tician, who held chairs at Johns Hopkins and Oxford Universities. 715. 636. Cambridge. The study of mathematics has long been an important part of the curriculum at Cambridge University. 662. Mr. Darwin's famous proposition. The proposition occurs in Part IV, chapter 21, of The Descent of Man, and is really a summing up of the whole book. 716. 741. A Sandemanian. A member of the religious sect founded in Scotland by Robert Sandeman, about 1725. 718. 952. A school report. Arnold was for many years a government inspector of schools. 719. 1005. Letters will call out, etc. In this sentence Arnold sums up his entire argument. HUXLEY IMPROVING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE 720. This essay was delivered as a lecture in London, January 7, 1866, and is included in Volume I, Methods and Results, of Huxley's collected works. 721. 89. Laud. William Laud (1573-1645), Archbishop of Canterbury. He was the head of the established English Church, and a violent enemy of the anti-Stuart parties, who accomplished his execution in 1645. The Earl of Rochester and Sir Charles Sedley were court wits and poets in the time of Charles II. 722. 187. Principia. Sir Isaac Newton (16421727) published the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, setting forth his theories about gravitation, in 1689. 208. Inquisitorial cardinals. Galileo (15641642) was persecuted by the Inquisition because of his acceptance of Copernicus's theories concerning the solar system. 214. Vesalius and Harvey. Vesalius was a Belgian anatomist of the 16th century; William Harvey (1578-1657) was English physician who published in 1628 a treatise De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in which he set forth the theory of the circulation of the blood. an 239. Writ in water. Keats suggested as his epitaph: "Here lies one whose name was writ in water." 723. 266. Revenant. Ghost. 309. Boyle, ... Evelyn. Robert Boyle (1627-1691), an English chemist; and John Evelyn (1620-1706), the diarist. 726. 653. Count Rumford. Benjamin Thompson (1753-1814), a scientist of international reputation. NEWMAN THE IDEA OF A UNIVERSITY 728. 33. On an occasion like this. The Discourses on University Subjects were delivered in 1852 before the Catholics of Dublin. 731. 361. "The world is all before it." An adaptation of Paradise Lost, xii: 646-7: "The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest, and Providence their guide." 375. The judgment-stricken king. Pentheus, in Euripides's Baccha, in his madness sees two suns. 732. 446. St. Thomas. Thomas Aquinas (1227?-1274), canonized in 1323; one of the greatest of the scholastic philosophers. 733. 524. Pompey's Pillar. A column erected at Alexandria in honor of Diocletian. 734. 627 ff. τετράγωνος. Nil Four square. admirari. To wonder at nothing. Felix qui, etc. Happy is he who has come to know the relationships of things, and has placed beneath his feet all fear, and inexorable fate, and the roar of greedy Acheron. Virgil's Georgics, ii. 490 ff. 735. 704. The learning of a Salmasius or a Burman. Claude Saumaise (1588-1653) was a French classical scholar. Pieter Burmann the Elder (1688-1741) and his nephew Pieter Burmann the younger (1714-1778) were both Dutch scholars. 706. Imperat aut servit. It is either master or servant. 710. Vis consili, etc. Brute force without intelligence falls by its own weight. 712. Tarpeia. A woman of Roman legend, crushed to death by the shields of Sabine warriors, when she asked for what they wore on their arms (bracelets) as a reward for betraying Rome. 738. 1031. Genius loci. Genius of the place. 739. 1153. The exiled prince. See As You Like It, II. i. 16. 1156. The poor boy in the poem. "Crabbe's Tales of the Hall. This poem, let me say, I read on its first publication, above thirty years ago, with extreme delight, and have never lost my love of it; and on taking it up lately, found I was even more touched by it than heretofore." (Newman's note.) APOLOGIA PRO VITA SUA Early editions of the Apologia contained the correspondence between Newman and Charles Kingsley, author of Westward Ho! The correspondence as a whole, and Newman's summary which is here reprinted, had been given to the public by Newman before the Apologia was published; they were omitted from later editions of the Apologia. ROSSETTI THE BLESSED DAMOZEL 740. The pictorial quality of this poem is characteristic of the work of Rossetti, famous as painter as well as poet; his painting of the same name corresponds exactly to the poem. SISTER HELEN 741. Founded on the old superstition that a woman deserted by her lover, could obtain the power of life and death over his body by making a waxen image of him, and laying it in the heat of the fire; as the wax melted the man's life ebbed away. There are three speakers, -the wronged woman, her small brother, who does not understand what is going on, and a spectator, whose comments, slightly varied from verse to verse, keep pace with the progress of the story. THE EARTHLY PARADISE: AN APOLOGY 746. The Earthly Paradise is a collection of twenty-four tales in verse, commonly considered the best body of narrative verse that has been given to English poetry since Chaucer's time. In the Prologue Morris tells how "certain gentlemen and mariners of Norway, having considered all that they had heard of the Earthly Paradise, set sail to find it, and after many troubles and the lapse of many years came old men to some Western land, of which they had never before heard"; the inhabitants of this land are of Greek descent. For the entertainment of the wanderers, the dwellers in the western land give semi-monthly feasts, at each of which a story is told. The duty of telling a story alternates between the two peoples; half the tales are, accordingly, from the Greek mythology, half of Scandinavian or Romance origin. 25. The ivory gate. The house of Morpheus, god of sleep, had two gates, through which dreams issued: if true, the dream passed through a gate of horn; if false, through one of ivory. PROLOGUE 746. 