68. Supplejack (Ka-0. Liliacea; G. Rhipogonum ; S. R. scandens. reao)

..

69. Flax (harakeke, O. Liliacea; G. Phormium; S. Ph. tenax.

etc.)

70. Convolvulus

Profuse in swamps and elsewhere throughout the islands.
Used as hemp and flax.

.O. Convolvulaceae; G. Convolvulus. Five species
-mostly white or rose-hued.

71. Alectryon (Titoki)O. Sapindacea; G. Alectryon; S. A. excelsum. A fine large forest tree.

72. Tutu or Tupaki ...O. Coriariæ; G. Coriaria; S. C. ruscifolia.

A large bush, with deep green leaves. "The juice of the berries is purple and affords a grateful beverage to the natives." The fruit hangs in thick fringes. The seeds "produce convulsions, delirium, and death.”

73. Coffee-bush (Ka-)0. Rubiaceae (?) G. Coprosma (?) Several species. ramu) Fruit and seeds like small coffee berries, in scarlet colour, arrangement, and taste.

74. Kowhai (scarlet) O. Leguminosa; G. Clianthus; S. C. puniceus. "One of the most beautiful plants known." Long fringes of crimson flowers, like lobster-claws (boiled), or in the natives' eyes, parrots' bills; so they call it ‘gnutu-kaka' the parrot-billed.

Kowhai (yellow) O. Leguminosæ; G. Sophora; S. S. tetraptera. or Locust tree......... An acacia-like tree with abundant yellow pendent flowers.

.O. Coniferæ; G. Podocarpus; S. P. totara.
"The Swamp-totara, P. dacrydioides, grows to 150 feet
in height. P. totara, from which canoes are made," to
a less height. "Bark used for roofing."

O. Anacardiacea; G. Corynocarpus; S. C.
lævigata.

"Tree, forty feet high; berries, two to three inches long;" orange-coloured, eaten as food.

..O. Pittosporeæ; G. Pittosporum; S. P. cornifolium.

A large shrub; many varieties; leaves of some highly scented.

78. Kiekie (parasite) O. Pandaneæ; G. Freycinetia; S. Freycinetia

Banksii.

"A lofty climber; the bracts and young spikes make a very sweet preserve." Grows in forks of trees, etc. Fleshy leaves of flower like soft, bitter-sweet apple.

79. Rimu-tree

O. Coniferæ; G. Dracrydium; S. D. cupressinum.

"Tree pyramidal, branches weeping, trunk eighty feet high, four to five feet diameter."

"

80. Fungus-balls ......O. Fungi; Sub-order, Gasteromycetes; Tribe,

Trichogastres.

"Hymenium or fructifying surface, dries up into a dusty mass of microscopic threads or spores."

81. Fern-root............O. Filices; G. Pteris; S. Pteris aquilina, of which a variety is, Pteris esculenta-edible fern. "Common in the south temperate zone."

82. Kumara (sweet)0. Convolvulacea; G. Ipomoea; S. Batatus potato) Jedulis.

83. Taro

84. Toë-toë

85. Mánuka

86. Green (Raupo)

.O. Pandaneæ (Aroideæ); G. Caladum; S.
Caladum esculentum.

"A staple article of food in many parts of the Old World."
A root something like the kumara-but whiter, firmer,
and less sweet.

. (See note 87.)

The term "toë!" alluding to the light large flower of this grass is used metaphorically precisely as we use the word "chaff."

.....O.

Myrtacea; G. Leptospermum ; S. L. scoparium, or L. ericoides.

"A large shrub or small tree; leaves used as tea in Tasmania and Australia, where the plant is equally abundant." In the poem it is called indiscriminately manuka, broom, broom-like myrtle, or leptosperm. The settlers often call it 'tea-broom.'

rushes O. Typhacea; G. Typha; S. T. angustifolia. "Extensively used for making walls."

87. Sword-grass) O. Gramineæ; G. Arundo; S. A. conspicua.

(Toë-toë)

88. Ferns

.."The largest New Zealand grass; confined to these islands; culms three to eight (ten) feet high; used for thatch and lining houses with reed-work. Flowers very like those of Panama grass.'

"

Sir J. D. Hooker describes 120 ferns-forty-five species and one genus being peculiar to New Zealand; sixty common to it, Australia and Tasmania; and nine to it and Great Britain. There are in all from 147 to 150 varieties.

89. Azolla-stains ......O. Marsiliaceæ; G. Azolla; S. A. rubra. "Plant floating, forming small red patches."

All the above names and all the remarks included in inverted commas are from Sir J. D. Hooker's Flora of New Zealand.

2.-BIRDS, INSECTS, ETC.

90. Hoopoë-feathers Fam. Upupidæ ; Heteralocha Acutirostris.

A beautiful bird; black shining plumage; tips of tailfeathers white; bright orange wattles. "That it possesses strong affinities to the Hoopoës is certain." -Dr. Buller, History of New Zealand Birds.

91. Wingless locust Deinacrida heterocantha.

"

From some rough unscientific notes on this (not attractive) insect I made years ago I extract the following:"This curious locust is found in soft decaying trees; its body and hind legs are in shape like a grasshopper's; its colour is pale reddish or yellowish white beneath, and, up the edges of the abdominal rings, head, and back, deep brown. The head of the male is set on perpendicularly, with a hard round forehead, like an elephant's, the head being with the jaws two-thirds as long as the rest of the body. Eyes staring and prominent, two very long antennæ' (sometimes, says Dieffenbach, with the body reaching to fourteen inches) "between them; the labrum long and large; from beneath it falls a fleshy kind of curtain, triangular, on a broad neck, which it raises and lets fall like a portcullis, over the two enormous toothed mandibles hanging on each side curving towards each other at their ends; black and an eighth of an inch in breath and thickness each, which increase the resemblance to the elephant's head, etc... (Much more about geniculated palpi,' 'fleshy tongue,' etc.) Tibiæ of hind legs have a row of strong spines at the back, on each side, projecting outwards. . It has a large stomach opening into a gizzard, which is of really beautiful structure; more than one-eighth of an inch in diameter, bluish-white in colour, oval-shaped, hard; cut open, shows interior surface fluted with a number of toothed or serrated ridges meeting at the ends like lines on a currant or meridian lines on a globe; the green vegetable-looking wet ground contents of stomach evidently passed through it. These creatures hop feebly, and being teased, run towards the teasing object as if butting with the head. They smell like shrimps or shell-fish.'

