, 299; pen-

[blocks in formation]

GALILEO, 626; on cycloid, 232,
235; differential method of obser-
vation, 344; projectiles, 447,
466; use of telescope, 522;
gravity, 604; principle of con-
tinuity, 617.

Gallon, definition of, 318.
Galton, Francis, divergence from

mean, 188; works by, 188, 655;
on hereditary genius, 385, 655.
Galvanometer, 351.
Ganières, de, 182.

Gases, 613; properties of, 601, 602;
perfect, 470; liquefiable, 665,
Gauss, pendulum experiments, 316;
law of error, 375-6; detection of
error, 396; on gravity, 463.
Gay Lussac, on boiling point, 659;
law of, 669.

Genealogical classification, 680, 719.
General, terms, 29; truths, 647;
notions, 673.

Generalisation, 2, 594, 704; mathe-

matical, 168; two meanings of,
597; value of, 599; hasty, 623.
Genius, nature of, 575.

Genus, 433, 698; generalissimum,
701; natural, 724.
Geology, 667; records in, 408;
slowness of changes, 438; excep.
tions in, 660.

Geometric mean, 361.

Geometric reasoning, 458; certainty
of, 267.

Giffard's injector, 536

Gilbert, on rotation of earth, 249;
magnetism of silver, 431; expe-
rimentation, 443.

Gladstone, J. H., 445.

Glaisher, J. W. L., on mathematical
tables, 331; law of error, 375,395.
Gold, discovery of, 413.
Gold-assay process, 434.
Gold-leaf, thickness of, 296.
Graham, Professor Thomas,
chemical affinity, 614; conti-
nuity, 616, nature of hydrogen,
691.

on

Grammar, 39; rules of, 31.
Grammatical, change, 119; equi-
valence, 120.
Gramme, 317.

Graphical method, 492.

Gravesande, on inflection of light,
420.

Gravity, 422, 512, 514, 604, 740;

determination of, 302; elimi-
nation of, 427; law of, 458, 462,
474; inconceivability of, 510;
Newton's theory, 555; variation
of, 565; discovery of law, 581;
Faraday on, 589; discontinuity
in, 620; Aristotle on, 649;
Hooke's experiment, 436.
Grimaldi on the spectrum, 584.
Grove, Mr. Justice, on ether, 514;
electricity, 615.

Guericke, Otto von, 432.

[blocks in formation]

and

of, 349; experiments on, 444 ;
mechanical equivalent of, 568.
Heavy glass, 588, 609.
Helmholtz, on microscopy, 406;
undulations, 414; sound, 476.
Hemihedral crystals, 649.
Herschel, Sir John, on rotation of
plane of polarisation of light, 129,
630; quartz crystals, 246; nu-
merical precision, 273; photo-
metry, 273; light of stars, 302;
actinometer, 337; mean
average, 363; eclipses of Jupiter's
satellites, 372; law of error, 377;
error in observations, 392; on
observation, 400; moon's influ-
ence on clouds, 410; comets, 411;
spectrum analysis, 429; collective
instances, 447, principle of forced
vibrations, 451, 663; meteoro-
logical variations, 489; double
stars, 499, 685; direct action,
502; use of theory, 508; ether,
515; experimentum crucis, 519;
interference of light, 539; inter-
ference of sound, 540; density of
earth, 567; residual phenomena,
helicoidal dissymmetry,

569;

combinatorial

630; fluorescence, 664.
Hindenburg, on
analysis, 176.

Hipparchus, used method of repeti-
tion, 289; longitudes of stars, 294.
Hippocrates, area of lunule, 480.
History, science of, 760.

Hobbes, Thomas, definition of cause,
224; definition of time, 307; on
hypothesis, 510.

Hofmann, unit called crith, 321;
on prediction, 544; on anomalies,
670.

Homogeneity, law of, 159, 327.
Hooke, on gravitation, 436, 581;
philosophical method, 507; on
strange things, 671.

Hopkinson, John, 194; method of
interpolation, 497.

Horrocks, use of mean, 358; use
of hypothesis, 507.
Hume on perception, 34.
Hutton, density of earth, 566.
Huxley, Professor Thomas, 764;
on hypothesis, 509; classification,
676; mammalia, 682; palæon-
tology, 682.

Huyghens, theory of pendulum, 302;

pendulum standard, 315; cycloidal
pendulum, 341; differential me-
thod, 344; distant stars, 405; use
of hypothesis, 508; philosophical
method of, 585; on analogy,
639.
Hybrids, 727.

Hydrogen, expansion of, 471; re-
fractive power, 527; metallic
nature of, 691.
Hygrometry, 563.

Hypotheses, use of, 265, 504; sub-
stitution of simple hypotheses,
458; working hypotheses, 509:
requisites of, 510; descriptive,
522, 686; representative, 524;
probability of, 559.

