localities of collecting authentic information. The latter difficulty is caused not so much by the unwillingness of parties to give what information they possess as from apathy on the subject; and I have found the most trouble in gaining information from those places that were lagging in the back ground—the inhabitants appearing to view me as one who had come to spy the nakedness of the land;" and being unwilling to have themselves and their neighbourhoods dragged before the public. And in all such instances there appeared to be a great want of spirit and enterprise amongst them. In all those places, on the contrary, where the inhabitants were industrious, enterprising, and desirous of seeing their particular locality prosper, I have had no difficulty in arriving at any information I required. From those government and district officers, to whom I have found it necessary, in the course of my inquiries, to apply for information, I have invariably received all the assistance in their power, (with two or three exceptions only; one of these refused me the information I required, on the ground that "he was not obliged to give information to every one who asked for it." On mentioning his conduct to some of his townsmen, the reply I received was, 66 'you should have shown him a shilling, and he would have given you the information fast enough." Another had the conscience to refuse me a list of the qualified magistrates in his district, unless I paid him a quarter of a dollar for each name! (153 in number); and I was consequently obliged to procure the list from the Secretary's Office, at Montreal,) and I take this opportunity of returning to them my best thanks for their kindness and courtesy.

In collecting together such a mass of information, extending over so great a surface of country, (and which information it was also necessary to condense as much as possible), it is not unlikely that some few inaccuracies may have crept in; but I believe the work will be generally allowed to be as correct as it was possible for a work of the kind to be made. Some two or three places of small consequence have been necessarily omitted, as Merrickville, on the Rideau Canal, which I passed through in the night; and Bath, on the St. Lawrence, which, on account of the badness of the weather, I was unable to visit. I wrote to the postmaster of the latter place, (as the most public man in a village), requesting him to favour me with the statistics of the village; but he had not the politeness to answer my letter.

In the prosecution of my object, I have spared neither trouble, expense, nor personal fatigue; and, in the course of my travels, I have walked over more than three thousand miles of ground, through both the heats of summer and the snows of winter; and having completed my labours, like a mariner starting on a voyage of discovery, I launch my bark upon the waters, trusting to the winds and waves of public opinion to waft it safely into port,-(put the profits into his pocket, he means.-PRINT. DEV.),—with the confident expectation that my exertions to make the Province better known and appreciated, will be supported as they should be, by all who must necessarily, directly or indirectly, benefit by my researches.

THE AUTHOR.

CALIFORNIA

CANADIAN GAZETTEER.

ADDINGTON.

A County in the Midland District: comprises the townships of Amherst Island, Camden, Ernestown, Kaladar, Sheffield, and Anglesea. For the purposes of representation in the House of Assembly, it is united to the county of Lennox.

ADELAIDE.

A Township in the London District: is bounded on the east by the township of Lobo; on the south-east by Carradoc and Ekfrid; on the north by Williams; and on the west by Warwick and Brooke. In Adelaide 32,272 acres are taken up, 4,025 of which are under cultivation. The east branch of Bear Creek runs along the east and south-east border of the township, and the River Aux Sables touches its northern boundary. Adelaide contains excellent land, and some good farms. The villages of Adelaide and Katesville are situated in the township, and there are one grist and two saw-mills in the township. Four hundred and fifty acres of crown lands are open for sale in Adelaide, at 8s. c'y per acre. Population in 1842, 1234.

Ratable property in the township, £15,283.

ADJALA.

A Township in the Simcoe District: is bounded on the north by the township of Tossorontio; on the west by Mono; on the south by Albion; and on the east by Tecumseth. In Adjala 20,793 acres are taken up, 2929 of which are under cultivation. There is a swamp extending across the township, south of its centre, on both the north and south of which there is some excellent land, level, with good hard timber. There are some good farms in the township. This, and Tossorontio which joins it, are long, narrow townships. On the town line, between Adjala and Mono, the land is hilly and sandy. There are lime-stone quarries on the line. There are 4,000 acres of crown lands for disposal in Adjala, at 8s. c'y per acre, to purchase which application must be made to the Crown Lands Agent at Barrie. There are two saw mills in the township. Population in 1842 (since when no census has been taken), 890. Ratable property in the township, £8,948.

ADMASTON.

A Township in the Bathurst District: is bounded on the north-east by the township of Horton, on the north-west by Bromley; on the west by unsurveyed lands; and on the south-east by Bagot and Blithefield. In Admaston 11,206 acres are taken up, 679 of which are under cultivation. This township, which was originally called Kenmare, is but little settled. The River Bonne Chaur runs across the centre of the township, and there are several large lakes scattered over it. Seventy-four thousand six hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Admaston, at 8s. c'y per acre. There is one saw-mill in the township. Population not yet returned.

