Orr's Circle of the Sciences: A Series of Treatises on the Principles of Science, with Their Application to Practical Pursuits, Volumen4William Somerville Orr W.S. Orr, 1855 |
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Orr's Circle of the Sciences: A Series of Treatires on the Principles of ... William Somerville Orr Sin vista previa disponible - 2018 |
Términos y frases comunes
affinity alkali ammonia amount antimony apparatus applied aqueous arsenic assumed atmospheric air atomic weight ball baryta battery binoxide of nitrogen bodies caloric carbonic acid charcoal chemical chemists chloric acid chloride colour combination combustion compound condensed conductor containing cooling copper crystalline crystals decomposed decomposition degree diagram dissolved distilled effect electricity employed equal Equivalent or atomic evaporation evolved expansion experiment flask fluid gaseous gases glass tube heat hence hydrate hydrochloric acid hydrogen hydrosulphuric acid inches instrument iron latter lime liquid magnetic manganese means mercury metallic mixture nitrate nitric acid nitrogen obtained oil of vitriol operation ordinary oxide oxygen peroxide philosophers phosphoric acid phosphorus plate platinum portion potash potassium precipitate pressure proportion protoxide quantity readily represented result salt sesquioxide silver soda solid soluble solution specific gravity spheroidal steam substance sulphate sulphuret sulphuric acid surface temperature theory thermometer vapour vessel voltaic volume wire zinc
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Página 40 - All these things being considered, it seems probable to me that God in the beginning formed matter in solid, massy, hard, impenetrable, moveable particles, of such sizes and figures, and with such other properties and in such proportion to space as most conduced to the end for which he formed them...
Página 120 - When an observation is to be made, a bar of platinum or malleable iron is placed in the cavity of the register ; the index is to be pressed down upon it, and firmly fixed in its place by the platinum strap and porcelain wedge. The scale is then to be applied by carefully adjusting the brass rule to the sides of the register, and fixing it by pressing the...
Página 179 - ... being prevented, it finds its way up a pipe which is fixed to the outer surface of the vessel, and which is terminated by the cock a. By means of an ivory mouth-piece screwed upon this cock, the gas, included in the instrument, may be respired ; the nostrils being closed by the fingers.
Página 44 - B, and 1 atom of A to 1 of B respectively; for, the proportions being 10 A to 7 B (or, which is the same ratio, 20 A to 14 B) and 10 A to 14 B, it is clear by the rule, that when the numbers are thus stated, we must consider the former combination as composed of 2 atoms of A, and the latter of 1 atom of A, united to 1 or more of B.
Página 252 - ... side of the division a stratum of water from c to d, one inch and a half in depth, reposed upon it, the two presenting, when looked through horizontally, a comparatively definite plane of contact. A second platina pole e was arranged so as to be just under the surface of the water, in a position nearly horizontal, a little inclination being given to it, that gas evolved during decomposition might escape: the part immersed was three inches and a half long by one inch wide, and about...
Página 64 - Hot liquids, generally speaking, are more powerful solvents than cold ones. — To four ounce-measures of water, at the temperature of the atmosphere, add three ounces of sulphate of soda in powder. Only part of the salt will be dissolved, even after being agitated some time. Apply heat, and the whole of the salt will disappear. When the liquor cools, a portion of salt will separate again in a regular form or in crystals.
Página 99 - ... low temperatures, because the force opposing expansion is diminished by the interposition of caloric between the particles .of bodies; and, therefore, when equal quantities of caloric are added in succession, the last portions meet with less resistance to their expansive force than the first. In gases, on...
Página 125 - Directions for constructing it arc given in the 8th volume of the Quarterly Journal of Science, p. 219. It is intended to be applied to the same purposes as that of Mr. Leslie, but is more sensible to changes of temperature, and the movement of the fluid (ether tinged by a drop of tincture of cochineal), follows instantaneously the application of the heating cause, whereas in the air thermometer some time is required before the effect takes place. Thermometers, filled with spirit of wine (a liquid...
Página 142 - The pure water will progressively descend to 32°, and will there remain stationary a considerable time before it congeals. Yet while thus stationary, it cannot be doubted, that the pure water is yielding caloric to the atmosphere, equally with the saline solution ; for it is impossible that a warmer body can be surrounded by a cooler one, without imparting caloric to the latter. The reason of this equable temperature is well explained by Dr. Crawford. (On Heal, p. 80.) Water, he observes, during...
Página 41 - ... we may without hesitation conclude, that those equivalent quantities, which we have learned to appreciate by proportionate numbers, do really express the relative weights of elementary atoms, the ultimate objects of chemical research.