justice standeth afar off: for truth is fallen in the street, and equity cannot enter.

15 Yea, truth faileth; and he that departeth from evil maketh himself a prey: and the LORD saw it, and it displeased him that there was no judgment. 16 And he saw that there was no man, and wondered that there was no intercessor; therefore his or, is accounted mad. Hos. 9. 7. ↑ was evil in his eyes. n Ez. 22. 30. are not yet reformed, nor have we parted with our sins, though they have done us so much mischief; nay, our transgressions are multiplied, they are more numerous and more heinous than they have been formerly; look which way we will, we cannot look off them, all places, all orders and degrees of men, are infected; the sense of our transgression is with us, as David said, My sin is ever before me; it is too plain to be denied or concealed, too bad to be excused or palliated. God is a Witness to them; They are multiplied before thee, in thy sight, under thine eye. We are witnesses against ourselves: As for our iniquities, we know them, though we may have foolishly endeavoured to cover them; nay, they themselves are witnesses, our sins stare us in the face, and testify against us, so many have they been, and so deeply aggravated." (2.) They own the great evil and malignity of sin, of their sin; it is transgressing and lying against the Lord, v. 13. The sins of those that profess themselves God's people, and bear his name, are, upon this account, worse than the sins of others, that in transgressing they lie against the Lord, they falsely accuse hun, they misrepresent and belie him, as if he had dealt hardly and unfairly with them; or, they perfidiously break covenant with him, and falsify their most sacred and solemn engagements to him, that is, lying against him: it is departing away from our God, to whom we are bound as our God, and to whom we ought to cleave with purpose of heart; from him we have departed, as the rebellious subject from his allegiance to his rightful prince, and the adulterous wife from the guide of her youth, and the covenant of her God. (3.) They own that there was a general decay of moral honesty; and it is not strange that those who were false to their God, were unfaithful to one another. They spake oppression, declared openly for that, though it was a revolt from their God, and a revolt from truth, by the sacred bonds of which we should always be tied and held fast. They conceived and uttered words of falsehood; many an ill thing is conceived in the mind, yet is prudently stifled there, and not suffered to go any further; but these sinners were so impudent, so daring, that whatever wickedness they conceived, they gave it an imprimatur-a sanction, and made no difficulty of publishing it; to think an ill thing is bad, but to say it is much worse. Many a word of falsehood is uttered in haste, for want of consideration; but these were conceived and uttered, were uttered deliberately, and of malice prepense. They were words of falsehood, and yet they are said to be uttered from the heart, because, though they differed from the real sentiments of the heart, and therefore were words of falsehood, yet they agreed with the malice and wickedness of the heart, and were the natural language of that; it was a double heart, Ps. 12. 2. Those who by the grace of God kept themselves free from these enormous crimes, yet put themselves into the confession of sin, because members of that nation which was generally thus corrupted. (4.) They own that that was not done, which might have been done, to reform the land, and to amend what was amiss, v. 14. Judgment, that should go forward, and bear down the opposition that is made to it, that should run its course like a river, like a mighty stream, is turned away backward, a contrary course; the administration of justice is become but a cover to the greatest injustice; judgment, that should check the proceedings of fraud and violence, is driven back, and so they go on triumphantly. "Justice stands afar off, even from our courts of judicature, which are so crowded with the patrons of oppression, that equity cannot enter, cannot have admission into the court, cannot be heard, or at least will not be heeded. Equity enters not into the unrighteous decrees which they decree, ch. 10. 1. Truth is fallen in the street, and there it may lie to be trampled upon by every foot of pride, and she has never a friend that will lend a hand to help her up; yea, truth fails, in common conversation, and in dealings between man and man, so that one knows not whom to believe or whom to trust." (5.) They own that there was a prevailing enmity in men's minds to those that were good; He that does evil goes unpunished; but he that departs from evil, makes himself a prey to those beasts of prey that were before described; it is crime enough with them for a man not to do as they do, and they treat him as an enemy, who will not partake with them in their wickedness. He that departs from evil, is accounted mad; so the margin reads it: sober singularity is branded as folly, and he is thought next door to a madman, who swims against the stream that runs so strong. (6.) They own that all this could not but be very displeasing to the God of heaven. The evil was done in his sight; they knew very well, though they were not willing to acknowledge it, that the Lord saw it: though it was done secretly, and gilded over with specious pretences, yet it could not be concealed from his all-seeing eye; all the wickedness that is in the world, is naked and open before the eyes of God. And as he is of quicker oyes than not to see iniquity, so he is of purer eyes than to behold it with the least approbation or allowance; He saw it, and it displeased him, though it was among his own professing people that he saw it; it was evil in his eyes, he saw the sin

arm brought salvation unto him; and his righteousness, it sustained him.

17 For he put on righteousness? as a breastplate, and an helmet of salvation upon his head; and he put on the garments of vengeance for clothing, and was clad with zeal as a cloak.