Ratable property in the township, £3,534.

ADOLPHUSTOWN.

A Township in the Midland District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Fredericksburgh; and on the west and south-west by the Bay of Quinte, In Aoophustown 11,343 acres are taken up, 6,662 of which are under cultivation. A portion of the Bay of Quintè divides the township into two. There is a small settlement in the south of the township, on the bay, where is a court-house, for holding township meetings, and an Episcopal church. In the centre of the township are a Quaker meeting-house, and a Methodist chapel. There are some good farms in the township, and four saw-mills.

Population, 671.

Ratable property in the township, £16,102.

ADOLPHUSTOWN.

A small Village in the township of Adolphustown, situated on the Bay of Quintè; contains about 100 inhabitants.

ALDBOROUGH.

A Township in the London District: is bounded on the north-east by the township of Dunwich; on the north-west by the River Thames; on the southwest by Orford; and on the south-east by Lake Erie. In Aldborough 15,593 acres are taken up, 3,519 of which are under cultivation. The south of the township contains some good land, but the north is very hilly and broken. There are many wet patches in it, and much of the timber is swamp elm, Most of the settlers are poor: they are principally Highland Scotch. A road called "Furnival's Road," is cut out through the township, from Lake Erie to the River Thames, which it reaches about half a mile below Wardsville, There are four saw-mills in the township.

Population in 1842, 737.

Ratable property in the township, £9,853.

ALBION.

A Township in the Home District: is bounded on the east by the townships of King and Vaughan; on the north by Adjala and Tecumseth; on the south-west by Caledon and Chinguacousy; and on the south-east by the Gore of Toronto. In Albion 41,829 acres are taken up, 10,000 of which are under cultivation. The north and north-east of the township are hilly and broken, with a great deal of pine land; in the south of the township the land is better, and there are some good farms. There are four grist and two saw mills, and two distilleries in the township.

Population of Albion in 1842, 2,154.

Ratable property in the township, £26,279,

ALFRED.

A Township in the Ottawa District: is bounded on the south-east by the townships of Longueil and Caledonia; on the north by the Ottawa, and on the south-west by Plantagenet. In Alfred 6,320 acres are taken up, 682 of which are under cultivation. This is a triangular-shaped township, which is but little settled. There is one saw-mill in the township. Ten thousand eight hundred and sixty-five acres of crown lands are open for sale in Alfred, at 8s. c'y per

acre.

Population, 220.

Ratable property in the township, £3,069.

ALNWICK.

A Township in the Newcastle District; is bounded on the east by the township of Percy; on the north-west by Rice Lake; and on the south Ly Haldimand.

This is a triangular-shaped township, which as yet contains only an Indian settlement, called Aldersville.

Near Rice Lake, and about fifteen miles north-east from Cobourg, is a settlement of Missisaga Indians, who, previous to the year 1826, were Pagans, wandering in the neighbourhood of Belleville, Kingston and Guananoque; and were known under the name of the Mississagas of the Bay of Quintè. In 1826 & 27, between two and three hundred were settled on Grape Island, in the Bay of Quintè, six miles from Belleville, where they commenced planting, and where schools were established by a Wesleyan Methodist Missionary for their instruction. On this island they resided eleven years, subsisting by agriculture and hunting. Their houses were erected partly by their own labour, and partly at the expense of the Methodist Missionary Society; the number, at length, amounted to twenty-three; besides which, they had a commodious building for religious service and schools, another room for an infant school, a hospital, a smithy, a shoemaker's shop, and a building for joiners' and cabinet work. These however were relinquished, to be sold for their benefit in 1830, when they removed to their present location, which was granted to them by Sir John Colborne. It contains 2,000 acres, which is divided into lots of twenty-five acres each. The village, or street, which is called Aldersville, is about a mile and a half in length; it contains thirty-six houses, six barns, a saw-mill, and a large school-house, in which divine worship is performed; all erected under the direction of the Indian Department, out of the annuity of £642. 10s. to which this band is entitled for the surrender of a vast tract in the rear of the Johnstown and Midland Districts. Of the thirty-six dwelling houses, twenty-two are framed, and the remainder are of square logs, all of commodious size: the barns are framed, of forty by thirty feet in dimensions. These Indians are 233 in' number; each family has at least half its lots of 25 acres cleared; and several have nearly the whole under cultivation. The total quantity cleared is between 360 and 400 acres. Their stock consists of eight yoke of Oxen, two horses, eleven cows, twenty-one heifers and calves, and a number of pigs and poultry. They possess eight ploughs, six harrows, three carts and waggons, and twelve ox-sleighs.

