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O'Connell and the Agitation for Repeal of the Union-Early Life of the Agitator-Character of his Oratory
-Question as to the Purity of his Motives-The " Repeal Year" (1843)-Methods by which O'Connell
worked on Irish Opinion-Open-air Gatherings on the Repeal Question-Extravagant Speeches of
O'Connell---Crowning of the Liberator on the Hill of Tara-Prohibition of a Proposed Meeting at Clontarf
-Arrest of the Chief Agitators-Trial, Condemnation, and Sentences-The Convictions Annulled by the
House of Lords-Release of O'Connell, and Final Years of his Life-Effect of the Prosecution on the
Government of Sir Robert Peel-Death of Prince Albert's Father-Visit of the Prince to Saxe-Coburg-
Gotha-His Presents to the Queen on her Birthday (1844)-Visits of the King of Saxony and the
Emperor of Russia to England-Appearance and Manners of the Emperor-Political Objects of Nicholas
in Visiting London-His Designs on Turkey-Memorandum of Agreement between the Czar and the
English Government-Jealousy on the Part of the French-Ministerial Crisis in the Summer of 1844-
Sir James Graham and the Opening of Letters at the Post Office-Disagreement with France with
Respect to the Island of Tahiti-The Pritchard Affair-Queen Pomare and Queen Victoria-Anxieties
of the English Court as to the Maintenance of Peace-The Ashburton Treaty with the United States 151
CHAPTER X.
DAYS OF PEACEFUL DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS.
Visit of the Prince of Prussia to England-Christening of Prince Alfred at Windsor Castle-Second Visit to
the Highlands in the Autumn of 1844-Louis Philippe in England-His Reception at Windsor-Inter-
change of Courtesies between English and French Officers-Opening of the New Royal Exchange by
the Queen-Letters of her Majesty and Prince Albert on the Occasion-Scientific Progress: the Electric
Telegraph, Photography, Lord Rosse's Telescope, the Thames Tunnel, and Arctic Exploration-Trac-
tarian Difficulties in the Church-Purchase of Osborne by the Queen-Visits of her Majesty and the
Prince to Stowe and Strathfieldsaye-Opening of Parliament by the Queen (Feb. 4th, 1845)-Financial
Statement of Sir Robert Peel-Reduction and Abolition of Duties-Acrimonious Debates on the Pro-
posed Queen's Colleges in Ireland, and the Increase of the Maynooth Grant-Retirement of Mr.
Gladstone from the Ministry-Admission of Jews to Municipal Offices-Results of Sir Robert Peel's
Financial Policy-Economy in the Royal Household-Project for Making Prince Albert King Consort-
The Chief Command of the Army
170
Borneo and Sir James Brooke-Cession of Labuan to Great Britain-" Constitutionalism" in the Sand-
wich Islands-State of the Colonies-Unsuccessful Attack on Madagascar-Commencement of the
Overland Route to India-Decline in the Popularity of Sir Robert Peel-Rise of Mr. Disraeli and the
"Young England" Party-Generous Support of Peel by the Queen and Prince Albert-Offer of the
Garter to Sir Robert, which he Declines-Position of the Premier towards the Aristocracy-Increas-
ing Weakness of the Government-Dangerous State of Ireland-Prince Albert on the Political Situation
-Visit of the Queen to Belgium and Prussia-Splendid Reception in the latter Country-Speech of
the King of Prussia at Bonn-The Illuminations at Cologne-Prince Albert and Baron von Humboldt
-Reception of the Royal Visitors in Bavaria, at Coburg, and at Gotha-The Queen at the Native
Place of her Husband-Excursion to the Thuringian Forest-Other Incidents of the German Visit-
Second Visit of the Queen and Prince Albert to Louis Philippe at the Château d'Eu-Duplicity of the
King-Return of the Royal Party to England-Spread of Railway Enterprise in Great Britain—The
Railway Mania and Panic of 1845-6-Increasing Strength of the Free Trade Movement-The Potato
Disease in Ireland-Threatenings of Famine-Sir Robert Peel and Free Trade-Letter of Lord John
Russell to the Electors of the City of London-Ministerial Crisis-Return of Sir Robert Peel to Power 187
CHAPTER XII.
THE MINISTRY OF RENUNCIATION.
