ARTICLE VI.

Have criminals or the accused the right of counsel, of jury trial, of process for witnesses, and to be confronted with them?

They have.

ARTICLE VII.

In suits at common law, where the amount exceeds twenty dollars, is the right of jury preserved ?

It is.

Can a fact tried by jury be otherwise examined than according to the rules of the common law, in the United States Courts?

It cannot.

ARTICLE VIII.

Can excessive bail be required, and unusual and eruel punishments be inflicted?

It cannot.

ARTICLE IX.

Can the enumeration in the constitution of certain rights conclude other rights?

It concludes those rights alone.

Does it take from the people other rights?

It does not.

ARTICLE X.

Are powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited to the states, reserved to the individual states or to the people?

They are.

ARTICLE XI.

Can the United States courts try causes by citizen or citizens of a state against one of the United States, or by citizens against subjects of a foreign state?

They cannot.

ARTICLE XII.

Can the President and Vice President be named on the same ballot, or be both of the same state with those voting?

They cannot.

Where do the electors of President and Vice President meet?

In their respective states. They shall certify the separate lists to the President of the Senate, and the number of votes for each candidate.

When are the votes counted, and by whom?

The Senate, with the Vice President, on a day appointed by law in the month of February, comes into the hall of the House of Representatives, and in presence of both Houses the votes are counted by tellers appointed for the purpose-one for the Senate and two for the House of Representatives. The person having the great. est number shall be President, if a majority of all the votes; and the person having the greatest number, if a majority of all the votes cast, shall be Vice President. If no choice takes place by the people, no person having a majority of all the votes cast for President and for Vice President, the House then proceeds to choose a president from the three highest candidates in the list. The House votes by states: one or more members from a state constitutes a quorum, and a majority of the House voting by states elects the president. If no one receives such majority before the 4th of March next following, the Vice President shall act as President.

How is the Vice President chosen on a failure to elect by the people, or the electors selected?

The Senate shall, from the two highest candidates elect their president, who will act as Vice President.

How is the President elected?

By electors, chosen by the people or by their delegates in senate and assembly convened. In this state, by a number of electors equal to the number of representatives in the House of Representatives.

When do they meet, and at what place?

tors.

They meet on the day preceding the first Wednesday in December after their election at the capitol: a president is first chosen by ballot, and a secretary. They shall fill, however, prior to choosing their officers, all vacancies in their body; which shall be ascertained by the elector from their district not appearing by 4 o'clock at the capitol, of Tuesday preceding the first Wednesday. They shall then select persons to fill the list, by choosing two electors to correspond with the number of senaOn the first Wednesday in December, the electors thus organized shall meet at the capitol, and then and there vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom at least may not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. They must vote by ballot, naming the President or Vice President in said ballot. They must make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President and all persons voted for as Vice President, and the number of votes for each; which lists they must sign and certify, first annexing to said list one of the three lists prepared by the secretary of state, containing the names of the electors, signed by the Governor, with the seal of the state affixed. They must seal up the same, certifying thereon that the lists of the votes for President and Vice President are contained therein. The

electors must then by writing, under their hands or that of a majority, appoint a person to take charge of the lists so sealed up, and to deliver to the President of the Senate, at Washington, before the first Wednesday in January next ensuing. Two similar lists are to be made and sealed up with a like certificate endorsed; one of which is to be deposited in the post office, addressed to the President of the Senate, the other to be delivered to the District Judge of the Northern District of New-York. If there is no President of the Senate at Washington, then the list shall be delivered to the secretary of state of the United States.

What is their pay?

For attendance and travel, the same as members of the legislature receive.

How many electors does the state of New-York elect? It elects thirty-three. The electoral college elect two for the senators, making in the whole thirty-five.

Where did the proposition for forming a new constitution originate?

< In Virginia.

Who suggested this meeting?

General Washington.

How many states appointed delegates to the first meeting?

Ten.

How many and where did they convene?

The delegates of five states convened at Annapolis on the 19th of September, 1786. Their powers were not deemed sufficiently extensive, and as delegates from a majority of the states did not attend, those present adjourned, recommending a new convention with larger powers, to meet at Philadelphia, in May, 1787.

OF THE MAKING OF LAWS.

What is the first business of government?

It is to make laws.

What is the manner of making laws?

If it is a fundamental law, the people on a day certain elect delegates to meet in convention.

What is done at this convention?

They designate the various offices to be filled in the state, and prescribe the duties, privileges and powers of the various officers of the government.

What is the law called they make?

It is called a fundamental law or constitution.
Why is it so called?

Because it is the basis of all other laws, and empowers those who legislate to make other laws.

In what manner are laws made?

In congress they are made by the Senate and House of Representatives, with the consent of the President, in the manner prescribed in the rules of the two Houses. What is the first business of a legislative body?

To elect their proper officers, if they are not filled bý the people. The House of Representatives elect a speaker, clerk, sergeant-at-arms, and door keeper. They are elected by ballot or viva voce. The pages and messengers are selected by the speaker. The clerk of the old House first asks if it is the pleasure of the members that he should proceed to open the House. This is at twelve o'clock of the first day of the meeting, the first Monday in December. He then calls the members by states. A quorum having answered to their names, he asks if it is the pleasure of the House to proceed to the election