92. Green parra-Psittacidae; two species, Platycercus Auriceps

keet.

Jand P. Novæ Zealandiæ.

First has a yellow, second a crimson crest.
plumage bright grass green."- BULLER.

"General

93. Kingfisher ......Alcedinidæ ; Halcyon vagans.

94. Ichneumon fly ...Ichneumonidæ.

The species alluded to is about the size and shape of a wasp; thorax pure golden; abdomen bright ruddy brown; both very hard.

95. Whitebait.........Eleotris basalis.-Abundant.

96. Crayfish. ............three or four inches long are caught in abundance in the

97. ‘Tui,’ the Par

central lakes in manner described.

son-bird or Melliphagidae; Prosthemadera Nova Zealandiæ.
Poe-bird of" Splendid bird-woods resound with its tuneful notes."—
KNIGHT'S Museum of Animated Nature.
Capt. Cook.

98.-Hawk

99. Cicada

.Falconidæ.

The most common species appears to be the Cercus
Gouldi: or New Zealand Harrier.-BULLER.

.Cicadidæ ; Cicada cingulata or Cruentata (?) These beautiful insects abound in the Islands-biggest one and half inch long, near half inch broad at the head.

100. Night-hawk or Strigida; Spiloglaux Nova Zealandiæ: (Buller). The "morepork" of the colonists.

New Zealand

Owl

101. Jelly-fish ......... C. Acalephæ; O. Pulmonigrada; G. Medusæ.

Size of a dinner-plate and smaller; abound in the bays and harbours; some beautifully marked on the upper surface of disc with radiating scarlet lines.

102. Korimako......... Melliphagidae; Anthornis melanura.

103. Lizard

104. Phasmid.

....

.Scincidæ ; Hinulia N. Zealandica (Gray).

The O. Orthoptera; G. Phasmidæ. 'Walking Several species in New Zealand: mostly admirable Stick " imitations of withered twigs or sticks; one with wings like delicate leaves. Some are brilliant green, covered with thorns-like new shoots of some plants. In my rough notes, alluded to above, is the following description of some of these very interesting insects, kept under a tumbler:-"These creatures are slow in their movements; leave any limb in the position you place it in; legs sticking up in the air like sprays of branches. The forelegs are joined to the body by a sort of foot

VOL. I.

X

stalk thinner and tinged with red exactly like the
petioles or leaf-stalks of some plants; curious, as these
legs can most conveniently be kept up in the air. Bodies
and limbs long and slender; three to six or seven inches
in length-from an eighth to a quarter of an inch in
thickness; colour, pale brown inclined to grey, like dry
sticks. Along their backs are rows of protuberances
like incipient thorns. The female laid several eggs,
eighth of an inch in length, oblong, grey, or French
white in colour, dry and looking exceedingly like seeds
of plants; but crack in breaking and are full of a yellow
liquid like yolks of bird's eggs. If the outer skin of the
egg dried and broke off on being touched-the yolk
had hardened into a gold-coloured grain. They
thrust out their forelegs like antennæ, though they have
two of these latter. As they walk they frequently stop
and sway their stick-like bodies, on their legs as if on
springs, from side to side, with a slow regular motion,
ceasing gradually, as if shaken by a light wind. Stride
along pretty quickly if much handled or alarmed.
they will remain a considerable time in any attitudes
they may be thrown into, upon their own or each others'
backs, perfectly motionless; with their long slender
legs up in the air: mimics to the last. They have nine
abdominal rings, not very strongly marked, but like
small bamboo. Eyes of the colour of their bodies; feet
hooked. They will stand upright on two hind legs and
tail if so placed, their arms (as you are tempted to call
them) or rather their middle pair of legs stretched out
and upwards, motionless; their forelegs and antennæ
held perpendicular and close-joined as if a continuation
of their body, which is no thicker. As they
walk they lift their legs high off the ground as if on
stilts. These Phasmids lived a fortnight or more
among manuka-sprigs as lively to all appearance
as ever. Then the smallest was found dead; limp and
as if sucked dry-part of its neck eaten away by its
companions, Though looking so dry externally they
seem full of a thin watery sap-like fluid."

But

105. White Crane Ardeida; Herodias flavirostris (?) (Kotuku).....The Rev. R. Taylor mentions a native (Northern Island) proverb that "A man only sees it once in a lifetime: but it is much less uncommon in the Middle Island.

106. Stock-doves...... Columbida; Columba spadicea.

107. Sultana-birds

shouldered pigeon.

Chestnut

"All the upper part and throat of this beautiful bird are of a changeable hue, with rosy-copper reflections running into brilliant iridescent tints."-KNIGHT's Museum `of Animated Nature. The other birds alluded to in this song are

F. Rallidae; G. Porphyrio.

(Pukeko)......The Poule Sultane' of the French, Pollo Sultano, It. Porphyrio Melanotus, ib. The New Zealand species has crimson bill; red legs; rich deep blue breast; rest of plumage velvet-black,