The Times Reveals a Secret of State-Mr. Sidney Herbert and Mrs. Norton and the Times-A Court
Scandal-Peel's Resignation-Lord John Russell's Failure to Form a Ministry-Peel Resumes Office-
The Ministry and the Queen-The Duke of Wellington and Peel-Disintegration of the Tory Party—
Croker's Correspondence with Wellington-Peel's Instructions to the Quarterly Review-A Betrayed
Editor-Peel and the Princess Lieven-Guizot's Defence of Peel-The Queen's Conduct in the Great
Crisis-How she Strengthened the Position of the Crown-Her Popular Sympathies-Why Peel Changed
his Policy-The Potato Rot-Impending Famine-Distress in England-The Campaign of the Free
Traders-Scenes at their Meetings-The Protectionist Agitation and the Agricultural Labourers-
Sufferings of the Poor-The Duke of Norfolk's Curry Powder-Meeting at Wootton Bassett-The Queen
and the Sufferers .
205
-
CHAPTER XIII.
THE FREE TRADE PARLIAMENT.
PAG
Opening of Parliament in 1846-The Queen's Speech-The Debate on the Address-Sir Robert Peel's State-
ment-Mr. Disraeli's Philippics-Bishop Wilberforce on Peel's Reception by the House of Commons-
Peel's Mistake Lord George Bentinck's Attack on Prince Albert-The Queen's Explanations--
The Court and the Peelites-The Corn Bill in the House of Lords-Lord Stanley's Political Dinner-
Party-The Duke of Wellington and the Peers-Triumph in the Lords and Defeat in the Commons
-Peel's Coercion Bill for Ireland-A Factious Opposition-Fall of the Government-Lord Aberdeen's
Adroit Diplomacy-The Oregon Controversy and its Settlement-The Government's Policy in India-
War in the Punjab-Victories over the Sikhs-Resignation of the Ministry-The Queen's Farewell to
Peel-Her Suggestion of a Coalition-Wellington and Cobden Advise Peel to Dissolve-Reasons for his
Refusal-The Queen and the Duke of Wellington-The Duke's Letter to Lord John Russell-Lyndhurst
and Reconstruction-Disintegration of the Tory Party-The Peelites in Opposition-A Hint from Aristo-
phanes-Tory Persecution of Peel.
CHAPTER XIV.
THE FIRST RUSSELL ADMINISTRATION.
The Transfer of Ministerial Offices-The Whigs Patronise Mr. Cobden-A Radical in the New Cabinet-
The Peelites Refuse to Take Office-Lord Campbell as Chancellor of the Duchy-Anecdote of his
Installation-Lord John Russell's Deportment to the Queen-His Modest Programme-The Abolition
of the Sugar Duties-Bishop Wilberforce and Slave-grown Sugar-Outrages in Ireland-The Whigs
become Coercionists-Their Arms Act-Mutiny among Ministerialists-The Bill Dropped-The Alter-
native Policy-Relief Works for Ireland-A Military Scandal-Indignation in the Country-Abuse of
Corporal Punishment in the Army-"The Cat" in the House of Commons-The Queen's Views on
Military Punishment-The Queen and a Deserter's Death-Warrant-Captain Layard's Motion-The
Duke of Wellington's Interference-Restrictions on the Use of the Lash-England and the Colonies-
Canada and Free Trade-Nova Scotia and the Potato Famine-The Halifax, Quebec, and Montreal
Railway-The New Zealand War-The Caffre War-The Expedition to Borneo-End of the Anglo-
Chinese Difficulty-The "Spanish Marriages" and the Treaty of Utrecht-Louis Philippe's Intrigues
with the Queen Dowager Christina-Secret History of the Conspiracy-M. Guizot's Pretext-How the
English Minister at Madrid was Deceived - Lord Palmerston's Indiscreet Despatch - The Queen's
Cutting Letter to the Queen Marie Amélie-Metternich's Caustic Epigram-Prince Albert's Resent-
ment against the King of the French-End of the Anglo-French Alliance-Fall of the Republic of
Cracow
CHAPTER XV.
HOME LIFE AND SOCIAL EVENTS IN 1846.
Prince Albert and the Home Farm-Royalty and the Windsor Vestry-The New Home at Osborne-The
Birth of the Princess Helena-The Visit of Ibrahim Pasha-A Royal Christening-The Queen's Loneli-
ness-Visitors at Osborne-A Cruise in Summer Seas-The "Lop" of the Channel-In the Channel
Islands-The Duke of Cornwall in his Duchy-Exploring the South Coast-The Queen Acts as the
Family Tutor-Her Majesty among the Iron-miners-The House-warming at Osborne-Baron Stockmar's
Impressions of the Queen-Some German Visitors-A Dinner-Party at Windsor-The Baroness Bunsen's
Picture of the Scene-The Royal Visits to Hatfield and Arundel --Social Movements in 1846-Dr.
