Comparative Grammar of the Modern Aryan Languages of India: To Wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and BangaliCambridge University Press, 2012 M06 7 - 330 páginas The Indo-Aryan language family is a branch of the Indo-European phylum, and includes Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Kashmiri and Gujarati. First published in 1875, this three-volume comparative grammar of the family was written by the British civil servant John Beames (1837-1902). From 1866 he spent twelve years in India, during which he gathered data for what he intended to be the first comprehensive and accurate Indo-Aryan grammar. Volume 3 focuses on verbs. It begins by describing the structure of Sanskrit verbs, showing them to be the origin of the analytical verb constructions found in Indo-Aryan languages. It then compares Indo-Aryan verbs in terms of tense and transitivity, and explores passive constructions, conditionals, and imperatives across the seven most widely spoken languages in the family. Beames' findings remain central to the work of general linguists, grammarians and language typologists. |
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Términos y frases comunes
able active added analogy ancillary aorist appear auxiliary become Bengali causal cause classical comes common compound conjugation connected construction corresponding definite derived dialects double employed ending examples existence express fact fig final find first frequently further future give given Grammar Gujarati hear Hindi idea imperative implies infinitive inserted instances languages latter literally Marathi meaning modern languages naturally neuter noun occurs ordinary origin Oriya Pali Panjabi participle pass passive past participle perhaps person phase plural poets Prakrit present present participle preserved preterite probably referred regarded remain respectively root Sanskrit seems seen sense shortened side similar simple Sindhi sing singular sometimes speak stand stem substantive syllable tenses terminations third thou throughout traces verb verbal vowel whence write