18 According to their deeds, accordingly he will

recompenses.

o Ps. 98. 1. p Eph. 6, 14, 17. John 2. 17. fulness of all this sin, and that which was most offensive to him, was, that there was no judgment, no reformation; had he seen any signs of that, though the sin displeased him, he would soon have been reconciled to the sinners, upon their returning from their evil way. Then the sin of a nation becomes national, and brings public judgments, when it is not restrained by public justice. V. 16-21. How sin abounded, we have read, to our great amazement, in the former part of the chapter; how grace does much more abound, we read in these verses. And as sin took occasion from the commandment to become more exceeding sinful, so grace took occasion from the transgression of the commandment to appear more exceeding gracious. Observe, I. Why God wrought salvation for this provoking people, notwithstanding their provocations; it was purely for his own name's sake; because there was nothing in them either to bring it about, or to induce him to bring it about for them, no merit to deserve it, no might to effect it, he would do it himself, would be exalted in his own strength, for his own glory. 1. He took notice of their weakness and wickedness; He saw that there was no man that would do any thing for the support of the bleeding cause of religion and virtue among them, not a man that would execute judgment, (Jer. 5. 1,) that would bestir himself in a work of reformation; those that complained of the badness of the times, had not zeal and courage enough to appear and act against it; there was a universal corruption of manners, and nothing done to stein the tide; most were wicked, and those that were not so, were yet weak, and durst not attempt any thing in opposition to the wickedness of the wicked. There was no intercessor; either none to intercede with God, to stand in the gap, by prayer to turn away his wrath; (it would have pleased him to be thus met, and he wondered that he was not;) or, rather, none to interpose for the support of justice and truth, which were trampled upon, and run down, (v. 14,) no advocate to speak a good word for those who were made a prey of because they kept their integrity, v. 15. They complained that God did not appear for them, (ch. 58. 3;) but God with much more reason complains that they did nothing for themselves, intimating how ready he would have been to do them good, if he had found among them the least motion toward a reformation. 2. He engaged his own strength and righteousness for them; they shall be saved, for all this; and,

(1.) Because they have no strength of their own, nor any active men that will set to it in good earnest, to redress the grievances either of their iniquities or of their calamities, therefore his own arm shall bring salvation to him, to his people, or to him whom he would raise up to be the Deliverer, Christ, the Power of God, and Arm of the Lord, that Man of his right hand, whom he made strong for himself. The work of reformation (that is the first and principal article of the salvation) shall be wrought by the immediate influences of the divine grace on men's consciences. Since magistrates, and societies for reformation, fail of doing their part, one will not do justice, nor the other call for it, God will let them know that he can do it without them, when his time is come thus to prepare his people for mercy. And then the work of deliverance shall be wrought by the immediate operations of the Divine Providence on men's affections and affairs. When God stirred up the spirit of Cyrus, and brought his people out of Babylon, not by might nor by power, but by the Spirit of the Lord of hosts, then his own arm brought salvation, which is never shortened.

(2.) Because they have no righteousness of their own to merit these favours, and to which God might have an eye in working for them, therefore his own righteousness sustained him, and bore him out in it. Divine justice, which by their sins they had armed against them, through grace appears for them. Though they can expect no favour as due to them, yet he will be just to himself, to his own purpose, and promise, and covenant with his people; he will, in righteousness, punish the enemies of his people; see Deut. 9. 5, Not for thy righteousness, but for the wickedness of these nations, they are driven out. In our redemption by Christ, since we had no righteousness of our own to produce, on which God might proceed, in favour to us, he brought in a righteousness by the merit and mediation of his own Son, (it is called the righteousness which is of God by faith, Phil. 3. 9,) and this righteousness sustained him, and bore him out in all his favours to us, notwithstanding our provocations. He put on righteousness as a breastplate, securing his own honour, as a breastplate does the vitals, in all his proceedings, by the justice and equity of them; and then he put a helmet of salvation upon his head; so sure is he to effect the salvation he intends, that he takes salvation itself for his helmet, which therefore must needs be impenetrable, and in which he appears very illustrious, formidable in the eyes of his enemies, and amiable in the eyes of his friends. When righteousness is his coat of arms, salvation is his crest. In allusion to this, among the pieces of a Christian's armour we find the breastplate of righteousness, and for a helmet, the hope of

repay, fury to his adversaries, recompense to his enemies to the islands he will repay recompense.

19 So shall they fear the name of the LORD from the west, and his glory from the rising of the sun. When the enemy shall come in like a flood, the Spirit of the LORD shall lift up a standard against him.

20 And the Redeemer shall come to Zion, and unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob, saith the LORD.

21 As for me, this is my "covenant with them, saith the LORD; My spirit that is upon thee, and my words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed's seed, saith the LORD, from henceforth and for ever.

r Luke 19. 27. @ Mal. 1. 11. Jam. 4. 7.

us.

salvation, (Eph. 6. 14-17. 1 Thes. 5. 8;) and it is called the armour of God, because he wore it first, and so fitted it for (3.) Because they have no spirit or zeal to do any thing for themselves, God will put on the garments of vengeance for clothing, and clothe himself with zeal as a cloak; he will make his justice upon the enemies of his church and people, and his jealousy for his own glory and the honour of religion and virtue among men, to appear evident and conspicuous in the eye of the world; and in these he will show himself great, as a man shows himself in his rich attire, or in the distinguishing habit of his office. If men be not zealous against sin, God will, and will take vengeance on it for all the injury it has done to his honour, and his people's welfare; and this was the business of Christ in the world, to take away sin, and be revenged on it. II. What the salvation is, that shall be wrought out by the righteousness and strength of God himself.

1. There shall be a present temporal salvation wrought out for the Jews im Babylon, or elsewhere in distress and captivity. This is promised (v. 18, 19) as a type of something further. When God's time is come, he will do his own work, though those fail, that should forward it. It is here promised, (1.) That God will reckon with his enemies, and will render to them according to their deeds; to the enemies of his people abroad, that have oppressed them; to the enemies of justice and truth at home, that have oppressed them; for they also are God's enemies; and when the day of vengeance comes, he will deal with both as they have deserved; according to retribution, (so the word is,) the law of retributions, (Rev. 13. 10;) Or, according to former retributions, as he has rendered to his enemies formerly, accordingly he will now repay, fury to his adversuries, recompense to his enemies; his fury shall not exceed the rules of justice, as men's fury commonly does. Even to the islands, that lie most remote. if they have appeared against him, he will repay recompense; for his hand shall find out all his enemies, (Ps. 21. 8,) and his arrows reach them. Though God's people have behaved so ill, that they do not deserve to be delivered, yet his enemies behave so much worse, that they do deserve to be destroyed.

