by esteem, which is created by like faculties of the soul. It is the love which is produced by beholding God's image: the brightness and effulgence of which will depend on the Divinity in the heart in which it dwells. It is the moral principle, the holy love and aspiration, which constitute what is high and lofty in man. There is a spiritual beauty which owes all its brightness and splendor to the blossoms and fruit of Christianity. On this basis should the characters of the young be formed. It is not always that those in high stations exhibit this moral beauty. It is one of the most elevated tasks imposed on man, to form the character and establish the principles of his fellow-man: to create in the child motives to virtue, to industry, love, and knowledge. It is not often the case that those in high stations have time and opportunity to cultivate those principles which influence the life and conversation. Esteem is produced by the cultivation of virtuous principles. Seek not the esteem of those in high stations, for there you often find pride and ostentation. The most delicate ware soonest breaks; the most costly vessels are unfit for common use. More directness, simplicity, and courtesy, are manifested in the higher walks of life; but in that which apes it, there is least. This class owe their elevation to wealth here are found oftenest the heartless man. The virtue which exhibits itself in obscurity is of a purer kind. It is uninfluenced by exterior forms or objects. Titles and honors may be an ornament to the possessor, but do not always belong to those worthy of esteem. Seek the esteem of the virtuous, without regard to sect in religion or distinctive appellations: those who are earth's nobles: who exert the highest principle, whose under.

standings are cultivated; whose love of truth, goodness, and right, endure, and whose precepts are worthy of them, and whose example should be followed. The mother, if worthy of her name, should have the love and esteem of the child. She can exert a greater influence than any or all others, in the formation of his character to honor and virtue. And when she does it, she is worthy of higher honor than the prince or potentate. She must teach by example as well as precept.

The power of precept joined with example, cannot be doubted. In a common conveyance, the writer not long since was shocked by frequent imprecations from one of the hands he asked him if he could not dispense with these expletives. He plead habit as an excuse; but in his presence abstained afterwards, and performed every request with alacrity and gratuitously. Those whose principles are founded in the eternal laws of justice, of truth, and love, are entitled to esteem, and should be sought for friends. More sagacity is required to train the young than rule a state. Constant watchfulness and prudence are required to guide them. They should be taught to look for friends who will stand by them in adversity, in the hour of need; who will neither ask any thing wrong, or do it when asked; those who will direct you in the right way: who will reprove you when wrong, and correct you when in error. The good alone will nurture you for the companionship of the good. In common life, the master spirit forms a circle of which it is the centre and when it is guided by the high principles of honor and truth, should be imitated. The most marked exhibition of this superiority in modern times, was in the little corporal with his violet flowers, gray

surtout, and tri-colored cockade. In war all bowed to him as a mighty spirit. Young men should seek the society of those above them: of men whose experience in life can benefit them.

In this age of miracles in physical science, you have seen the most powerful and destructive agents of nature subdued and trained to perform the wishes of man. In an instant of time they communicate to remote regions the sorrows, sufferings, and love, and joy, of their fellows. Gigantic strength and rapidity of performance characterize these agents of nature, trained to perform the duties of man. May not these very powers be instrumental in cementing and increasing friendship among kindred races and kindred beings: harmony in the social and virtue in the moral world? Should progress be made in science, in art, and morals remain at a stand? Love of shining dust should not prevent the effort to spread truth. The esteem of the good will nurture you for endurance in the cause of right, and profit you amid the fluctuating scenes of life, and finally fit you for death, the end of life.

NOTE.

66

The foregoing Maxims were originally written and given to a son, with the desire of being useful to him, whose body now sleeps in the city of silence. They have since been copied for one whom he can say, very pleasant hast thou been unto me." He had endeared himself to him by courtesy and kindness. Courtesy Lord Chatham defines to be little benevolences, "Sir, will you take this apple-these plums-I do not want them." "Let me do this for you, I had rather do it than not."

The last was given to a young man, the son of a worthy clergyman, whọ sought our confidence, and desired our experience and observation for his guide in life.

CONCLUSION.

In the foregoing treatise, the endeavor has been to inculcate that knowledge which is essential to the citizen: to open to him a field which may, if properly cultivated, produce fruit that will add much to his pleasure and profit.

The subjects treated upon, are among the most important that can be suggested, or which can engage the attention of man. The harmony of the world is dependent on human laws and the right execution of them. Its source and origin is in the Supreme Lawgiver, and it is his voice that preserves order and harmony in this lower world. Even beyond this sphere, we perceive the power of law all things do it honor, and all things feel its directing hand both on the earth beneath and heaven above. It is through a knowledge of the laws of our nature, that our lives are preserved. And the penalties and penance of a violation of the physical laws of our nature, are equally great with the violation of municipal or Divine law. To use air and exercise, are as absolute an injunction by the Divine law as the performance of any command of the municipal law. For this reason air forty miles deep or more has been poured out of nature's laboratory all round the earth. The confinement in a close room breeds disease and produces death: it dete

riorates and renders poisonous the air we breathe. Ventilate the room as you will, a small room will cause the air to deteriorate. The air which sustains animal life when breathed, has one part in twenty-one which is destructive of animal life: by being breathed the deleterious properties are increased to five parts. The Black Hole in Calcutta tells the doleful tale of breathing air that is impure: 146 persons were confined ten hours in a room eighteen feet square; although there was an aperture for light and air, only twenty-three survived, and some of these were seized with typhus fever. The want of exercise, though not equally deleterious, is one of the causes which destroys the athletic and vigorous properties of the limbs.

It is not the body alone which suffers and does penance, but the mind is enfeebled and loses with the limbs its natural vigor and strength. Take two children, and the one shall be sprightly, active and intelligent, and the other dull and sleepy shut up the active child, keep him away from associates, place the Bible and Psalm-book before him, and compel him to read these books and no others, and he will become stupid in mind and want the quickness of thought which the other possesses. Their natures and appearance will be changed. When let out he will be tantalized by the companions of his age: and the points which stick up will be rubbed down by them without fear or favor. The knowledge of the world he will learn with much pain: no estimated value can be placed upon the knowledge acquired by intercourse with equals. The violation of the municipal law we learn, is not taught early in our ordinary schools. The child hears of murder and the execution of the murderer, but does not appreciate his guilt, or know what constitutes his