Hook's Pamphlet on Education-Origin of Secularism-The Triumphs of Science-Faraday's Researches
-Laying of the First Submarine Cable at Portsmouth-The Use of Ether in Surgery-Evil Tidings
from Starving Ireland.
CHAPTER XVI.
A DISTRESSFUL COUNTRY.
The Irish Crisis-Famine and Free Trade-Evictions and Imports-Fiscal Policy and Small Holdings-
Shocking Scenes among the Irish People-The Mistake of the Government-Lord John Russell's
Relief Measure Rejected by his Colleagues-An Autumnal Cabinet Meeting-Opening of Parliament--
The Queen and the Distress-The Remedial Measures of the Government-Rival Schemes of the Pro-
tectionists-Lord George Bentinck's Railway Subsidies Bill-A Rival Ministerial Scheme-The Attack
on the Bank Act of 1844-The Currency Controversy-Peel on a Convertible Currency-The Effect of
the Railway Mania-Blaming the Bank-The Education Question-Opposition of Dissenters-Colonisa-
tion and Emigration-Lord Lincoln's Motion-Is Emigration a Remedy for a Redundant Population?-
The Cabinet and the Ten Hours Bill-Mr. Fielden's Victory-Opposition of Manufacturers-Evading
the Act-The Budget-The Queen and the Duchy of Lancaster-Lord Campbell and the Queen-A
Famous Duchy Dinner-Privy Councillors at "High Jinks"-Death of Lord Bessborough-Lord Clarendon
Appointed Irish Viceroy-Death of O'Connell-Growing Weakness of the Cabinet-Prorogation of Par-
liament-Dissolution-The General Election-The State of Parties-Appalling Outrages in Ireland
Another Commercial Panic-Suspension of the Bank Act-The Queen and Sir Robert Peel-Parliament
Summoned-A Coercion Bill for Ireland-Ireland and the Vatican-Lord Palmerston's Correspondence
with Lord Minto-Denunciations of the Queen's Colleges -Projected Renewal of Diplomatic Relations
with Rome-Lord Palmerston's Objections-The Jews in Parliament-New Bishops-The Hampden Con
troversy-Baffled Heresy-hunters
220
214
259
272
CONTENTS.
Vii
CHAPTER XVII.
THE COURT AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
Lord George Bentinck's Imprudence-French Intrigues in Portugal-England and the Junta-A Vulgar
Suspicion-The Duke of Wellington and National Defences-The Duke's Threatened Resignation--
The Queen Soothes Him-Famine in the Queen's Kitchen-Royal Hospitalities-The Queen's Country
Dance-A German Impostor-Discovery of Chloroform-The Royal Visit to Cambridge-Prince Albert's
Installation as Chancellor of the University-Awkward Dons-Anecdotes of the Queen at Cambridge
-Royalty and Heraldry-The Visit to Scotland-Highland Loyalty-A Desolate Retreat-Politics and
Sport at Ardverikie-A New Departure in Foreign Policy-Lord Minto's Mission-The Queen's Views
-Prince Albert's Caution to Lord John Russell-The Queen's Amusements at Ardverikie-A Regretful
Adieu-Home Again
PAGE
301
CHAPTER XVIII
REVOLUTION.
At Osborne-Beginnings of Revolution-The Reform Banquets in Paris-Lola Montes and the King of
Bavaria-Downfall of Louis Philippe's Government-Flight of the King-Establishment of the Second
Republic-The Queen and the Orleans Family-The Chartist Movement-Its Secret History-Its Leaders
-The Queen Retreats to Osborne-The Chartist Meeting at Kennington-London in Terror-The Duke of
Wellington's Precautions-Abortive Risings at Bonner's Fields and in Seven Dials-Riots in the Large
Towns Collapse of Chartism-Ireland and the "Young Irelanders "--The Rebellion of "'48"-The Battle
of the Cabbage Garden-Arrest of Smith O'Brien and the "Young Ireland" Leaders-Austria and
Prussia in Anarchy-Flight of Metternich-The Berlin Mob and the King-Anxiety of the English
Court-The Queen's Correspondence with her Half-Sister-The Anglo-Spanish Quarrel-Sir H. Bulwer
Expelled from Madrid-The Queen's Indignation at Lord Palmerston-Conversation between the
Queen and Lord John Russell-Palmerston's Victory-The "Three Budget" Session--The Anti-Income-
Tax Agitation-Blundering in Finance-"Scenes in Parliament-Irish and Colonial Controversies-The
Encumbered Estates Act-Repressive Legislation-Dawn of the Reform Agitation.