(2.) That whatever attempts the enemies of God's people may afterward make upon them, to disturb their peace, they shall be baffled and brought to naught; When the enemy shall come in like a flood, like a high spring-tide, or a land-flood, which threaten to bear down all before them without control, then the Spirit of the Lord by some secret undiscerned power shall lift up a standard against him, and so (as the margin reads it) put him to flight. He that has delivered, will still deliver. When God's people are weak and helpless, and have no stanagainst the invading power, God will give a ban

dard to lift at fear him, (Ps. 60. 4,) will by his Spirit lift up a

ner to them standard, which will draw multitudes together to appear on the church's behalf. Some read it, He shall come (the name of the Lord, and his glory, before foreseen in the Messiah promised) like a straight river, the Spirit of the Lord lifting him up for an Ensign. Christ, by the preaching of his Gospel, shall cover the earth with the knowledge of God as with the waters of a flood, the Spirit of the Lord setting up Christ as a Standard to the Gentiles, ch. 11. 10.

(3.) That all this should redound to the glory of God, and the advancement of religion in the world; (v. 19,) So shall they fear the name of the Lord and his glory, in all nations that lie eastward or westward. The deliverance of the Jews out of captivity, and the destruction brought on their oppressors, would awaken multitudes to inquire concerning the God of Israel, and induce them to serve and worship him, and enlist themselves under the standard which the Spirit of the Lord shall lift up. God's appearances for his church shall occasion the accession of many to it. This had its full accomplishment in Gospel times, when many came from the east and west, to fill up the places of the children of the kingdom that shall be cast out, when there were set up eastern and western churches, Matt. 8. 11. 2. There shall be a more glorious salvation wrought out by the Messiah in the fulness of time, which salvation all the prophets, upon all occasions, had in view. We have here the

two great promises relating to that salvation. (1) That the Son of God shall come to us to be our Redeem

CHAPTER LX.

This whole chapter is all to the same purport, all in the same strain; it is a part of God's covenant with his church, which is spoken of in the last verse of the foregoing chapter, and the blessings here promised are the fruits of the word and Spirit there promised. The long continuance of the church, even unto the utmost ages of time, was there promised, and here the large extent of the church, even unto the utmost regions of the earth; and both these tend to the honour of the Redeemer. It is here promised, I. That the church should be enlightened and shined upon, v. 1, 2. 11. That it should be enlarged, and great additions made to it, to join in the service of God, v. 3-8. 111. That the new converts should be greatly serviceable to the church, and to the interests of it, v. 9-13 IV. That the church shall be in great honour and reputation among men, v. 14-16. V. That it shall enjoy a profound peace and tranquillity, v. 17, 18 VI. That the members of it being all righteous, the glory and joy of it shall be everlasting, v. 19-22. Now this has some reference to the peaceable and pros perous condition which the Jews were sometimes in, after their return out of captivity into their own land; but it certainly looks further, and was to have its full accomplishment in the kingdom of the Messiah, the enlargement of that kingdom by the bringing in of the Gentiles into it, and the spiritual blessings in heavenly things by Christ Jesus, with which it should be enriched, and all these earuests of eternal joy and glory.

ARISE, "shine; for thy light is come, and the

glory of the LORD is risen upon thee.

Rom. 11. 26.

or, be enlightened, for

Heb. 12. 14. wo Heb. 8. 8, &c. thy light cometh. a Eph. 5. 8. er; (v. 20,) Thy Redeemer shall come; it is applied to Christ, (Rom. 11. 26,) There shall come the Deliverer. The coming of Christ as the Redeemer, is the summary of all the promises both of the Old and New Testament, and this was the redemption in Jerusalem, which the believing Jews looked for, Luke 2. 38. Christ is our Goel, our next Kinsman, that redeems both the person and the estate of the poor debtor. Observe, [1] The place where this Redeemer shall appear; he shall come to Zion, for there, on that holy hill, the Lord would set him up as his King, Ps. 2. 6. In Zion the chief Corner-stone was to be laid, 1 Pet. 2. 6. He came to his temple there, (Mal. 3. 1,) there salvation was to be placed, (ch. 46. 13,) for thence the law was to go forth, ch. 2. 3. Zion was a type of the Gospel church, for which the Redeemer acts in all his appearances The Redeemer shall come for the sake of Zion; so the LXX read it. [2.] The persons that shall have the comfort of the Redeemer's coming, that shall then lift up their heads, knowing that their redemption draws nigh; he shall come to those that turn from ungodliness to Jacob, to those that are in Jacob, to the praying seed of Jacob, in answer to their prayers; yet not to all that are in Jacob, that are within the pale of the visible church, but to those only that turn from transgression, that repent and reform, and forsake those sins which Christ came to redeemn them from. The sinners in Zion will fare never the better for the Redeemer's coming to Zion, if they go on still in their tres

passes.