When on Grape Island, a cabinet maker, blacksmith, shoe maker, and occasionally a tailor, were employed by the Methodist society, to instruct these Indians in their several trades. Although it was found difficult to keep the scholars at their work, and considerable losses were sustained in the undertaking, yet the Indians shewed unusual ingenuity, and gained considerable knowledge in those branches, which has been of much use to them since their settlement at Alnwick, where no shops have yet been erected.

For four years past, a school, on the manual labour plan, has been in operation. This system combines elementary instruction with domestic economy. The girls are taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and geography, together with house-keeping, spinning, knitting, needle-work, and the management of a dairy: in the latter department are seven cows. The boys are taught in the same branches as the girls, and in English grammar, and in the business of farming. For this purpose, a model farm of fifty acres in extent is provided. The scholars, twelve in number, are boarded and lodged in the mission family, and clothed at the expense of the Missionary Society. They are all clad in cloth spun by the Indian girls. During four years past, thirty-one girls and fourteen boys have received instruction in this school.

Two hundred and fifty acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the township, at 8s. c'y per acre.

1 ALBERT PORT.

A Village in the township of Ashfield, situated on the Ashfield River at its entrance into Lake Huron, nine miles above Goderich. Albert has one tavern. Population about 40.

1

The government agent for disposing of Crown lands, Mr. J. Hawkins, resides here.

ALLENBURG.

A Village in the township of Thorold, situated on the Welland Canal, 8 miles from St. Catherine's. It possesses a town-hall for public meetings.

Population about 500.

Professions and Trades.-One grist mill, one saw ditto, carding machine and cloth factory, candle factory, pipe factory, four stores, two taverns, one waggon maker, one cabinet maker, one blacksmith and one baker.

AMARANTH.

A Township in the Wellington District: is bounded on the east by the township of Mono; on the north by Melancthon; on the west by Luther; and on the south by Garrafraxa. In Amaranth 2,710 acres are taken up, 351 of which are under cultivation. This township is as yet but little settled. Fifteen thousand and fifty acres of crown lands are open for sale in it, at 8s. c'y per acre. Population in 1841, 105.

Ratable property in the township, £1,295.

AMELIASBURGH.

A Township in the Prince Edward District is bounded on the north and east by the Bay of Quintè; on the west by Weller's Bay (with the exception of the north-west corner, where it joins the township of Murray, and a small portion of the south-east corner, which is bounded by Sophiasburgh); and on the south by Lake Consecon, Consecon Creek, and the township of Hillier. Ameliasburgh contains 40,466 acres, 15,217 of which are under cultivation. Two portions of the bay, which are bordered by marsh, extend for some distance into this township. A creek, also bordered by marsh, runs across the township, north of the centre, from west to east, and a small lake, called Roblin's Lake, is situated about the centre of the township. There is a ferry established across the bay from this township to Belleville. Population in 1841, 2,115, many of whom are of Dutch extraction. There are two grist and three saw-mills in the township. Ratable property in the township, £40,400.

AMHERST ISLAND.

An Island in Lake Ontario, situated opposite the township of Ernestown, so called from the Earl of Amherst; the name originally given it by the French, being "Isle of Tanti." It was originally granted by the Crown to Sir John Johnston, for military services. The upper portion of it has been settled about 70 years, and the remainder about 25 years. The principal part of the island is now owned by the Earl of Mountcashel. The land is generally of very good quality, and the tenants are in comfortable circumstances. The steamboats touch here on their passages to and from Trent and Kingston. Amherst island forms a township of the Midland District; 13,387 acres of land are taken up in the island, 5030 of which are under cultivation. There is a Post Office on the island, and an Episcopal Church. There are also on the island, one physician and surgeon, one store, two taverns, three ship-builders, five tailors, seven shoemakers, five carpenters, twelve weavers, two blacksmiths.

Population, 1104.

Ratable property, £11,185.

AMHERSTBURG.

A garrison Town, in the township of Malden, in the county of Essex: sixteen miles from Sandwich, on the Detroit River. It was commenced in the year 1798, soon after the evacuation of Detroit. The situation is good, but most of the streets are rather narrow. The banks of the river, both above and below the town, but particularly the latter, where the river emerges into Lake