CHAPTER XIX.
AT WORK AND PLAY.
322
The Queen's Administrative Work-The Condition-of-England Question-The Court and the Working Classes
-Royal Plans for Ameliorating the Lot of Labour-Threatened Attacks on the Queen-The Esmagogues
Abashed-A Royal-Hearted Speech-The Queen's Private Correspondence-A Pension Fund for the
Working Classes-Pauperism among Domestic Servants-Prince Albert's Relief Plan-Birth and
Christening of the Princess Louise-The Court at Osborne-Removal to Balmoral-The Queen at Kirk
-A Royal Geologist-Sir Charles Lyell's Anecdotes of the Royal Family-An Accident in the Solent
-Prince Albert as a University Reformer-Death of Lord Melbourne and Lord George Bentinck.
CHAPTER XX.
DISCONTENTED DEPENDENCIES.
Reaction in England in 1849-Attacks in Parliament on the Queen's Speech-Gagging Parliament-The Last
Dying Struggle of the Protectionists-Repeal of the Navigation Laws-The Tory Attack on the Bishops
-Protectionist Plans for Reducing Local Taxation-Coercion for Ireland-Peel's Generosity to the
Whigs Explained-Irish Mendicity and English Grants in Aid-A Policy of Pauperism and Doles-Small
Minds in a Great Crisis-Peel's Comprehensive Plan for Relieving Ireland-The Break-down of the Poor
Law-The Queen and the Irish Landlords - Prince Albert's Project for Reforming the Irish Poor
Rate-Scandals at the Colonial Office-Ceylon-Demerara and Canada-The Loyal Rebels of Canada-
Riots in Montreal-Attacks on Lord Elgin-An Examination and Defence of his Policy-The Test of
Results-"Be Just and Fear Not".
CHAPTER XXI.
COLONIAL HOME RULE AND FINANCIAL REFORM.
Mr. Roebuck and Emigration-Self-Government and the Colonies -Unsympathetic Whig Policy-Radicals
and the Colonial Office-The Peelites and Hudson's Bay Company-Financial Reform-Mr. Cobden
at Variance with Mr. Bright-Combined Agitators-The Demand for Retrenchment-Trade and the
Flag-Tories and Taxes-A reductio ad absurdum-A Raid on a Surplus-International Arbitration
--Parliamentary Reform-Parliament and the Jews-The Tories oppose the Alteration of the Parlia-
mentary Oath-Episcopal Prejudice-Tory Obstructionists-An Ordnance Department Scandal-Mr.
Delane's Attacks on Lord Palmerston in the Times-The Queen Remonstrates against Lord Palmer-
ston's Recklessness-An Anti-Palmerstonian Cabal-Lady Palmerston's Intrigues-Lord Brougham
Betrays the Cabal-Palmerston's Victory-Rome and France-The Sikh War-The Disaster of Chil-
lian walla-Indignation of the Country-Lord Gough's Recall-Napier to the Rescue-The East India
Directors Oppose Napier's Appointment -The Convict War at the Cape-Boycotting the Governor
357
371
385
CHAPTER XXII.
FAMILY CARES AND ROYAL DUTIES.
Education of the Prince of Wales-Selection of Mr. Birch as Tutor-The Queen's Jealousy of her Parental
Authority-Her Letter to Melbourne on the Management of Her Nursery-Her Ideas on Education-
Prince Albert's Plans for the Education of the Prince of Wales-Stockmar's Advice-The Visit to
Ireland-" Rebel Cork" en fête-The Queen at Waterford-The Visit to Dublin-Viceregal Festivi-
ties-The Visit to the National Model Schools-Shiel's Speech-The Queen and the Duke of Leinster-
Farewell at Kingstown-The Queen Dips the Royal Ensign-Loyal Ulster-The Visit to the Linen
Hall-Lord Clarendon on the Queen's Visit-A Cruise on the Clyde-Home in Balmoral--The Queen's
"Bothie "The Queen's University of Ireland-First Plans for the Great Exhibition-Opening of the
London Coal Exchange-The Queen's Barge-Death of Queen Adelaide .
CHAPTER XXIII.
CLOUDS IN THE EAST AND ELSEWHERE.