(2.) That the Spirit of God shall come to us, to be our Sanctifier, v. 21. In the Redeemer there was a new covenant made with us, a covenant of promises; and this is the great and comprehensive promise of that covenant, that God will give and continue his word and Spirit to his church and people throughout all generations. God's giving the Spirit to them that ask him, includes the giving of them all good things, Luke 11. 13. Matt. 7. 11. This covenant is here said to be made with them, with them that turn from transgression; for they that cease to do evil, shall be taught to do well. But the promise is made to a single person, My Spirit that is upon thee, being directed, either, [1] To Christ as the Head of the church, who received, that he might give. The Spirit promised to the church was first upon him, and from his head that precious ointment descended to the skirts of his garments; and the word of the Gospel was first put into his mouth; for it began to be spoken by the Lord. And all believers are his seed, in whom he prolongs his days, ch. 53. 10. Or, [2.] To the church; and so it is a promise of the continuance and perpetuity of the church in the world to the end of time, parallel to those promises, that the throne and seed of Christ shall endure for ever, Ps. 89. 29, 36.-22.30. Observe, First, How the church shall be kept up; in a succession, as the world of mankind is kept up, by the seed and the seed's seed; as one generation passes away, another generation shall come; instead of the fathers shall be the children. Secondly, How long it shall be kept up; from henceforth and for ever, always, even unto the end of the world; for the world being left to stand for the sake of the church, we may be sure that as iong as it does stand, Christ will have a church in it, though not always visible. Thirdly, By what means it shall be kept up; by the constant residence of the Word and Spirit in it. 1. The Spirit that was upon Christ, shall always continue in the hearts of the faithful; there shall be some in every age on whom he shall work, and in whom he shall dwell, and thus the Comforter shall abide with the church for ever, John 14. 16. 2. The word of Christ shall always continue in the mouths of the faithful; there shall be some in every age, who, believing with the heart unto righteousness, shall with the tongue make confession unto salvation. The word shall never depart out of the mouth of the church, for there shall still be a seed to speak Christ's holy language, and profess his holy religion. Observe, The Spirit and the word go together, and by them the church is kept up. For the word in the mouths of our ministers, nay, the word in our own mouths, will not profit us, unless the Spirit work with the word, and give us an understanding. But the Spirit does his work by the word, and in concurrence with it; and whatever is pretended to be a dictate of the Spirit, must be tried by the scriptures. On these foundations the church is built, stands firm, and shall stand for ever; Christ himself being the chief Corner-stone.

2 For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the LORD'shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.

3 And the Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.

4 Lift up thine eyes round about, and see all they gather themselves together, they come to thee: thy sons shall come from far, and thy daughters shall be nursed at thy side.

5 Then thou shalt see, and flow together, and

b Mal. 4.2. 2 Cor. 4. 6. e c. 49. 6, 23. Rev. 21. 24. d Rom. 11. 25. noise of the sea shall be turned toward thee.

came.

NOTES TO CHAPTER LX.

V. 1-8. It is here promised that the Gospel temple shall be very light, and very large. I. It shall be very light; Thy light is come. When the Jews returned out of captivity, they had light and gladness, and joy and honour; they then were made to know the Lord, and to rejoice in his great goodness; and upon both accounts their light When the Redeemer came to Zion, he brought light with him, he himself came to be a Light. Now observe, 1. What this light is, and whence it springs; The Lord shall arise apon thee, (v. 2,) the glory of the Lord, (v. 1,) that shall be seen upon thee. God is the Father and Fountain of lights, and it is in his light that we shall see light. As far as we have the knowledge of God in us, and the favour of God toward us, our light is come. When God appears to us and we have the comfort of his favour, then the glory of the Lord rises upon us as the morning light; when he appears for us, and we have the credit of his favour, when he shows us some token for good, and proclaims his favour to us, then his glory is seen upon us, as it was upon Israel in the pillar of cloud and fire. When Christ arose as the Sun of righteousness, and in him the the day-spring from on high visited us, then the glory of the Lord was seen upon us, the glory as of the First-begotten of the Father. 2. What a foil there shall be to this light; Darkness shall cover the earth; but, though it be gross darkness, darkness that might be felt, like that of Egypt, that shall overspread the people, yet the church, like Goshen, shall have light at the same time. When the case of the nations that have not the Gospel, shall be very melancholy, those dark corners of the earth being full of the habitations of cruelty to poor souls, the state of the church shall be very pleasant. 3. What is the duty which the rising of this light calls for; "Arise, shine; not only receive this light, and" (as the margin reads it) "be enlightened by it, but reflect this light; arise, and shine with rays borrowed from it." The children of light ought to shine as lights in the world: if God's glory be seen upon us to our honour, we ought not only with our lips, but in our lives, to return the praise of it to his honour, Matt. 5. 16. Phil. 2. 15.

II. It shall be very large. When the Jews were settled again in their own land after their captivity, many of the people of the land joined themselves to them; but it does not appear that there ever was any such numerous accession to them as would answer the fulness of this prophecy; and therefore we must conclude that this looks further, to the bringing of the Gentiles into the Gospel church; not their flocking to one particular place, though under that type it is here described. There is no place now that is the centre of the church's unity; but the promise respects their flocking to Christ, and coming by faith, and hope, and holy love, into that society, which is incorporated by the charter of his Gospel, and of the unity of which he only is the Centre; that family which is named from him, Eph. 3. 15. The Gospel church is expressly called Zion and Jerusalem, and under that notion all believers are said to come to it; (Heb. 12. 22,) Ye are come unto mount Zion, to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem; which serves for a key to this prophecy, Eph. 2. 19. Observe,

1. What shali invite such multitudes to the church; "They shall come to thy light, and to the brightness of thy rising, v. 3. They shall be allured to join themselves to thee," (1.)" By the light that shines upon thee," the light of the glorious Gospel, which the churches hold forth, in consequence of which they are called golden candlesticks; this light which discovers so much of God and his good will to man, by which life and immortality are brought to light, this shall invite all the serious wellaffected part of mankind to come and join themselves to the church, that they may have the benefit of this light, to inform them concerning truth and duty. (2.) "By the light with which thou shinest," the purity and love of the primitive Christians, their heavenly-mindedness, contempt of the world, and patient sufferings, were the brightness of the church's rising, which drew many into it. The beauty of holiness was the powerful attractive by which Christ had a willing people brought to him in the day of his power, Ps. 110. 2.

