quired, to have reached from 90 to 100-fold increase. The supply of fruit of every description, both of tropical and temperate climates, is most abundant; the vegetables, too, are plentiful and excellent; and fish, both delicious and cheap, swarm in immense shoals on the coast of this and every maritime division of this extensive colony. The county is also well adapted for stock; it contains 2300 horses, 10,500 head of cattle, and 146,000 sheep, and 20,000 goats, among the former of which are a large number of the Saxo-Merino breed.

The exports of this county are principally butter, for which it obtains an unrivalled fame throughout the whole colony, equal in fact to that of the celebrated Epping of England; wool in considerable quantities, tallow, soap, hides, skins, horns, aloes, grain, and great quantities of salted beef for the use of shipping and the islands of St. Helena and Mauritius;-the contracts to supply which are held by an inhabitant of Elizabeth Town, Algoa Bay.

A considerable quantity of wine and brandy is also made in the county, but is all consumed on the frontier. Timber, too, from the Zitzikamma forests on the border of the county is an important article both of home use and export.

The following is the declared return of this county :

The county of Utenhay is well watered; the Kromme River, the Chamtoos, the Van Stodens, the Zwartkops, the Koega, Sundays, and Bushmans, are the principal streams. It is believed the Kromme and Chamtoos, which debouche in St. Francis Bay, are capable of being made navigable. A vessel belonging to the late F. Korsten, Esq., called the Utenhay Packet, of 130 tons, entered the Zwartkops; but the excellence of the neighbouring anchorage before the town of Port Elizabeth in Algoa Bay, into which the Zwartkops falls, lessened the inducement to repeat the experiment. The other rivers, although not availed of for water communication from the sea (although perhaps they might), are even now, nevertheless, of great value, and several of them are capable of being led out to water a soil of the richest description.

The scenery of many parts of this county is very pleasing, and its beauty is greatly enhanced by two fine mountain ranges-the Winterhooks and Zurebergen-of great height, which stretch across it from west to east. The summit of the last-named elevation commands one of the noblest panoramic views in the colony. The vast expanse of the Indian Ocean—the hills about Graham's Town-the Kaffrarian mountains- "Dark Katta," "Green Camalu," and the hoary Winterberg ("stern giant, gaunt and grey!")—the lively and verdant Boshberg-the rock-crested Bruges Hoot-the serrated Tanges Berg-the buttresses of the Camdeboo the blue distant Snewberg with the lofty peak of Formosa, with the sharp lines of the Winterhook; between these and the observer stretch fine and large valleys more or less fertile and inhabited. Around him beautiful forests, (still the abode of the elephant,) clothe the banks of many of the branches of the Bushman's River, which occasionally reveal themselves, like silver threads, through the dark foliage of the venerable yellow wood tree. It was in one of the gorges of this magnificent but dangerous ridge that the elder Stockenstrom lost his life, by Kafir treachery, in 1812.

The great roads are tolerably good, and, with one exception, soon to determine, like all the other roads of the colony, entirely free from toll and turnpike.

The capital of the county, also called Utenhay, is planted on the declivity of a gentle hill, flanked by a bold ridge of mountain, on the left bank of the Zwartkops River, and about fifteen miles from the sea, in a very rich and picturesque valley, supplied to excess with water by which its fertile gardens are irrigated. It contains 350 houses and 1500 inhabitants, but its growth has been greatly retarded by its more successful rival Graham's Town, the capital of the province, on one side, and the neighbouring town of Port Elizabeth, in Algoa Bay, distant twenty miles. Utenhay has frequently been recommended as the seat of the Supreme Government, which it is likely at no remote period to become. Its central position with regard to the whole colony; its proximity to the barbarian frontier, whence alone danger to the possession can be apprehended, and the consequent necessity of this being the military station of the colony; its convenient nearness to the safe and capacious harbour of Algoa

Bay; and its extraordinary capability, superior to every site within the comprehensive limits of the Cape Colony, for the erection of a noble city; all point it of necessity the most promising place of the settlement. With an almost prophetic eye to the future fortunes of this spot, the authorities, who planned the town thirty-seven years ago, laid it out on a scale worthy of such a destiny. It contains a very handsome church for the Dutch congregation just completed, a fine court-house, a clean and well conducted gaol, with other public buildings; the old English church is being repaired, and a new one is now contemplated.

PORT ELIZABETH, situated in Algoa Bay, is the seaport of this and the whole Eastern Province; and at the landing-place a considerable town has sprung up since the arrival of the British settlers in the year 1820.

Algoa Bay, called by the Portuguese Baya de la Goa, as distinguished from Rio de la Goa, appears to have been first visited by the Dutch in the year 1669. On the 25th October, 1689, a vessel (the Noord) was despatched with directions to purchase from the natives first the Bay of Natal, and in returning from that bay to visit "the Bay de la Goa, lying from 33 to 34 deg. S. latitude." It was reported by the Cape Government in 1690, that "the Bay of Natal, with some surrounding land, had been solemnly purchased for some merchandise, from the king and chiefs of those parts, on behalf of the Company, whose marks were set up in various places; that the Noord, after leaving Natal on the 11th January, 1690, four days after, put into the Bay de la Goa without anchoring; and after leaving that bight in the afternoon of the 16th, and running W. by S. and W. S. W. 14 miles, was wrecked upon a reef (Cape Reciffe). The crew, eighteen in number, vainly searched for inhabitants and food until the 23rd, when they set out for the Cape. After travelling together for some days without meeting a single man, they divided into several parties, and only four of them reached the Cape on the 27th March, after having been stripped and ill treated by the Camvers Hottentots, who lived by plunder. In the year 1752, we find the Company's marks erected at the mouth of Zwartkops River by Ensign Bentler. In 1772, some leases of farms taken on that river by colonists were cancelled as being