Political Wreckage-Force triumphs over Opinion-The State of France-Election of Prince Charles Louis
Bonaparte as Prince-President-The Sad Plight of Italy-Palmerston's Anti-Austrian Policy-Defeat
of Piedmont-The Fall of Venice-Fall of the Roman Republic-A Cromwellian Struggle in Prussia-
The Queen's Partisanship-Her Prussian Sympathies-The Hungarian Refugees in Turkey--A Diplo-
matic Conflict with Russia--Opening of Parliament-Mr. Disraeli and Local Taxation-Parliamentary
Reform-The Jonahs of the Cabinet-The Dispute with Greece-Don Pacifico's Case-Coercion of
Greece-Lord Palmerston meekly accepts an Insult from Russia-French Intervention-A Diplomatic
Conflict in France-Recall of the French Ambassador-False Statements in Parliament-The Queen's
Indignation-The Don Pacifico Debate-The Civis Romanus sum Doctrine-Palmerston's Victory-
The West African Slave Trade
. 403
420
CHAPTER XXIV.
SOME EPOCH-MARKING LEGISLATION.
Lord John Russell's Colonial Bill-Mr. Gladstone's Scheme for Colonial Church Courts-The Colonial
Bills Mangled-More English Doles for Ireland-An Irish Reform Bill-Lord John Russell Proposes to
Abolish the Lord-Lieutenancy-The Queen's Irish Policy-Her Offer to Establish a Royal Residence in
Ireland-The Bungled Budget-The Demand for Retrenchment-The Tories Insist on a Reduction of
Official Salaries-Lord John Russell's Commission on the Universities-The Queen and the Church-
The Ecclesiastical Appeals Bill-The "Gorham" Case-Death of Peel-The Queen's Sorrow-Peel's
Character and Career-The Queen's Alarm about Prince Albert's Health-The Coming Exhibition-
The Commandership-in-Chief-Pate's Assault on the Queen-Attacks on Prince Albert -The Queen
and Lord Palmerston-The Haynau Incident
66
CHAPTER XXV.
FALL OF THE WHIG CABINET.
Debates on "No Popery"- Mutiny of the Irish Brigade - Defeat of Lord John Russell - Lord Stanley
sent for "-Timid Tories-Lord Stanley's Interviews with the Queen-A Statesman's "Domestic
Duties"-Is Coalition Possible?-The Queen's Mistake-The Duke of Wellington's Advice-Return of
the Whigs to Office-The Queen's Aversions-The "No Popery" Bill Reduced to a Nullity-Another
Bungled Budget-The Income Tax Controversy-The Pillar of Free Trade-The Window Tax and
the House Duty-The Radicals and the Slave Trade-King "Bomba" and Mr. Gladstone-Cobden on
General Disarmament-Palmerston in a Millennial Mood-The Whig-Peelite Intrigue-The Queen and
the Kossuth Demonstrations-Another Quarrel with Palmerston-A Merry Council of State
438
463
CHAPTER XXVI.
THE FESTIVAL OF PEACE AND THE COUP D'ÉTAT.
The World's Fair-Carping Critics-Churlish Ambassadors Rebuked by the Queen-Opening of the Great
Exhibition-A Touching Sight-The Queen's Comments on "soi-disant Fashionables"-The Duke
of Wellington's Nosegay-Prince Albert among the Missionaries-The Queen's Letter to Lord John
Russell-Her Pride in her Husband-The London Season-The Duke of Brunswick's Balloon "Victoria"
-Bloomerism- The Queen at Macready's Farewell Benefit-The Queen's Costume Ball- -The Spanish
Beauty-An Ugly Lion"-The Queen at the Guildhall Ball-Grotesque Civic Festivities-Royal
Visits to Liverpool and Manchester-A Well-Dressed Mayor-The Queen on the "Sommerophone "—
The Coup d'Etat-The Assassins of Liberty-The Appeal to France-The Queen's Last Quarrel with
Palmerston-Palmerston's Fall-Outcry against the Queen-A "Presuming" Muscovite-The Queen's
Vindication
480
ix
CHAPTER XXVII.
A YEAR OF EXCITEMENT AND PANIC.