2. What multitudes shall come to the church. Great numbers shall come, Gentiles, or nations, of them that are saved, as it is expressed with allusion to this, Rev. 21. 24. Nations shall be discipled; (Matt. 28. 19,) and even kings, men of figure, power, and influence, shall be added to the church. They come from all parts; (v. 4,) Lift up thine eyes round about, and see them coming; devout men out of every nation under heaven, Acts 2. 5. See how white the fields are already to the harvest, John 4. 35. See them coming in a body, as one man, and with

thine heart shall fear, and be enlarged; because the "abundance of the sea shall be converted unto thee, the forces of the Gentiles shall come unto thee. 6 The multitude of camels shall cover thee, the dromedaries of Midian and Ephah; all they from Sheba shall come: they shall bring golds and incense; and they shall show forth the praises of the LORD.

7 All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together unto thee: the rams of Nebaioth shall minis

tor, wealth. ver 11. c. 61. 6. 2. 11.

e Gen. 25. 4, 13. f Ps. 72. 10.

g Matt. one consent; they gather themselves together, that they may strengthen one another's hands, and encourage one another; Come, and let us go, ch. 2. 3. "They come from the remotest parts; they come to thee from far, having heard the report of thee, as the queen of Sheba, or seen thy star in the east, as the wise men; and they will not be discouraged by the length of the journey from coming to thee. There shall come some of both sexes; sons and daughters shall come in the most dutiful manner, as thy sons and thy daughters, resolved, to be of thy family, to submit to the laws of thy family, and put themselves under the tuition of it. They shall come to be nursed at thy side; to have their education with thee from their cradle." The church's children must be nursed at their side, not sent out to be nursed among strangers; there, where alone the sincere milk of the word is to be had, must the church's new-born babes be nursed, that they may grow thereby, 1 Pet. 2. 1, 2. They that would enjoy the dignities and privileges of Christ's family, must submit to the discipline of it.

3. What they shall bring with them, and what advantage shall accrue to the church by their accession to it. They that are brought into the church by the grace of God, will be sure to bring all they are worth in with them, which with themselves they will devote to the honour and service of God, and do good with in their places. (1.) The merchants shall write holiness to the Lord upon their merchandise and their hire, as ch. 23. 18. "The abundance of the sea, either the wealth that is fetched out of the sea, the fish, the pearls, or that which is imported by sea, it shall all be converted to thee and to thy use." The wealth of the rich merchants shall be laid out in works of piety and charity. (2.) The mighty men of the nations shall employ their might in the service of the church; "The forces, or troops, of the Gentiles shall come unto thee, to guard thy coasts, strengthen thine interests, and, if occasion be, to fight thy battles." The forces of the Gentiles had often been against the church, but now they shall be for it; for as God, when he pleases, can, and, when we please him, will, make even our enemies to be at peace with us, (Prov. 16. 7,) so when Christ overcomes the strong man armed, he divides his spoils, and makes that to serve his interests, which had been used against them, Luke 11. 22. (3) The wealth imported by land carriage, as well as that by sea, shall be made use of in the service of God and the church; (v. 6,) The camels and dromedaries, that bring gold and incense, gold to make the golden altar of, and incense and sweet perfumes to burn upon it; they of Midian and Sheba shall bring the richest commodities of their country, not to trade with, but to honour God with, and not in small quantities, but camelloads of them. This was in part fulfilled when the wise men of the east (perhaps some of the countries here mentioned,) drawn by the brightness of the star, came to Christ, and presented to him treasures of gold, frankincense, and myrrh, Matt. 2. 11. (4.) Great numbers of sacrifices shall be brought to God's altar, acceptable sacrifices, and, though brought by Gentiles, they shall find acceptance, v. 7. Kedar was famous for flocks, and, probably, the fattest rams were those of Nebaioth; they shall come up with acceptance on God's altar. God must be served and honoured with what we have, according as he has blessed us, and with the best we have. This was fulfilled when by the decree of Darius the governors beyond the rivers (perhaps of some of these countries) were ordered to furnish the temple at Jerusalem with bullocks, rams, and lambs, for the burnt-offering of the God of heaven, Ezra 6. 9. It had a further accomplishment, and we trust will have, in the bringing in of the fulness of the Gentiles to the church, which is called the sacrificing, or offering up, of the Gentiles unto God, Rom. 15. 16. The flocks and rams are precious souls; for they are said to minister to the church, and to come up as living sacrifices, presenting themselves to God by a reasonable service, on his altar, Rom. 12. 1.

4. How God shall be honoured by the increase of the church, and the accession of such numbers to it: (1.) They shall intend the honour of God's name in it. When they bring their gold and incense, it shall not be to show the riches of their country, or to gain applause to themselves for piety and devotion, but to show forth the praises of the Lord, v. 6. Our greatest services and gifts to the church are not acceptable, further than we have an eye to the glory of God in them. And this must be our business in our attendance on public ordinances, to give unto the Lord the glory due to his name; for therefore, as these here, we are called out of darkness into light, that we should show forth the praises of him that called us, 1 Pet. 2. 9. (2.) God will advance the honour of his own name by it; so he has said, (v. 7,) I will glorify the house of my glory. The

ter unto thee: they shall come up with acceptance on mine altar, and I will glorify the house of my glory.

8 Who are these that fly as a cloud, and as the doves to their windows?

9 Surely the isles' shall wait for me, and the ships of Tarshish first, to bring thy sons from far, their *silver and their gold with them, unto the name of the LORD thy God, and to the Holy One of Israel, because he hath glorified thee.

