Breakfast, for two persons per week, 3 lbs. 15 oz. oatmeal and 14 gills of new milk; dinner, 1 lb. 6 oz. cooked meat, 4 pints broth, 4 lb. potatoes, 3lb. 13 oz. brown bread without potatoes, or 2 lb. 7 oz. with, 3 lb. 4 oz. suet or rice pudding, and 34 oz. cheese; supper, 3lb. 15 oz. oatmeal and 14 gills new milk.

Given under our hands and seal of office, this 12th day of March, in the year 1840. J. G. S. LEFEVRE. G. C. LEWIS.

(Signed)

Some unions are a trifle better than others; but bad is the best, and when we know by Parliamentary returns, that, in the fir quarter of the year 1840, 1,200,000—yes, 1,200,000 persons in England and Wales received union relief, the propriety, humanity, and advantage of parishes assisting their poor to a colony like this cannot be doubted.

The next table shews what are the wages and food supplied at one of the farms on the Eastern Province of the colony, which may be taken as a pretty general rate of the remainder.

Statement of Wages and Rations, &c., allowed to the Servants employed on the Cradock's Town Estate Sheep Walk, in 1842.

Most are indulged with a glass of wine or Cape Brandy every evening, and Fingo herds tobacco occasionally.

(Signed) KORSTEN, SCHEUBLES AND CHASE.

The next question of importance is the number of labourers which the Eastern Province would require or would absorb; and this cannot at present be estimated below 2000 annually; and as capital naturally follows where the means for its profitable employment are apparent, this number will soon be insufficient. The whole colony certainly now requires 5000.

Agricultural labourers must, of course, form the mass of the immigrants, but especially shepherds, for which occupation lads also are well calculated; gardeners, blacksmiths, carpenters, shoemakers, wheelwrights, masons, bricklayers, millwrights, coopers, shipwrights, tailors, and cabinetmakers, and other tradesmen, would make up the number. Young married couples would be preferred, as they are likely to be more steady and more

likely to remain in their new situations. Among the female immigrants, a small number of governesses, well qualified, neither extravagant in their demands, nor with too high-flown notions of their own importance, and a large proportion of dairy and house servants would be highly acceptable. The worst effect of these importations, as far as the employer is concerned, is that they too soon exchange "single blessedness" for the uncertain charms of married life.

It has been lately well remarked by the editor of the “ Colonial Gazette," that Paisley, Manchester, and the other great hives of manufacturing industry of Britain have not only “been materially benefited, but actually called into existence by emigration." "Without the emigration," says he, "of Englishmen to people the deserts of America, the population of Lancashire would probably not have exceeded a tithe of its present amount. Just in proportion to emigration from this country has been the extension of the demand for the products of our manufacturing industry. Every emigrant is a new customer in the home market, supplying us with raw produce and taking off our finished goods." But I will go further and say that, had the emigrant stayed at home, he not only would not have been a consumer, but would probably have become a burden to his country, and instead of aiding to people the looms with their industrious artisans, would himself have added to the inmates of the poor-house. There stands a man whom, no matter his name, I well know; he arrived with me in the same year, by the same ship, to this colony, ragged and sickly, tattered and poverty stricken. Whence came the cloth that made that superfine coat he has this day upon his back, but from Leeds; and his gay silken waistcoat, but from Macclesfield or Spitalfields; and his fine cotton stockings, but from Nottingham ; and his bright new beaver, but from London? And yet that very man, had he lingered but a few brief years more to enjoy, no, to suffer, the cold-comforts of "his own, his native land," would long ere this have wasted with disease, been consigned to the debtors' side of a jail, or become the inmate of a workhouse. There is another, now a substantial yeoman, with a snug and well built homestead, abundance of kine and a large and happy family, most of them reared in the colony; the elder ones who arrived with him, poor emaciated children, are now

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stout, strong, thriving men, themselves already parents. What would have been that man's fate had he remained in his native country, it is not difficult to divine; perhaps, had he been particularly fortunate, he might have revelled in all the luxury of a Glendale Union dietary! The two waggons he is at this moment loading up with home supplies, purchased with the cash received for the oat-hay he has sold to the Commissariat Department, it is true are built of Cape timber; but the iron used to fashion his axe, and which was employed to complete those vehicles, where was it dug and smelted, and for whose advantage and by whose means did it reach these distant shores? England, and Englishmen! Why, his tablecloth is English, his pottery and porcelain, and the greater part of his household gear are English; his wife and offspring are all tricked out in English calicoes, and the very baby's rattle is English; every implement he uses comes from the same country, and he and all his class, instead of hanging dead weights upon the resources of their mother country, have become profitable consumers of the most important of her manufactures. Look again to that merchant and his companion sheep-farmer, walking up arm-in-arm along the well built street which owes its very existence to their emigration and exertions; the first arrived with a few pounds of hard cash, and with steady industry and habitual sobriety—is one at the very head of his order in this country, in the enjoyment of many sterling thousands and revelling in every comfort; the other also brought out some small capital, but directing his whole attention at first exclusively to cultivation, dissipated the greatest portion. He then betook himself to sheep-farming, and he now ranks amongst the most wealthy of the richer colonists. Walk into the respective dwellings of these gentlemen, and a right warm welcome you will receive, good old honest colonial hospitality; and look around-that piano was made in Golden-square; those handsome pier glasses and lustres own no hand but that of a British workman; the other furniture, elegant, perhaps somewhat splendid (a severer taste might call it beyond this) had all their "well adjusted parts" put together in the world's great metropolis; and what though the tables are graced by the produce of the splendid vintages of the Douro, or the sunny slopes of the Rhine, the broad plains of Champagne, the rich country of the Bordelais or

the rocky and romantic terraces of the Fortunate Islands, still all these, whether fabricated by English skill or prepared by foreign art, employ British ships, British seamen, and British capital to bring them to the Cape, for the payment of which England receives an equivalent in raw produce, to be converted in its turn into fresh articles of valuable export!

In this glance at the advantages both given and received by emigration to this country, while I have intended to represent classes, I have had at the same time before me individual instances, of which many bear out my estimate of the success which have attended the settlers who have chosen it for their abode, and I shall now, in conclusion, take a kind of bird's-eye view of the fate and fortunes of the settlers of 1820, in elucidation of what I have asserted.

This emigration consisted of fifty-seven parties, several of them composed of a number of individuals united merely for the purpose of treating with the Home Government, in order to be sent out; but a very considerable portion consisted of single families, with a few servants. As it would be invidious to particularize individuals, or to name the respective parties, I shall content myself by alluding to them under initials :

A.-Originally consisted of ninety-three adults; several of these have served, and some are still serving, in high and responsible Government appointments, without one instance of misconduct; several are worth from £2000 to £4000. One, a servant when he arrived, is worth £3000. Another, who emigrated with only a few pounds, has 400 head of cattle, two waggons, besides farms, and cannot possess property in value less than £2000: with few exceptions, all are gaining a comfortable livelihood in trade or agriculture.

B. Ten adults. Arrived with small capital. They now possess about 25,000 acres in the best part of Lower Albany, 10,000 acres in the rich sheep lands of the Koonap, and cannot be estimated to be worth less than £30,000, notwithstanding they lost 800 head of fine cattle by the Kafirs.

C.-Eleven adults. Brought a considerable capital. Now substantial sheep-farmers, and worth not less than £20,000: very large landed proprietors.

D. Thirty-eight adults.

Commenced with small capital.