Cassandras in the Service Clubs-The Tories and the Queen's Speech-Lord John Russell's Triumph-
The Militia Bill-Defeat of the Russell Ministry-Fall of the Whig Cabinet-Palmerston's "Tit for
Tat"-A Protectionist Government-Novices in Office-A Cabinet of Affairs-Lord John Russell's Fatal
Blunder-Mr. Disraeli's Budget-The Second Burmese War-Dalhousie's Designs on Burmah- How
the Quarrel Grew-Lambert's Indiscretion-The Attack on Rangoon-Fall of the Citadel-Annexation
-Desultory Warfare-Dissolution of Parliament-The General Election-Equipoise of Parties-Factions
and Free Trade-Palmerston's Forecasts-Forcing the Hand of the Ministry-Death of the Duke of
Wellington-The Queen's Grief-The Nation in Mourning The Lying-in-State-Shocking Scenes-The
Funeral Pageant-The Ceremony in St. Paul's-A Veteran in Tears-The Laureate's Votive Wreath-
Review of the Duke's Character
496
CHAPTER XXVIII.
66 THE LAST YEAR OF THE GREAT PEACE."
Abortive Attacks on the Ministry-Mr. Disraeli's First Budget-Fall of the Tory Cabinet-The Queen
and Lord Aberdeen-Organising the Coalition-A Ministry of "All the Talents"- The Queen and
South Kensington-A Miser's Legacy to the Queen-Sport at Balmoral-Proclamation of the Second
Empire-The Queen Initiates a Policy-Personal Government in the Victorian Age-The "Battle of the
Numeral "-A Servile Minister-Creole Card-Parties at Kensington-Lord Malmesbury's Spies-Napoleon
III. and Mrs. Howard"-Napoleon III. Proposes to Marry the Queen's Niece-Mr. Gladstone's First
Budget-The India Bill-Lord John Russell's Education Scheme-Transportation of Convicts to
Australia Stopped-The Gold Fever in Australia-The Rush to the Diggings-The First Gold Ships in
the Thames-Gold Discoveries and Free Trade-Chagrin of the Protectionists-The Rise in Prices-
Practical Success of Peel's Fiscal Policy-Strikes and Dear Bread-End of the Great Peace
515
CHAPTER XXIX.
DRIFTING то WAR.
Origin of the Crimean War--Russia and "the Sick Man"-Coercing Turkey-The Dispute about the Holy
Places A Monkish Quarrel-Contradictory Concessions-The Czar and the Tory Ministry of 1844-
The Secret Compact with Peel, Wellington, and Aberdeen-Nesselrode's Secret Memorandum-The
Czar and Sir Hamilton Seymour-Lord John Russell's Admissions-The Czar's Bewilderment--Lord
Stratford de Redcliffe-The Marplot at Constantinople-A Hectoring Russian Envoy-The Allied
Fleets at Besika Bay-The Conference of Vienna-The Vienna Note-The Turkish Modifications-
The Case for England-The British Fleet in the Euxine-A Caustic Letter of the Queen to Lord
Aberdeen-Prince Albert's Warnings-The Massacre of Sinope-Internal Feuds in the Cabinet-
Lord John Russell's Intrigues-Palmerston's Resignation and Return-The Fire at Windsor-Birth
of Prince Leopold-The Camp at Chobham-The Czar's Daughters-Naval Review at Spithead-Royal
Visit to Ireland
CHAPTER XXX.
WAR.
The War Fever in 1854-Attacks on Prince Albert-Aberdeen's Correspondence with the Queen - The
Queen's Opinion of the Country-"Loyal, but a little mad"-Stockmar on the Constitution-Prince
Albert's Position at Court-The Privileges of a Reigning Queen's Husband-Debates on the Prince's
Position-The Peace and War Parties-Mr. Cobden's Influence-A new Vienna Note-A Challenge to
Russia-The Russian Ambassador leaves London-Recall of Sir H. Seymour from St. Petersburg-
Russian Intrigues with the German Powers-The Czar's Counter-Propositions-His Sarcastic Letter
to Napoleon III.-An Austrian Compromise - Lord Clarendon's Ultimatum to Russia-The Czar's
Reply-Declaration of War-Omar Pasha's Victories in the Principalities--The Siege of Silistria-
Evacuation of the Principalities The Rising in Greece-The Allies at the Piræus-The Allies occupy
Gallipoli-Another English Blunder-Invasion of the Crimea-The Duke of Newcastle and a Sleepy
Cabinet-Lord Raglan's Opinion on the War-The Landing of the Allies at Eupatoria-Battle of the
Alma-Death of Marshal St. Arnaud-Russian Fleet Sunk at Sebastopol-At Balaclava-The Siege of
Sebastopol-Battles of Balaclava and Inkermann-Mismanagement of the War-Public Indignation
against the Government-Mr. Roebuck's Motion-Fall of the Coalition Ministry.
540
574