10 And the sons of strangers' shall build up thy walls, and their kings shall minister unto thee: for in my wrath I smote thee, but in my favour have I had mercy on thee.

11 Therefore thy gates shall be "open continually:

church is the house of God's glory, where he manifests his glory to his people, and receives that homage by which they do honour to him. And it is for the glory of this house, and of him that keeps house there, both that the Gentiles shall bring their offerings to it, and that they shall be accepted therein.

5. How the church shall herself be affected with this increase of her numbers, v. 5. (1.) She shall be in a transport of joy upon this account; "Thou shalt see, and flow together," (or flow to and fro,) as in a pleasing agitation about it, surprised at it, but extremely glad of it." (2.) There shall be a mixture of fear with this joy; "Thine heart shall fear, doubting whether it be lawful to go in to the uncircumcised, and eat with them." Peter was so possessed with this fear, that he needed a vision and voice from heaven to help him over it, Acts 10. 28. But, (3.) "When this fear is conquered, thy heart shall be enlarged in holy love, so enlarged that thou shalt have room in it for all the Gentile converts, thou shalt not have such a narrow soul as thou hast had, nor affections so confined within the Jewish pale." When God intends the beauty and prosperity of his church, he gives this largeness of heart and an extensive charity. (4.) These converts flocking to the church shall be greatly admired: (v. 8,) Who are these that fly as a cloud? Observe, [1.] How the conversion of souls is here described; it is flying to Christ and to his church; for thither we are directed; it is flying like a cloud, though in great multitudes, so as to overspread the heavens, yet with great unanimity, all as one cloud; they shall come with speed, as a cloud flying on the wings of the wind, and come openly, and in the view of all, their very enemies beholding them, (Rev. 11. 12,) and yet not able to hinder them. They shall fly as doves to their windows, in great flights, many together; they fly on the wings of the harmless dove, which flies low, denoting their innocency and humility. They fly to Christ, to the church, to the word and ordinances, as doves, by instinct, to their own windows, to their own home; thither they fly for refuge and shelter when they are pursued by the birds of prey; and thither they fly for rest when they have been wandering and are weary, as Noah's dove to the ark. [2.] How the conversion of souls is here admired; it is spoken of with wonder and with pleasure; Who are these? We have reason to wonder that so many flock to Christ; when we see them all together, we shall wonder whence they all came; and we have reason to admire with pleasure and affection those that do flock to him; Who are these? How excellent, how amiable are they! What a pleasant sight is it to see poor souls hastening to Christ, with a full resolution to abide with him!

V. 9-14. The promises made to the church in the foregoing verses are here repeated, ratified, and enlarged upon; designed still for the comfort and encouragement of the Jews after their return out of captivity; but certainly looking further, to the enlargement and advancement of the Gospel church, and the abundance of spiritual blessings with which it shall be enriched.

rise.

1. God will be very gracious and propitious to them. We must begin with that promise, because thence all the rest take The sanctuary that was desolate, then begins to be repaired, when God causes his face to shine upon it, Dan. 9. 17. All the favour that the people of God find with men, is owing to the light of God's countenance, and his favour to them; (v. 10,) "All shall now make court to thee, for in my wrath I smote thee, while thou wast in captivity." (The sufferings of the church, especially by its corruptions, decays, and divisions, against which these promises here will be its relief, are sad tokens of God's displeasure. "But now in my favour have I had mercy on thee, and therefore have all this mercy in store for thee."

2. Many shall be brought into the church, even from far countries; (v. 9,) Surely the isles shall wait for me, shall welcome the Gospel, and shall attend God with their praises for it, and their ready subjection to it. The ships of Tarshish, transport ships, shall lie ready to carry members from far distant regions to the church, or (which is equivalent) to carry the ministers of the church to remote parts, to preach the Gospel, and to bring in souls to join themselves to the Lord. Observe, (1.) Who are brought; thy sons, such as are designed to be so, those children of God that are scattered abroad, John 11. 52. (2.) What they shall bring with them; they live at such a

they shall not be shut day nor night; that men may bring unto thee the forces of the Gentiles, and that their kings may be brought.

12 For the nation and kingdom that will not serve thee shall perish; yea, those nations shall be utterly wasted.

13 The glory of Lebanon' shall come unto thee, the fir-tree, the pine-tree, and the box together, to beautify the place of my sanctuary; and I will make the place of my feet glorious.

14 The sons also of them that afflicted thee shall come bending unto thee; and all they that despised thee shall bow themselves down at the soles of thy feet; and they shall call thee, The city of the LORD, The Zions of the Holy One of Israel. n Rev. 21. 25. o Hos. 14. 6, 7. P Ps. 96. 6.

a Heb. 12. 22.

Ps. 132. 7. T Rev. 3. 9.

distance, that they cannot bring their flocks and their rams; but, like those who lived remote from Jerusalem, who, when they came up to worship at the feast, because they could not bring their tithes in kind, turned it into money, they shall bring their silver and gold with them. Note, When we give up ourselves to God, we must with ourselves give up all we have to him. If we honour him with our spirits, we shall honour him with our substance. (3.) To whom they shall devote and dedicate themselves, and all they are worth; to the name of the Lord thy God, to God as the Lord of all, and the church's God and King; even to the Holy One of Israel, whom Israel worships as a Holy One, in the beauty of holiness; because he has glorified thee. Note, The honour God puts upon his church and people should not only engage us to honour them, but invite us to join ourselves to them; We will go with you, for God is with you, Zech. 8. 23.