IDENTICAL propositions, 119.
Identities, simple, 37; partial, 40;
limited, 42; simple and partial,
111; inference from, 51, 55.
Identity, law of, 5, 6, 74; expres-
sion of, 14; propagating power,
20; reciprocal, 46.

Illicit process, of major term, 65,
103; of minor term, 65.
Immediate inference, 50, 61.
Imperfect induction, 146, 149.
Inclusion, relation of, 40.
Incommensurable quantities, 275.
Incompossible events, 205.
Independence of small effects, 475.
Independent events, 204.
Indestructibility of matter, 465.
Indexes, classification by, 714;
formation of, 717.

India-rubber, properties of, 545.
Indirect method of deduction, 49,
81; illustrations of, 98; fallacies
analysed by, 102; the test of
equivalence, 115.

Induction, 11, 121; symbolic state-
ment of, 131; perfect, 146; im-
perfect, 149; philosophy of, 218;
grounds of, 228; illustrations of,
229; quantitative, 483; problem
of two classes, 134; problem of
three classes, 137.

Inductive truths, classes of, 219.
Inequalities, reasoning by, 47, 163,
165-166.

Inference, 9; general formula of,
17; immediate, 50; with two
simple identities, 51; from
simple and partial identity, 53;

INDEX.

with partial identities, 55; by
sum of predicates, 61; by dis-
junctive propositions, 76; indi-
rect method of, 81; nature of,
118; principle of mathematical,
162; certainty of, 236.
Infima species, 701, 702.
Infiniceness of universe, 738.
Inflection of light, 420.

Instantiæ, citantes, evocantes, radii,
curriculi, 270; monodicæ, irregu-
lares, heteroclitæ, 608; clandes-
tinæ, 610.

Instruments of measurement, 284.
Insufficient enumeration, 176.
Integration, 123.

Intellect, etymology of, 5.
Intension of logical terms, 26, 48;
of propositions, 47.
Interchangeable system, 20.
Interpolation, 495; in meteorology,
497.

Inverse, process, 12; operation, 122,
689; problem of two classes, 134;
problem of three classes, 137;
problem of probability, 240, 251;
rules of inverse method, 257;
simple illustrations, 253; general
solution, 255.

Iodine, the substance X, 523.
Iron, properties of, 528, 670.
Is, ambiguity of verb, 16, 41.
Isomorphism, 662.
Ivory, 375.

JAMES, Sir H., on density of earth,
567.

Jenkin, Professor Fleming, 328.
Jevons, W. S., on use of mean, 361;
on pedesis or molecular move-
ment of microscopio particles, 406,
549; cirrous clouds. 411; spec-
trum analysis, 429; elevated
rain-gauges, 430; experiments
on clouds, 447; on muscular
exertion, 490; resisting medium,
570; anticipations of the electric
telegraph, 671.

Jones, Dr. Bence, Life of Faraday,
578.

Jordanus, on the mean, 360.
Joule, 545; on thermopile, 299,
300; mechanical equivalent of
heat, 325, 347, 568; temperature
of air, 343; rarefaction, 444;
on Thomson's prediction, 543;

779

molecular theory of gases, 548;
friction, 549; thermal pheno-
mena of fluids, 557.

Jupiter, satellites of, 372, 458, 638,
656; long inequality of, 455;
figure of, 556.

KAMES, Lord, on bifurcate classifi-
cation, 697.

Kant, disjunctive propositions, 69;
analogy, 597; doctrine of space,
769.

Kater's pendulum, 316.

Keill, law of emanating forces, 464;
axiom of simplicity, 625.
Kepler, on star-discs, 390; comets,
408; laws of, 456; refraction,
501; character of, 578.
Kinds of things, 718.

King Charles and the Royal Society,
647.

Kirchhoff, on lines of spectrum, 245.
Kohlrausch, rules of approximate
calculation, 479.

LAGRANGE, formula for interpola-
tion, 497; accidental discovery,
531; union of algebra and geo-
metry, 633.
Lambert, 15.
Lamont, 452.

Language, 8, 628, 643.
Laplace, on probability, 200, 216;
principles of inverse method, 242;
solution of inverse problem, 256;
planetary motions, 249, 250;
conjunctions of planets, 293;
observation of tides, 372; at-
mospheric tides, 367; law of
errors, 378; dark stars, 404;
his
hyperbolic comets, 407;
works on probability, 395; ve-
locity of gravity, 435; stability
of planetary system, 448, 746;
form of Jupiter, 556; corpuscular
theory, 521; ellipticity of earth,
565; velocity of sound, 571;
analogy, 597; law of gravity,
615; inhabitants of planets, 640;
laws of motion, 706; power of
science, 739.

Lavoisier, mistaken inference of,
238; pyrometer, 287; on experi-
ments, 423; prediction of, 544;
theory, 611; on acids, 667.
Law, 3; of simplicity, 33, 72, 161;

« AnteriorContinuar »