Chemical Technology, Or, Chemistry, Applied to the Arts and to Manufactures, Volumen1Lea and Blanchard, 1848 |
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Chemical Technology, Or, Chemistry in Its Applications to Arts and ... Friedrich Ludwig Knapp,Thomas Richardson,Edmund Ronalds Sin vista previa disponible - 2016 |
Términos y frases comunes
alkali ammonia amount aperture apparatus becomes boiler boiling boracic acid burner burning candles carbonic acid cent chamber charcoal chemical chimney chloride of sodium cistern coal coke color combustion common salt condensed contains cooling crude crystals cubic feet cubic foot cwts decomposed decomposition dissolved distillation draught earth employed experiments fire flame flue fluid fuel furnace gases heap heat hydrate hydrogen ignited illuminating inches iron kind lamp layers light lime magnesia manner manufacture mass matter means melted mixed mixture muriatic acid nitrate nitric acid nitrogen obtained oxide oxygen palm oil passes peat pipes portion potash powder produced proportion quantity retorts rosin saltpetre saponification separate soap solution specific gravity spermaceti steam stearic acid stearine substances sulphate of soda sulphuret sulphuric acid supply surface tallow temperature tion tube vapor vessel weight whilst whole wick wood
Pasajes populares
Página 486 - ... has an aperture in it, connected by a mouthpiece with a metal tube, which serves as a ventilating flue, and which, after passing horizontally to the centre of the chandelier, there ascends to produce draught and carry off the burnt air...
Página 253 - B, and carried to the other side, and opposite surface of the thorns, by a channel precisely similar to B. That the whole arrangement of spigots, channels, &c., may be easily managed, planks for walking are laid on both sides of A, and these are furnished with a railing. The erection for graduation here described, as it is practised in Salzhausen, is known as the " one-walled " graduation house, and is used in small works, where building material is scarce.
Página 139 - Thus the shadow thrown by wall lamps is unimportant, as the lamp itself covers the shadow : in like manner, the shadow of a common study lamp cannot be considered as a fault, being used only by one person, although its prevention is always an improvement.
Página 254 - ... dissolved in the brine as bicarbonates; all the free carbonic acid, and half of that combined with the earths, escapes, partly in passing through the pumps, and still more during graduation; and the earths are deposited as insoluble simple carbonates, whilst the greater portion of the gypsum crystallizes in consequence of the diminished amount of water.* In consequence of these depositions, the thorns become gradually covered with a thick coating, (thorn stone,) consisting of carbonates of lime,...
Página 450 - The arrangements for making the ivory-black are very simple. The dead oil, which is kept in a large reservoir, is heated by means of steam, to render it more fluid, so that it may flow through the pipe A, Fig.
Página 347 - ... of common salt, or 66 per cent. of the sample, a quantity which is never actually present. Nothing now remains to be done but to weigh the saltpetre remaining upon the filter ; there is, however, some difficulty attending this, as the solution which clings to it must first be removed. To effect this removal, the filter is spread out upon blotting paper placed upon a porous substance (a slab of gypsum, for instance), that at the expiration of twenty-four hours the saltpetre may be taken out and...
Página 422 - ... conducting the process. The soap separates on the surface, when an excess of carbonate is used, or in the presence of common salt, as a thick slimy brown mass, smelling strongly of rosin, and containing 15-8 per cent, of dry soda. The amount of water in this soap, although not exceeding 27 to 30 per cent., is, nevertheless, sufficient to communicate to the soap a smeary viscid consistence, which is not altered by long exposure to the air. The attraction of the soap for water is so great, that...
Página 251 - ... French plan, aided by a system of fagots called "graduation," and by throwing weak brine into the air and letting it fall in showers on high piles of brush, and other analogous methods to increase evaporation. The greater number of these springs, however, are far too dilute, with the existing prices of salt, to repay the cost of evaporation by means of fuel. At Salzhausen, for instance, the production of 100 pounds of salt presupposes the evaporation of about 339 cubic feet of brine.
Página 485 - ... eight parts (by weight) of oxygen to form water. A London Argand gas lamp, in a closed shop window, will produce in four hours, two pints and a half of water. A pound of oil also produces nearly three pounds of carbonic acid, and a pound of gas two and a-half pounds of carbonic acid. For every cubic foot of gas burnt, rather more than a cubic foot of carbonic acid is produced. As carbonic acid is a deadly poison, an atmosphere containing even one-tenth of it is fatal to animal life. The various...
Página 162 - Peckston, in an eight hours' distillation the relative quantities of gas given off are. in the first hour 20, in the second 15, in the third 14, in the fourth nearly 13, in the fifth 12, in the sixth 10, in the seventh 9, and in the eighth about 8 per cent, of the whole quantity, when the fire is uniform and the vessels are constantly at a red heat. The cubic foot at the end, therefore, costs 21 times as much as at the beginning.