3. Those that come into the church, shall be welcome; for so spacious is the holy city, that though Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, yet still there is room. "Therefore thy gates shall be open continually, (v. 11,) not only because thou hast no reason to fear thy enemies, but because thou hast reason to expect thy friends." It is usual with us to leave our doors open, or leave some to be ready to open them, all night, if we look for a child or a guest to come in late. Note, Christ is always ready to entertain those that come to him, is never out of the way, nor can they ever come unseasonably; the gate of mercy is always open, night and day, or shall soon be opened, to them that knock. Ministers, the doorkeepers, must be always ready to admit those that offer themselves to the Lord. God not only keeps a good house in his church, but he keeps open house; that, at any time, by the preaching of the word, in season and out of season, the forces of the Gentiles, and the kings or commanders of those forces, may be brought into the church. Lift up your heads, O ye gates, and let such welcome guests as these come in.

4. All that are about the church, shall be made some way or other serviceable to it. Though dominion is far from being founded in men's grace, it is founded in God's; and he that made the inferior creatures useful to man, will make the nations of men useful to the church; The earth helped the woman; All things are for your sakes. So here, (v. 10,) "Even the sons of strangers that have neither knowledge of thee, nor kindness for thee, that have always been aliens to the commonwealth of Israel, even they shall build up thy wall, and their kings shall in that and other things minister unto thee, and not think it any disparagement to them." This was fulfilled when the king of Persia, and the governors of the provinces, by his order, were aiding and assisting Nehemiah in building the wall about Jerusalem. Rather than Jerusalem's walls shall lie still in ruins, the sons of the stranger shall be raised up to build them. Even those that do not belong to the church, may be a protection to it. And the greatest of men should not think it below them to minister to the church, but rejoice that they are in a capacity, and have a heart to do it any service. Nay, it is the duty of all to do what they can in their places to advance the interests of God's kingdom among men, it is at their peril if they do not; for, (v. 12,) The nation and kingdom that will not serve thee, shall perish; not that they must perish by the sword, or by human anathemas; or as if this gave any countenance to the using of external force for the propagating of the Gospel; or as if men might be compelled by penalties and punishment to come into the church; by no means. But those who will not by faith submit to Jesus Christ, the King of the church, and serve him, they shall perish eternally, Ps. 2. 12. They that will not be subject to Christ's golden sceptre, to the government of his word and Spirit, that will not be brought under, or kept in, by the discipline of his family, shall be broken in pieces by his iron rod; Bring them forth and slay them before me, Luke 19. 27. Nations of such shall be utterly and eternally wasted, when Christ comes to take vengeance on those that obey not his Gospel, 2 Thes. 1. 8.

5. There shall be abundance of beauty added to the ordinances of divine worship; (v. 13,) The glory of Lebanon, the strong and stately cedars that grow there, shall come unto thee, as of old to Solomon, when he built the temple, (2 Chr. 2. 16;) and with them other timber shall be brought, proper for the carved work thereof, which the enemy had broken down, Ps. 74.

15 Whereas thou hast been 'forsaken and hated, so that "no man went through thee, I will make thee an eternal excellency, a joy of many generations. 16 Thou shalt also suck the milk of the Gentiles, and shalt suck the breasts of kings: and thou shalt know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob.

17 For brass I will bring gold, and for iron I will

Ps. 73. 60, 61. Lam. 1. 4. v Rev. 3. 12. to c. 66. 11, 12.

5, 6. The temple, the place of God's sanctuary, shall be not only rebuilt, but beautified. It is the place of his feet, where he rests and resides, Ez. 43. 7. The ark is called his footstool, because it was under the inercy-seat, Ps. 132. 7. This he will make glorious in the eyes of his people and of all their neighbours. The glory of the latter house, to which this refers, though in many instances inferior, was yet really greater than the glory of the former, because Christ came to that temple, Mal. 3. 1. It was likewise adorned with goodly stones and gifts, (Luke 21. 5,) to which this promise may have some reference; yet so slightly did Christ speak of them there, that we must suppose it to have its full accomplishment in the beauties of holiness, and the graces and comforts of the Spirit, with which Gospel ordinances are adorned and enriched."

6. The church shall appear truly great and honourable, v. 14. The people of the Jews, after their return out of captivity, by degrees became more considerable, and made a better figure, than one would have expected, after they had been so much reduced, and than any of the other nations recovered, that had been in like manner humbled by the Chaldeans. It is probable that many of those who had oppressed them in Babylon, when they were themselves driven out by the Persians, made their court to the Jews for shelter and supply, and were willing to scrape acquaintance with them. It is further fulfilled, when those that have been enemies to the church, are wrought upon by the grace of God to see their error, and come and join themselves to it; "The sons of them that afflicted thee, if not they themselves, yet their children, shall crouch to thee, shall beg pardon for their folly, and beg an interest in thy favour, and admission into thy family," 1 Sam. 2. 36. A promise like this is made to the church of Philadelphia, Rev. 3. 9. And it is intended to be, (1.) A mortification to the proud oppressors of the church, that have afflicted her, and despised her, and taken a pleasure in doing it; they shall be brought down, their spirits shall be broken, and their condition shall be so mean and miserable, that they shall be glad to be obliged to those whom they have most studied to disoblige. Note, Sooner or later, God will pour contempt upon those that put contempt upon his people. (2.) An exaltation to the poor oppressed ones of the church; and this is the honour that shall be done them, they shall have an opportunity of doing good to those who have done evil to them, and saving those alive who have afflicted and despised them. It is a pleasure to a good man, and he accounts it an honour, to show mercy to those with whom he has found no mercy. Yet this is not all; "They shall not only become supplicants to thee for their own interest, but they shall give honour to thee; they shall call thee The city of the Lord; they shall at length be convinced that thou art a favourite of Heaven, and the particular care of the Divine Providence." That city is truly great and honourable, it is strong, it is rich, it is safe, it is beautiful, it is the most desirable place that can be to live in, which is the city of the Lord, which he owns, in which he dwells, in which religion is uppermost; such a one is Zion, it is the place which God has chosen to put his name there, it is the Zion of the Holy One of Israel; therefore, we may be sure, a holy city, else the Holy One of Israel would never be called the Patron of it. V. 15-22. The happy and glorious state of the church is here further foretold, referring principally and ultimately to the Christian church, and the spiritual peace of that; but under the type of that little gleam of outward peace, which the Jews some times enjoyed after their return out of captivity. This is here spoken of,

I. As compared with what it had been; this made her peace and honour the more pleasant, that her condition had been much otherwise:

bring silver, and for wood brass, and for stones iron: I will also make thy officers peace, and thine exactors righteousness."