747. 15. Bills of lading. Chaucer was for a time a clerk of the customs. 7. Below bridge. Navigation stopped at London Bridge. ATALANTA'S RACE 748. 63. Fleet-foot One. Ordinarily the epithet would indicate Hermes; in this connection it may mean Artemis. 750. 177. Saffron gown. Saffron was the color used at marriages by the Greeks and Romans; cf. L'Allegro: "There let Hymen oft appear In saffron robe, with taper clear." 184. Sea-born one. Venus. 751. 208. Adonis' bane. The wild boar. 752. 275. Three-formed goddess. Artemis, or Diana, so called because she was worshipped as Diana on earth, as Luna in heaven, as Hecate in hell. 279. Her. Diana. 282. Sea-born framer. See note on l. 184. 755. 516. Damascus. Astarte, the Phoenician goddess of love, was identified with Venus. 756. 535. Saturn's clime. Saturn ruled the world before his place was usurped by Zeus, or Jupiter; Saturn's reign was identified with the golden age, a time of peace, plenty, and happiness. 758. 663. Mighty Lord. Zeus. 664. Her. Venus. PATER STYLE 760. 22. Efforts to limit art a priori. By argument from hypotheses concerning material, etc. 92. Absence or presence of metrical beauty. Wordsworth's views are expressed in the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads. 761. 96. Dichotomy. A division into two classes. 109. I propose here to point out. Pater here states the purpose of the essay. He is to discuss not prose or poetry, but both, finding in both certain identical characteristics, the qualities of "literature as a fine art." 165. Livy, Tacitus, Michelet. Jules Michelet (1798-1874), like the two Romans, was a historian. 762. 253. At this point Pater notes: "Mr. Saintsbury, in his Specimens of English Prose, from Malory to Macaulay, has succeeded in tracing, through successive English prose-writers, the tradition of that severer beauty in them, of which this admirable scholar of our literature is known to be a lover. English Prose, from Mandeville to Thackeray more re cently chosen and edited by a younger 763. 338. Le cuistre. The academic pedant. 358. Well! Pater is fond of this interjectional use of well. It suggests the French eh bien! 364. Dictionary other than Johnson's. Johnson's Dictionary, though comparatively slight in extent, contains few words to which exception may be taken on the score of utility, and is equipped with illustrative quotations which make it still valuable. 764. 417. "Its" which ought to have been in Shakespeare. Shakespeare uses 'his," in conformity with regular Elizabethan usage, for the neuter possessive. 453. Ascêsis. The Greek word from which the English ascetic and asceticism are derived. 765. 540. Michelangelo. For a discussion of one phase of the work of this great Italian artist, see Pater's essay in The Renais sance. 609. Dean Mansel. Henry L. Mansel (1820-1871), Dean of St. Paul's from 1868 to his death. 767. 769. Swedenborg. Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772), founder of the New Church, or Swedenborgians. The Tracts for the Times were written and published by John Henry Newman and his associates in the so-called "Oxford Movement," during the years 1833-1841. The last of the tracts, No. 90, was condemned by the University because of its Romanism. 768. 952. Blake's rapturous design. One of the illustrations made by Blake for Blair's Grave represents "Soul and Body Reunited." 769. 1057. Buffon. Le Comte de Buffon (1707-1788), a famous French naturalist. briand (1768-1848) and Victor Hugo (1802-1885) were both significant in the development of French romanticism. 773. 173. Reynolds or Gainsborough. The two greatest English portrait painters: Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792), and Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788).. 211 ff. The first three quotations are from The Prelude; the fourth is from The Pet Lamb. 775. 411. A selection of language really used by men. See the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, p. 389. 776. 452. George Sand. Her most famous novel, La Petite Fadette, is known in English translation as Fanchon the Cricket. The author's real name was Mme. Amandine Dudevant. Meinhold 457. Meinhold. Johannes (1797-1851) was a little-known novelist whom Pater considered significant in the history of German romanticism. 777. 588. Ánima mundi. Soul of the universe. 778. 703. The Ode... had its anticipator. See Henry Vaughan's The Retreat, p. 123. 779. 747. Grandet, Javert. Characters in Balzac's Eugenie Grandet and Victor Hugo's Les Misérables, respectively. 785. Antique Rachel. In Dante's Purgatorio, xxvii, Rachel is a type of the contemplative life. 797. One who had meditated. STEVENSON ES TRIPLEX Lord 780. 24. Dule tree. A tree used as a gallows. 781. 104. The blue-peter. A blue flag indicating that a ship was about to sail. 141. The valley at Balaclava. The scene of the famous charge of the "Light Brigade" in the Crimean War. 145. Curtius. A hero of Roman legend who leaped into a chasm in the Forum, and sacrificed his life that the gulf might be closed. 159. Caligula. The third emperor of Rome, who proclaimed himself a god. 782. 187. The sheet. The rope by which the position of a sail is controlled. If it be tied, or made fast," a sudden gust of wind may upset a small boat before the sailor has an opportunity to loosen the sheet. 66 206. Omar Khayyám . . . Walt Whitman. Omar Khayyam was a Persian poet who died c. 1123. Walt Whitman, an American poet famous for his wholesale violations of the conventions of poetry, died in 1892. 214. The same stuff with dreams. Shakespeare's Tempest, IV. i. 156: "We are such stuff See As dreams are made on, and our little life 783. 303. As the French say. A cul-de-sac. 783. 312. A Bath-chair. An invalid's chair, 327. Bound with triple brass. The title 784. 416. The last paragraph might almost have been written by Stevenson as prophetic of the close of his own life. |