18 Violence shall no more be heard in thy land, wasting nor destruction within thy borders: but thou shalt call thy walls Salvation, and thy gates Praise.

19 The "sun shall be no more thy light by day;

c. 43. 3. y 2 Pet. 3. 13. z c. 26. 1. a Rev. 21. 23. 22. 5. Gospel; thou shalt suck the breast of Kings, who shall be to thee as nursing fathers." (2.) She shall find herself countenanced by her God; " Thou shalt know that I the Lord am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, shalt know it by experience; for such a salvation, such a redemption, shall be wrought out for thee, as plainly discovers itself to be the work of the Lord, the work of a mighty one, for it is a great salvation; of the Mighty One of Jacob, for it secures the welfare of all those that are Israelites indeed." They before knew the Lord to be their God; now they know him to be their Saviour, their Redeemer. Their Holy One now appears their Mighty One.

2. She had been impoverished; but now she shall be enriched, and every thing shall be changed for the better with her, v. 17. When those who were raised out of the dust, are set among princes, instead of brass, they have money in their purses, they have gold and silver vessels in their houses instead of iron ones, and other improvements agreeable: so much shall the spiritual glory of the New-Testament church exceed the external pomp and splendour of the Jewish economy, which had no glory in comparison with that which quite excels it, 2 Cor. 3. 10. When we had baptism in the room of circumcision, the Lord's supper in the room of the passover, and a Gospel ministry in the room of a Levitical priesthood, we had gold instead of brass. Sin turned gold into brass, when Rehoboam made brazen shields instead of the golden ones he had pawned; but God's favour, when that returns, will turn brass again into gold.

3. She had been oppressed by her own princes, which was sadly complained of, not only as her sin, but as her misery, (ch. 59. 14;) but now all the grievances of that kind shall be redressed; (v. 17,) “I will make thine officers peace; men of peace shall be made officers, and shall be indeed justices, not patrons of injustice, and justices of peace, not instruments of trouble and vexation. They shall be peace, they shall sincerely seek thy welfare, and by their means thou shalt enjoy good." They shall be peace, for they shall be righteousness; and then the peace is as a river, when the righteousness is as the waves of the sea. Even exactors, whose business it is to demand the public tribute, though they be exact, must not be exacting, but must be just to the subject as well as to the prince, and, according to the instructions John Baptist gave to the publicans, must exact no more than is appointed them, Luke 3. 13.

4. She had been insulted by her neighbours, invaded, spoiled, and plundered; but now it shall be so no more; (v. 18,) "Violence shall no more be heard in thy land; neither the threats and triumphs of those that do violence, nor the outcries and complaints of those that suffer violence, shall again be heard, but every man shall peaceably enjoy his own. There shall be no wasting or destruction either of persons or possessions, any where within thy borders; but thy walls shall be called salvation, they shall be safe, and means of safety to thee, and thy gates shall be praise, praise to thee, every one shail commend thee for the good condition they are kept in; and praise to thy God, who streng hens the bars of thy gates," Ps. 147. 13. When God's salvation is upon the walls, it is fit that his praises should be in the gates, the places of concourse.

II. As completed in what it shall be: it should seem that in the close of this chapter, we are directed to look further yet, as far forward as to the glory and happiness of heaven, under the type and figure of the flourishing state of the church on earth, which yet was never such as to come to any thing near to what is here foretold; and divers of the images and expressions here made use of we find in the description of the new Jerusalem, Rev. 21. 23.-22.5. As the prophets sometimes insensibly pass from the blessings of the Jewish church to the spiritual blessings of the Christian church, which are eternal; so sometimes they rise from the church militant to the church triumphant, where, and where only, all the promised peace and joy and honour will be in perfection.

Two things are here spoken of as her excellency and joy, in opposition to her having been forsaken and hated. (1.) She shall find herself countenanced by her neighbours. The nations, and their kings, that are brought to embrace Christianity, shall lay themselves out for the good of the church, and maintain its interests, with the tenderness and affection that the nurse shows to the child at her breast; (v. 16,) “Thou shalt suck the milk of the Gentiles; not suck their blood, that is not the spirit of the

1. God shall be all in all in the happiness here promised; so he is always to true believers; (v. 19,) The sun and the moon shall be no more thy light. God's people, when they enjoy his favour, and walk in the light of his countenance, make little account of sun and moon, and other lights of this world, but could walk comfortably in the light of the Lord, though they should for sun or moon, for it is the inheritance of the saints in light, such light as will swallow up the light of the sun, as easily as the sun does that of a candle. "Idolaters worshipped the sun and moon; (which some have thought the most ancient and plausible idolatry;) but those shall be no more thy light, shall no more be idolized; but the Lord shall be to thee a constant Light, both day and night, in the night of adversity as well as in the day of prosperity." Those that make God their only Light, shall have him their all-sufficient Light; their Sun and Shield; thy God, thy Glory. Note, God is the glory of those whose God he is, and will be so to eternity. It is their glory, that they have him for their God, and they glory in it; if